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BACKGROUND This study aimed to undertake a network pharmacology analysis to identify the active compounds of the herbal extract Christina Loosestrife, or Lysimachia Christinae (Jin Qian Cao), in the treatment of nephrolithiasis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The active components of Christina Loosestrife were identified from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database and analysis platform and the online Taiwan TCM database. The potentially active compounds were screened based on their parenteral bioavailability identified from the TCMSP database. The PharmMapper integrated pharmacophore matching platform was used for target identification of active compounds in nephrolithiasis. The identified active compounds were validated by molecular docking using the systemsDock network pharmacology website. Biological functions and pathway outcomes of effective targets were analyzed using the Metascape gene annotation resource. The results were used to construct the pharmacological networks, which were visualized and integrated using Cytoscape software. RESULTS There were 16 active compounds of Christina Loosestrife and 11 nephrolithiasis-associated targets that were obtained. Functional enrichment analysis showed that Christina Loosestrife might exert its therapeutic effects by regulating pathways that included purine salvage, interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 signaling, and neutrophil degranulation. CONCLUSIONS Network pharmacology analysis of the herbal extract, Christina Loosestrife, identified multiple active compounds, targets, and pathways involved in the effects on nephrolithiasis.

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effect of Rheum officinale on acute pancreatitis. METHODS: Buffered sodium taurocholate (3% m/V) was injected into the pancreatico-biliary duct to induce acute pancreatitis. Death rate,coefficient of pancreas, serum amylyse (AMY), hemocuprein (SOD), TNF-alpha and IL-1beta level were examined at 6, 12 and 24 hours after operations. Pathology analysis were also obtained. RESULTS: Compared with corresponding pancreatitis groups,death rate, coefficient of pancreas, serum TNF-alpha and IL-1beta level of drug groups decreased remarkably (P < 0.05), while serum SOD level significantly increased (P < 0.01). Serum AMY level of drug groups increased at 6 h (P < 0.01), decreased at 12 h (P < 0.01) and had no statistics disparity at 24 h (P > 0.05) compared with respective pancreatitis group. Although score points of all drug groups were lower than corresponding pancreatitis groups, the growth tendency of both were similar. CONCLUSION: Rheum officinale Baill has the effect of prevention to pancreas pathological changes in the animal pattern, but not able to reverse the tendency.

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ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Panax notoginseng (Burk) F.H. Chen (Araliaceae) is a well-known and commonly used traditional Chinese herb for treatment of various diseases, such as hemostasis, edema and odynolysis. AIM OF STUDY: Our aim was to investigate the mechanisms of anti-hyperglycemic and anti-obese effects of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) in KK-Ay mice, and explore the components in PNS for such effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: KK-Ay mice received daily intraperitoneal injections of PNS 200mg/kg or vehicle for 30 days while ginsenoside Re 14 mg/kg, Rd 15 mg/kg, Rg1 40 mg/kg, Rb1 60 mg/kg and notoginsenoside R1 6 mg/kg for 12 days. Fasting blood glucose levels (FBGL), glucose tolerance (GT), serum insulin, leptin levels, body weight changes, food intake, adipose tissues and blood fat levels were measured at different time points. RESULTS: The PNS group had significantly lower FBGL, improved GT and smaller body weight incremental percentage after the 30-day treatment. Additionally, Rb1 exhibited significant reduction of FBGL on day 12, and Re also exhibited a decreasing trend after the 12-day treatment. CONCLUSIONS: PNS possess anti-hyperglycemic and anti-obese activities by improving insulin- and leptin sensitivity, and Rb1 is responsible for the anti-hyperglycemic effect among the five saponins in KK-Ay mice.

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OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on anti-hyperglycemic, anti-obese and prevention from kidney pathological changes in a type 2 diabetic KK-Ay gene mice model. METHODS: All animals were divided into 4 groups: Normal control group (C57BL/6J mice) were treated by NS 10 mL/kg, KK-Ay mice were subdivided into 3 groups as DM administrated NS 10 mL/kg, PNS 50 mg/kg, PNS 200 mg/kg respectively. All the animals received daily intraperitoneal injections for 30 days consecutively. All of these following items were determined as the effect of PNS: fasting plasma glucose levels (FPG), intraperitoneal glucose tolerance, body weight, food intake, insulin resistance index (IRI), serum insulin, triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (CH) levels and contribution of glomerulus injury. RESULTS: On the 12th, 22nd and 30th day, PNS-treated group had significantly lower FPG and low body weight incremental percentage. After a 12-day treatment, glucose tolerance was significantly improved. On the 30th day the serum IRI and TG levels of PNS-treated group decreased significantly, and the development of the mice glomerular lesions was prevented significantly. All of these showed a dose-effect relationship. CONCLUSION: PNS has the effects of anti-diabetes, anti-obese and prevention from kidney pathological changes in type 2 diabetic KK-Ay mice.

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