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Objective@#Using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) and microPET-CT to test the feasibility of 18F-FDG PET-CT for validation of olfactory function of rats with standard phenethyl alcohol (PEA) and isovaleric acid (IVA) odors stimulation. To verify the possibility of 18F-FDG PET-CT as a new objective examination method for olfactory function. @*Methods@#Six healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were selected with a weight of 250-300 g. First of all, buried food pellet test (BFT) was used to confirm the normal olfactory function of rats. Then in the next 3 days, after the intravenous injection of 18F-FDG (18 MBq/100 g), awaken rats were placed in a ventilated plexiglas cage for 30 min. Subsequently, pure air (the first day), PEA (the second day) and IVA (the third day) were delivered. After odor stimulation for 30 min, rats were performed by a static PET-CT under anesthesia. Images reconstructed were assessed by SPM method and analyzed by VBM method. Data was analysied by paired t test.@*Results@#Activation regions of rat′s brain after PEA stimulation included bed nucleus and insula. Activation regions of rat′s brain after IVA stimulation included olfactory bulb, anterior olfactory nucleus, amygdala, entorhinal cortex, olfactory cortex, piriform cortex, insula, prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex and bed nucleus (P<0.005, Ke>20 voxels). @*Conclusions@#Through microPET-CT, we can observe that olfactory stimulation with different odors can induce metabolic activation in different regions of rat′s brain, which was in concordance with olfactory regions. The olfactory related brain regions of rats have strong responses to odor stimulation of IVA.
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Objective To investigate the endogenous carnosine,glutathione system and oxidative stress level in serum of patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM),and the potential relationships among them.Meth-ods The serum of 102 healthy people,96 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 74 patients with diabetic car-diomyopathy in the third affiliated hospital of QiQihar Medical University were enrolled.Carnosine content was mea-sured by ELISA.T-GSH,GSH and GSSG were detected by using micro-enzyme labeling assay.GSH-Px,GST and GRAC were detected by using colorimetry. The content of NO was detected by nitrate reduction method. The con-tent of H2O2was detected by using molybdic acid coloring method. The activities of NOS and CAT was determined by colorimetry. Results Compared with the healthy control group,the average level of human serum carnosine, GSH content,GRAC,GSH/GSSG ratio,GST activity and T-SH content in the DM and DCM group were signifi-cantly reduced(P < 0.05,respectively). NO content,H2O2and iNOS activity were increased,but CAT activity was decreased in DCM group.Conclusion Decreases of levels of serum carnosine and glutathione(GSH)and the imbalance of redox state were observed in patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy,which may promote the occur-rence and development of the diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Objective@#To explore the clinical effects and the influence factors of olfactory training in the treatment of olfactory dysfunction.@*Methods@#A total of 86 patients with olfactory dysfunction (49 post-infectious and 37 post-traumatic) in Beijing Anzhen Hospital during Dec 2016 to May 2017 were recruited in this prospective study. The clinical data of patients were analyzed, including gender, age, body mass index (BMI), course of disease, smoking history, drinking history, diabetes history, hypertension history, hyperlipidemia history, and anxiety visual analogue score (VAS). All patients were treated with olfactory training for 16 weeks, and all of them underwent Sniffin′ Sticks olfactory test before and after treatment, which was evaluated by composite threshold-discrimination-identification score (TDI). SPSS 23.0 software, paired t test and univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data.@*Results@#Eighty patients received treatment, including 46 post-infectious olfactory dysfunction and 34 post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction. After olfactory training, the total scores of TDI increased with statistically significant (18.3±8.6 vs 13.6±7.4, t=-6.158, P<0.05). The overall efficacy was 40% (32/80). The effective rate were 45.7% (21/46) in post-infectious olfactory dysfunction and 32.4% (11/34) in post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction respectively, with no statistically significant difference (χ2=1.441, P=0.230). Logistic regression analysis showed that the course of disease was an influence factor in the clinical curative effect (OR=0.881, 95%CI: 0.799-0.973, P=0.012). In patients with less than a year of olfactory dysfunction, the olfactory function improved obviously with the efficiency of 50.9% (29/57).@*Conclusion@#Sixteen weeks of olfactory training provides a significant therapeutic effect on the post-infectious and post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction, and the olfactory training can achieve better therapeutic effects at the early stage.
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Objective To explore the relation between serum nesfatin-1 ,tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-αand insulin resistance. Methods A total of 105 subjects were enrolled in this study and divided into two groups:patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM group,n= 64)and normal controls (NC group,n= 41). The fasting serum nesfatin-1 and TNF-αlevels were measured by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). FPG,HbA1 c,TG,TC,and FIns were also tested. BMI, HOMA-IR,HOMA-β,and ISI were calculated. Results Serum nesfatin-1 and TNF-αlevels were significantly higher in T2DM group than in NC group. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the most significant influencing factors for nesfatin-1 were TNF-αand ISI(β= 0. 005、-6. 847,P<0. 05). The most significant influencing factors for TNF-αwas HbA1 c (β= 26. 652,P<0. 01). Conclusion Serum nesfatin-1 and TNF-αare significantly elevated in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM,which may influence the glucolipid metabolism through the signal pathway of insulin and play a role in the pathogenesis of T2DM and IR.
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This study was aimed to observe the effect ofGuava leaf total flavonoids on HIT-T15 pancreaticβcell insulin resistance. Effective part of FSL was prepared. The dosing time, concentration and high glucose concentration of FSL were confirmed by observing HIT-T15 pancreaticβ cell growth curve and the influences of HIT-T15 pancreaticβ cell proliferation by different concentrations of glucose and FSL. Afterwards, the influence of FSL on HIT-T15 pancreaticβ cell insulin secretion, the expression of insulin receptor mRNA and insulin receptor substrate (IRS) 1 protein were measured under the environment of high glucose. The results showed that 50 mmol·L-1 glucose can significantly inhibit the proliferation of HIT-T15 pancreaticβ cell (P < 0.01). The 50μg·mL-1 FSL can significantly promote the proliferation of HIT-T15 pancreaticβ cells (P < 0.01), the insulin secretion (P < 0.05), the expression of insulin receptor mRNA (P < 0.05), and the protein expression of IRS 1 (P <0.01). It was concluded thatGuava leaf total flavonoids can promote the insulin secretion of HIT-T15 pancreaticβ cells under the circumstance of high concentration of glucose which may be related to its effect of increasing expression of insulin receptor mRNA and IRS-1 protein.
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DNA methylation is closely related to the genesis and development of glioma.The CpG islands hypermethylation in promoter region of DNA repair genes,cell cycle controlling genes,apoptosis related genes,tumor suppressor genes and invasion related genes are found in glioma.Finding the specific methylation profile and molecular marker of glioma is helpful for the pathology class,early diagnosis and prognostic evalua-tion.Meanwhile,DNA methylation has the characteristic of reversibility,which may provide new ways for the treatment of glioma.
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Atherosclerosis is the most important cause of ischemic stroke. microRNAs can play an important role in the lipid metabolism, vascular inflammatory response, angiogenesis, as wel as smooth muscle cel proliferation and phenotypic conversion, etc. by regulating the functions of vascular endothelial cel s, vascular smooth muscle cel s, and mononuclear macrophages. It is closely associated with the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. This article mainly reviews the regulatory effect of microRNAs on lipid metabolism and vascular inflammatory response in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Objective To observe the effects of Tangshenjiaonang (TSJN) on biochemistry, renal function and hemorheology of alloxan and achromycin induced diabetic nephropathy rats. Methods The diabetic nephropathy rats induced by alloxan and achromycin were divided into 5 experimental groups. compared with control group, to observe the changes of the indicators shown about. Results TSJN can significantly decrease the level of SCr, BUN, CCr, FIB, plasma viscosity and UAER (P
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0.05). After treating, the accumulating points of syndrome of the treatment group dropped more, the treatment group was superior to the control group. Conclusions The curative effects of Huoxin capsule on angina of coronary arheroselerosis heart disease is exact. It can take effect quickly and improve the whole symptom of the patients noticeably.
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Objective:To study the effect of Rhizoma Coptidis apozem on expression of AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK) in skeletal muscle of metabolic syndrome rats. Methods:The models were established by administering high fat diet. Rats were randomly divided into five group: normal control group, metabriolic syndome group, Rhizoma Coptidis apozem group, Berberine group, Metformin group. To estimate insulin resistance by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp(GC) tecchnique. To estimate expression of AMPK by using Western blot. Results: Compared with metabolic syndrome group, Rhizoma Coptidis apozem group had higher M-value, lower wet weight of innards fat, and higher protein level of p-AMPK-?. Conclusion: Rhizoma Coptidis apozem can improve insulin resistance, decrease innards fat, and regulate up expression of AMPK.