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Objective To investigate the expressions of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer(EMMPRIN),matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9),lysine demethylase 6B(KDM6B)proteins and their correlation with clinicopathologic features in invasive breast cancer,and analyze the correlation among the three proteins and their value in pathological diagnosis of invasive breast cancer.Methods The surgical biopsy specimens of 124 patients with invasive breast cancer who were admitted to the Department of Pathology,the Fifth Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine/People's Hospital of Zhengzhou from January 2014 to December 2017 were selected as research subjects,and 20 low-grade intraductal carcinoma tissue specimens,27 high-grade intraductal carcinoma tissue specimens,and 22 adjacent tissue specimens＞1 cm away from the invasive breast cancer were selected as controls.The expressions of EMMPRIN,MMP-9 and KDM6B proteins in cancer-adjacent tissues,low-grade intraductal carcinoma tissues,high-grade intraductal carcinoma tissues and invasive breast cancer tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry.The relationship between the relative expressions of EMMPRIN,MMP-9 and KDM6B proteins and clinicopathologic features of invasive breast cancer was analyzed,Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation of EMMPRIN,MMP-9 and KDM6B proteins in breast cancer tissues,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was adopted to evaluate the diagnostic value of EMMPRIN,MMP-9 and KDM6B for invasive breast cancer.Results The relative expressions of EMMPRIN and MMP-9 proteins in high-grade intraductal carcinoma and invasive breast cancer tissues were significantly higher those in cancer-adjacent tissues and low-grade intraductal carcinoma tissues,and the relative expression of KDM6B protein was significantly lower than those in cancer-adjacent tissues and low-grade intraductal carcinoma tissues(P＜0.05);the relative expressions of EMMPRIN and MMP-9 proteins in invasive breast cancer tissues were significantly higher those in high-grade intraductal carcinoma tissues,and the relative expression of KDM6B protein was significantly lower than that in high-grade intraductal carcinoma tissues(P＜0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in the relative expressions of EMMPRIN,MMP-9 and KDM6B proteins between cancer-adjacent tissues and low-grade intraductal carcinoma tissues(P＞0.05).The relative expressions of EMMPRIN and KDM6B proteins were not related to the age,tumor location and tumor diameter of patients with invasive breast cancer(P＞0.05),and the relative expression of MMP-9 protein was not related to the age and tumor location of patients with invasive breast cancer(P＞0.05).Relative expressions of EMMPRIN,MMP-9 and KDM6B proteins were correlated with WHO grading,lymph node metastasis,and tumor,node and metastasis(TNM)staging of invasive breast cancer(P＜0.05),and the relative expression of MMP-9 protein was correlated with the tumor diameter(P＜0.05).In the WHO grades Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ of invasive breast cancer,the relative expressions of EMMPRIN and MMP-9 proteins increased sequentially,while the relative expression of KDM6B protein decreased sequentially(P＜0.05);the relative expressions of EMMPRIN and MMP-9 proteins in the lymph node metastasis group were significantly higher than those in the non-lymph node metastasis group,and the relative expression of KDM6B protein was significantly lower than that in the non-lymph node metastasis group(P＜0.05);the relative expressions of EMMPRIN and MMP-9 proteins in TNM stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ were significantly higher than those in stages Ⅰ-Ⅱ(P＜0.05),while the relative expression of KDM6B protein was significantly lower than that in stages Ⅰ-Ⅱ(P＜0.05).In the group of invasive breast cancer with diameter≤2 cm,2 to 5 cm,and＞5 cm,the relative expression of MMP-9 protein increased sequentially(P＜0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that the expression of EMMPRIN was positively correlated with MMP-9 protein in invasive breast cancer tissues(r=0.990,P=0.000),the expression of EMMPRIN was negatively correlated with KDM6B protein(r=-0.606,P=0.000),and the expression of MMP-9 was negatively correlated with KDM6B protein(r=-0.612,P=0.000).ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve(AUC)of EMMPRIN protein for diagnosing invasive breast cancer was 0.875[95％confidence interval(CI):0.823-0.926,P＜0.05],with an optimal threshold of 10.043,sensitivity of 79.0％,and specificity of 76.8％;the AUC of MMP-9 protein in diagnosing invasive breast cancer was 0.863(95％CI:0.808-0.917,P＜0.05),with an optimal threshold of 10.070,sensitivity of 74.2％,and specificity of 76.8％;the AUC of KDM6B protein in diagnosing invasive breast cancer was 0.267(95％CI:0.196-0.338,P＜0.05),with an optimal threshold of 11.003,sensitivity of 71.0％,and specificity of 98.6％.Conclusion EMMPRIN,MMP-9 and KDM6B are related to the occurrence and development of invasive breast cancer.Detection of the expressions of EMMPRIN,MMP-9 and KDM6B is helpful to the pathological diagnosis of invasive breast cancer and clinical judgment of invasion and metastasis of breast cancer.
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Objective:To explore the current status and influencing factors of polypharmacy burden in inpatient with elderly comorbidity.Methods:Convenience sampling method was used to select 393 in patients with elderly comorbidity of multiple medications who were hospitalized in North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital from September 2020 to January 2021 as the research object, using the general situation questionnaire, the Living with Medicines Questionnaire (LMQ), the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), the Medication Compliance Scale (Morisky Scale) to investigate. Descriptive analysis of general data characteristics and polypharmacy burden scores were performed, and t-test, variance analysis, and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis were used to analyze influencing factors. Results:The polypharmacy burden for inpatient with elderly comorbidity was (136.95 ± 22.34) points, and the score rate was 70.23%, which was at a moderately high level. Multi-factor analysis showed that age, education level, personal monthly income, the number of illnesses, the number of medications, the duration of medication, social support, and medication compliance were independent factors influencing polypharmacy burden in inpatient with elderly comorbidity ( R 2=0.821, adjusted R 2=0.818, F=220.65, P<0.001). Conclusions:The polypharmacy burden in inpatient with elderly comorbidity is at a moderately high level. It is recommended that medical staff should develop individualized nursing interventions to reduce the polypharmacy burden for the factors that affect the burden of multiple medications for this population.
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Objective To study the location of mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) and whether the cellular immunity is induced after immunization of H37Ra in mice.Methods Totally 72 BALB/C mice were included.Thirty mice were intracutaneously injected of 0.1 ml H37Ra solution(about 10~(6) bacteria) at caudal region;thirty mice were injected of BCG of same quantity instead;twelve were free from immunization as control.Viable MTB were detected in spleen and lungs on day 15,30 and 60 after intracutaneous vaccination of H37Ra.The proliferation of T lymphocytes stimulated with purified protein derivative(PPD) was measured by MTT assay and the production of interleukin-2(IL-2) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor(sIL-2R) in the cultural supernatants of T lymphocytes was also determined by ELISA on day 30 and 60 after intracutaneous vaccination of H37Ra.Results Viable H37Ra or BCG could be located in the spleen and lungs in mice for at least 60 d.After H37Ra immunization,the stimulation index(SI) of T lymphocyte proliferation on day 30 and 60 was(2.81?0.63),(2.16?0.52) respectively,which was of no significant difference with that of BCG immunization,but of significant difference with that of non-immunized mice(P
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Aiming at the malpractice of traditional education mode,we have carried out a series of experimental teaching reform on laboratory immunology,including developing compositive and devised experiments,applying the fruit of scientific research into experimental teaching,doing the special discuss after immune experiments as well as going to clinical laboratory to learn termly,which can adequately embody the students' principle part and the teachers' leading role,and improve the students' comprehensive qualities.
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Objective:To determine the location of mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) and whether the cellular immunity is induced after intragastric administration of BCG in mice.Methods:Viable MTB were detected in mesenteric lymph nodes?spleen and lungs at day 15,30 and 60 after intragastric administration of BCG to mice.The proliferation of T-lymphocyte with the stimulus of the purified protein derivative(PPD) was measured at day 60 and 90 after intragastric administration of BCG to mice.The expression of interleukin-2(IL-2) of T-lymphocyte in spleen was detected at day 60 and 90 after intragastric administration of BCG.Results:Viable MTB were detected in the mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen at day 15,30 and 60 after intragastric administration.At day 60 and 90 after intragastric administration of BCG to mice,the ratio of T-lymphocyte proliferation was 31.32%,37.94% separately and the production of IL-2 was 37.47?5.60 U/ml,39.41?7.73 U/ml separately.There were no statistically significant differences in the cellular immunity between the mice of the intragastric administration of BCG significant differences in the cellular immunity between the mice of the intragastric administration and the mice of the subcutaneous vaccination of BCG( P 0.05).Conclusion:Intragastric administration of BCG can induce cellular immunity in mice.