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ZnWO4@NiCo2O4 core-shell nanosheet array composites are synthesized on nickel foam via a two-step hydrothermal method. The optimal conditions, including a Ni(NO3)2·6H2O to Co(NO3)2·6H2O molar ratio of 2 : 1, 12 hours reaction time, and 120 °C temperature, yield a specific capacitance of 875 C g-1 at 1 A g-1. The electrode also maintains 81.1% capacitance after 10 000 cycles. The material's performance is attributed to its core-shell structure, which enhances ion diffusion and electron transport. This study presents a viable approach for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes.
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The structural integrity of the sperm flagellum is essential for proper sperm function. Flagellar defects can result in male infertility, yet the precise mechanisms underlying this relationship are not fully understood. CCDC181, a coiled-coil domain-containing protein, is known to localize on sperm flagella and at the basal regions of motile cilia. Despite this knowledge, the specific functions of CCDC181 in flagellum biogenesis remain unclear. In this study, Ccdc181 knockout mice were generated. The absence of CCDC181 led to defective sperm head shaping and flagellum formation. Furthermore, the Ccdc181 knockout mice exhibited extremely low sperm counts, grossly aberrant sperm morphologies, markedly diminished sperm motility, and typical multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF). Additionally, an interaction between CCDC181 and the MMAF-related protein LRRC46 was identified, with CCDC181 regulating the localization of LRRC46 within sperm flagella. These findings suggest that CCDC181 plays a crucial role in both manchette formation and sperm flagellum biogenesis.
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Ratones Noqueados , Proteínas de Microtúbulos , Cola del Espermatozoide , Animales , Masculino , Ratones , Fertilidad/fisiología , Flagelos/metabolismo , Flagelos/fisiología , Motilidad Espermática , Cola del Espermatozoide/metabolismo , Cola del Espermatozoide/fisiología , Espermatozoides/fisiología , Proteínas de Microtúbulos/genética , Proteínas de Microtúbulos/metabolismoRESUMEN
Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is a leading cause of corneal endothelial degeneration resulting in impaired visual acuity. Excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (guttae) on Descemet's membrane (DM) is the hallmark of FECD. We sought to detect the guttae area rapidly using aniline blue (AB) staining in FECD mouse model. FECD mouse model was established via ultraviolet A (UVA) exposure. Masson's trichrome staining was utilized to stain the corneal sections. AB staining was utilized to stain both whole cornea tissues and stripped Descemet's membrane-endothelium complex (DMEC) flat mounts, while immunofluorescence staining of collagen I was employed to stain guttae areas. In Masson's trichrome staining, corneal collagen fibrils were stained blue with AB. The DMEC flat mounts were stained into relative dark blue areas and relative light blue areas using 2% AB staining. The areas of dark blue could almost overlap with collagen I-positive areas, and have an acellular centre and a moderately distinct boundary line with the surrounding corneal endothelial cells. In conclusion, AB staining is a rapid and effective method for the evaluation of the guttae areas in the FECD mouse model.
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Compuestos de Anilina , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Distrofia Endotelial de Fuchs , Animales , Ratones , Distrofia Endotelial de Fuchs/patología , Distrofia Endotelial de Fuchs/metabolismo , Coloración y Etiquetado/métodos , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Matriz Extracelular/patología , Lámina Limitante Posterior/patología , Lámina Limitante Posterior/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Endotelio Corneal/patología , Endotelio Corneal/metabolismo , ColorantesRESUMEN
Water treatment faces significant challenges due to the increasing complexity of pollutants and the need for more efficient, sustainable treatment methods. However, current adsorbent materials often struggle with issues such as low adsorption capacity, slow kinetics, and poor reusability, limiting their practical application. In this study, we developed a novel hierarchical porous hybrid gel (HPHG) for water treatment to address the limitations of conventional adsorbents. The HPHG features a multi-level porous structure (from 48 ± 28 nm to 4385 ± 823 nm) that significantly enhances its porosity and specific surface area. We systematically investigated the relationship between the material's structure and its adsorption performance. Kinetic studies revealed a tendency towards a pseudo-second-order adsorption model, attributed to the material's unique structural features that facilitate rapid mass exchange channels inside HPHG and provide abundant active sites for pollutant adsorption. Reusability tests demonstrated that the material retained 85.4% of its initial adsorption capacity after five adsorption-desorption cycles, highlighting its potential for practical applications. This study provides valuable insights into structure-performance relationships in advanced water treatment materials, offering a promising approach for designing next-generation adsorbents with superior efficiency and sustainability.
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Introduction: The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) evolutionary divergence (HED) reflects immunopeptidome diversity and has been shown to predict the response of tumors to immunotherapy. Its impact on allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is controversial in different studies. Methods: In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical impact of class I and II HED in 225 acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients undergoing HSCT from related haploidentical donors. The HED for recipient, donor, and donor-recipient pair was calculated based on Grantham distance, which accounts for variations in the composition, polarity, and volume of each amino acid within the peptide-binding groove of two HLA alleles. The median value of HED scores was used as a cut-off to stratify patients with high or low HED. Results: The class I HED for recipient (R_HEDclass I) showed the strongest association with cumulative incidence of relapse (12.2 vs. 25.0%, P = 0.00814) but not with acute graft-versus-host disease. The patients with high class II HED for donor-recipient (D/R_HEDclass II) showed a significantly higher cumulative incidence of severe aGVHD than those with low D/R_HEDclass II (24.0% vs. 6.1%, P = 0.0027). Multivariate analysis indicated that a high D/R_HEDclass II was an independent risk factor for the development of severe aGVHD (P = 0.007), and a high R_HEDclass I had a more than two-fold reduced risk of relapse (P = 0.028). However, there was no discernible difference in overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS) for patients with high or low HED, which was inconsistent with the previous investigation. Discussion: While the observation are limited by the presented single center retrospective cohort, the results show that HED has poor prognostic value in OS or DFS, as well as the associations with relapse and aGVHD. In haploidentical setting, class II HED for donor-recipient pair (D/R_HEDclass II) is an independent and novel risk factor for finding the best haploidentical donor, which could potentially influence clinical practice if verified in larger cohorts.
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Selección de Donante , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras , Humanos , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/efectos adversos , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/terapia , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/genética , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/inmunología , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/mortalidad , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Adolescente , Persona de Mediana Edad , Niño , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/inmunología , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/etiología , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/genética , Adulto Joven , Antígenos HLA/genética , Antígenos HLA/inmunología , Preescolar , Trasplante Haploidéntico , Donantes de Tejidos , Evolución MolecularRESUMEN
Insect growth-blocking peptides (GBPs) are a family of cytokines found in several insect orders and are known for their roles in regulating development, paralysis, cell proliferation, and immune responses. Despite their diverse functions, the potential of GBPs as biocontrol targets against the pest Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) has not been fully explored. In this study, S. frugiperda GBP (SfGBP) was identified and functionally characterized. SfGBP is synthesized as a 146 amino acid proprotein with a 24 amino acid C-terminal active peptide (Glu123-Gly146). Predominant expression of SfGBP occurs in fourth to sixth instar larvae and in the larval fat body, with significant upregulation in response to pathogens and pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Injection of the synthetic active peptide into larvae induced growth retardation, delayed pupation, and increased survival against Beauveria bassiana infection. Conversely, RNA interference-mediated knockdown of SfGBP resulted in accelerated growth, earlier pupation, and decreased survival against B. bassiana infection. Further analysis revealed that SfGBP promoted SF9 cell proliferation and spreading, enhanced bacteriostatic activity of larval hemolymph, and directly inhibited germination of B. bassiana conidia. In addition, SfGBP enhanced humoral responses, such as upregulation of immunity-related genes and generation of reactive oxygen species, and cellular responses, such as nodulation, phagocytosis, and encapsulation. These results highlight the dual regulatory role of SfGBP in development and immune responses and establish it as a promising biocontrol target for the management of S. frugiperda.
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Proteínas de Insectos , Larva , Spodoptera , Animales , Spodoptera/efectos de los fármacos , Spodoptera/inmunología , Proteínas de Insectos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Insectos/genética , Larva/efectos de los fármacos , Larva/inmunología , Beauveria/fisiología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Control Biológico de Vectores/métodosRESUMEN
The electrocatalytic performance of a Fe65Co10Si12.5B12.5 Fe-based compounds toward alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is enhanced by dealloying. The dealloying process produced a large number of nanosheets on the surface of NS-Fe65Co10Si12.5B12.5, which greatly increased the specific surface area of the electrode. When the dealloying time is 3 h, the overpotential of NS-Fe65Co10Si12.5B12.5 is only 175.1 mV at 1.0 M KOH and 10 mA cm-2, while under the same conditions, the overpotential of Fe65Co10Si12.5B12.5 is 215 mV, which is reduced. In addition, dealloying treated electrodes also show better HER performance than un-dealloying treated electrodes. With the increase in Co doping amount, the overpotential of the hydrogen evolution reaction decreases, and the hydrogen evolution activity is the best when the addition amount of Co is 10%. This work not only provides a basic understanding of the relationship between surface activity and the dealloying of HER catalysts, but also paves a new way for doping transition metal elements in Fe-based electrocatalysts working in alkaline media.
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Cost-efficient material with an ingenious design is important in the engineering applications of flexible energy storage and electromagnetic (EM) protection. In this study, bimetallic ZnCo2S4 (ZCS) polyhedral nanoparticles homogenously embedded in the surface of porous N-doped carbon nanofiber membranes (ZCS@PCNFM) have been fabricated by electrospinning technique combined with carbonization and hydrothermal processes. As a self-assembled electrode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the bimetallic ZCS nanoparticles possess rich redox reactions, good electrical conductivity, and pseudocapacitive properties, while the three-dimensional (3D) multiaperture architecture of the nanofiber film not only shortens the transfer spacing of lithium ions and electrons but also effectively tolerates the volume variation during lithiation and delithiation cycles. Benefiting from the above merits, the ZCS@PCNFM electrode exhibits good cycle performance (662.3 mA h/g at 100 mA/g after 100 cycles), superior rate capacity (401.3 mA h/g at 1 A/g) and an extremely high initial specific capacity of 1152.2 mAh/g at 100 mA/g. Meanwhile, depending on the hierarchical nanostructure and multi-component heterogeneous interface effects constructed by 3D inlaid architecture, the ZCS@PCNFM nanocomposite exhibits fascinating microwave absorption (MA) characteristics with a superhigh reflection loss (RL) of -49.7 dB at a filling content of only 20 wt% and corresponding effective absorption bandwidth (EAB, RL<-10 dB) of 5.2 GHz ranging from 12.8 to 18.0 GHz at 2.2 mm.
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OBJECTIVE: Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a significant complication following allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, often necessitating therapeutic interventions such as rituximab (RTX) and cyclosporin A (CsA). This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which RTX and CsA jointly address B-cell dysregulation in cGVHD, providing a theoretical foundation and scientific rationale for the treatment and prognostic evaluation of this condition. METHODS: A total of 30 cGVHD mouse models were established by subjecting recipient mice to total body irradiation followed by injection of a mixed suspension of bone marrow cells and splenocytes from donor mice. From Day 2 to Day 29 post-model establishment, the mice received subcutaneous administration of RTX and CsA. Throughout the study, body weight, clinical cGVHD scores, and survival rates were monitored. Blood samples were collected via the orbital venous plexus. Serum levels of B-cell activating factor (BAFF) and pro-inflammatory factors were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the ratio of regulatory B cells (Bregs) in the blood sample was assessed via flow cytometry. RESULTS: Mice with cGVHD exhibited a 14.5% decrease in body weight, elevated clinical scores, and more severe symptoms compared to the control group. Notably, all mice in both the cGVHD and control groups survived until the conclusion of the study. Induction of cGVHD resulted in B-cell dysregulation, evidenced by elevated serum BAFF levels and a decreased proportion of Bregs. However, treatment with RTX combined with CsA ameliorated B-cell dysregulation and significantly reduced serum levels of pro-inflammatory factors in cGVHD mice, with decreases of 39.78% in TNF-α and 37.89% in IL-6. CONCLUSION: The combination of RTX and CsA effectively mitigates B-cell dysregulation in cGVHD, thereby reducing the severity and progression of the disease.
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AIMS: Coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with changed serum soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) will experience microalbuminuria and even kidney dysfunction. However, the role of sRAGE for microalbuminuria in CHD is still not established. This study aimed to evaluate the association between sRAGE and early kidney dysfunction in CHD patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, sRAGE and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) were measured in hospitalized CHD patients who have undergone coronary arteriography to evaluate the distinction and correlation between sRAGE and uACR. RESULTS: There were 127 CHD patients (mean age: 63.06 ± 10.93 years, 93 males) in the study, whose sRAGE were 1.83 ± 0.64 µg/L. The sRAGE level was higher in kidney injury group (uACR ≥ 30 mg/g) compared with no kidney injury group (uACR < 30 mg/g) [(2.08 ± 0.70 vs. 1.75 ± 0.61) µg/L, P < 0.05]. Moreover, the positive correlation between serum sRAGE and uACR was significant in CHD patients (r = 0.196, P < 0.05). Binary logistic regression suggests sRAGE as a predictor for microalbuminuria in CHD patients [Odd Ratio = 2.62 (1.12-6.15), P < 0.05)]. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of sRAGE is higher than that of the traditional indicators of renal function such as creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate, indicating sRAGE might have a good performance in evaluating early kidney injury in CHD patients [AUC is 0.660 (0.543-0.778), P < 0.01)]. CONCLUSIONS: Serum sRAGE was positively correlated to uACR and might serve as a potential marker to predict early kidney injury in CHD patients.
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Patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancers (R/M HNCs) are prone to developing resistance after immunotherapy. This retrospective real-world study aims to investigate whether the addition of anlotinib can reverse resistance to PD-1 inhibitors (PD-1i) and evaluate the efficacy and safety of this combination in R/M HNCs. Main outcomes included objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), duration of response (DOR), and safety. Potential biomarkers included PD-L1 expression, lipid index, and genomic profiling. Twenty-one patients with R/M HNCs were included, including 11 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), five head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), three salivary gland cancers (SGC), and two nasal cavity or paranasal sinus cancers (NC/PNC). Among all patients, ORR was 47.6% (95% CI: 28.6-66.7), with 2 (9.5%) complete response; DCR was 100%. At the median follow-up of 17.1 months, the median PFS and OS were 14.3 months (95% CI: 5.9-NR) and 16.7 months (95% CI:8.4-NR), respectively. The median DOR was 11.2 months (95% CI: 10.1-NR). As per different diseases, the ORR was 45.5% for NPC, 60.0% for HNSCC, 66.7% for SGC, and 50.0% for NC/PNC. Most treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were grade 1 or 2 (88.9%). The most common grades 3-4 TRAE was hypertension (28.6%), and two treatment-related deaths occurred due to bleeding. Therefore, adding anlotinib to the original PD-1i could reverse PD-1 blockade resistance, with a favorable response rate, prolonged survival, and acceptable toxicity, indicating the potential as a second-line and subsequent therapy choice in R/M HNCs.
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Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico , Indoles , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Quinolinas , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Quinolinas/uso terapéutico , Anciano , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/patología , Indoles/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/uso terapéutico , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/tratamiento farmacológico , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Metástasis de la NeoplasiaRESUMEN
Divergent synthesis of structurally different products from the same kinds of starting materials is highly synthetically useful but very challenging. Herein, we reported a base-mediated chemodivergent [4 + 1] and [2 + 1] cycloaddition of N-alkylpyridinium and enone under mild conditions, leading to furan-fused bicycles with high diastereoselectivity and spirobicycles, respectively, from moderate to high yields. N-Alkylpyridinium salts were modular nucleophilic transfer reagents and C1 synthons, which underwent tandem Michael addition to the α,ß-unsaturated ketones and cyclization under the base conditions. Late-stage derivatization of 4-propyldicyclohexylanone from an important industrial raw of liquid crystal display (LCD) screens was realized. In vitro, compound 3f exhibited good activities against human colon cancer cells (HCT116) with IC50 values in 9.82 ± 0.27 µM. Further biological evaluations investigated the mechanism of the effective inhibition of cell growth, including apoptosis ratio detection, cell cycle analysis, and migration capacity of HCT116 cells. In apoptosis effect studies, complex 3f increased the percentage of apoptotic HCT116 cells to 26.8% (15 µM).
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Reacción de Cicloadición , Cetonas , Compuestos de Piridinio , Humanos , Compuestos de Piridinio/química , Compuestos de Piridinio/síntesis química , Cetonas/química , Cetonas/síntesis química , Estructura Molecular , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Células HCT116 , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , CiclizaciónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The right upper transversal hepatectomy (RUTH) is considered a complex technique of parenchymal-sparing hepatectomies. The intraoperative management of the right hepatic vein (RHV) is still controversial because it may cause obstruction of outflow in the remnant hepatic segment. The aim of this study is to present our experience of laparoscopic RUTH and the strategy of RHV resection and reconstruction in different settings. METHODS: Five patients who underwent laparoscopic RUTH for liver tumor were enrolled retrospectively. Clinical and pathological features of the patients, peri-operative treatment, as well as short- and long-term outcomes were collected for analysis. RESULTS: Laparoscopic RUTH was successfully performed in all five patients. Two individuals underwent RUTH while preserving RHV. Among the remaining patients who underwent RUTH with RHV resection, one patient underwent RHV reconstruction but the others did not. Immediate or long-term venous related complications did not occurred in a median follow-up period of nine months. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic RUTH surgery for tumors in the right upper region of the liver is safe and feasible. The strategic workflow we proposed for the resection and reconstruction of the RHV offers a reliable method for preserving liver parenchyma and reducing the risk of postoperative liver failure.
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BACKGROUND: Enshi Yulu tea (ESYL) is the most representative of steamed green tea in China, but its aroma formation in processing is unclear. Thus, the ESYL volatiles during the whole industrial processing were investigated using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS: A total of 134 volatiles were identified. Among these, 31 differential volatiles [P < 0.05 and variable importance in projection (VIP) > 1] and 25 key volatiles [relative odor activity value (rOAV) and/or the ratio of each rOAV to the maximum rOAV (ROAV) > 1.0] were screened out, wherein ß-ionone and nonanal were the most key odorants. Besides, the sensory evaluation combined with multivariate statistical analysis of volatiles pinpointed spreading, fixation, first drying, and second drying as the key processing steps that have a pronounced influence on the aroma quality of ESYL. Furthermore, the oxidative degradation of unsaturated fatty acids, synthesis of monoterpenes, and degradation of carotenoids were the main metabolic pathway for the formation of key odorants. CONCLUSION: The study provides comprehensive insights into the volatile characteristics during the industrial processing of ESYL and promote our understanding of the aroma formation in steamed green teas. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Livestock and poultry meat consumption play an important role in the dietary structure of Chinese residents. However, the extent of residues of veterinary drugs and heavy metal contamination in livestock and poultry meat and their by-products within Hunan province is not extensively studied. This survey aimed to fill this gap by assessing the presence of 76 veterinary drug residues in Hunan province. Additionally, heavy metals in pork and pig liver were also assessed. The obtained findings suggest that residues of veterinary drugs are still present in livestock and poultry meat, as well as their by-products, within Hunan province. However, the contamination of heavy metals remained within the food safety limits. These results underscore the significance of establishing more refined criteria for assessing human exposure, taking into account factors such as consumption patterns, product varieties and chemical compounds of interest.
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Titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalytic technology has the advantages of high catalytic activity, high chemical stability, nontoxicity, and low cost. Therefore, it finds widespread applications in the degradation of organic pollutants in water, antibacterial, environmental purification, and other fields. In this study, we have obtained a photocatalyst by modifying nanoTiO2 with the photosensitizer thioxanthone. The light-harvesting units of thioxanthone and nanoTiO2 can work synergistically to capture light energy. As a heterogeneous photocatalytic material, it can efficiently degrade organic dyes such as Rhodamine B, methyl blue and methyl orange. Specifically, the degradation rate of 0.1 mmol/L Rhodamine B can reach 97% after 35 min of irradiation, and methyl blue and methyl orange can also reach 98 and 56%, respectively.
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Macrocyclic conformations play a crucial role in regulating their properties. Our understanding of the determinants to control macrocyclic conformation interconversion is still in its infancy. Here we present a macrocycle, octamethyl cyclo[4](1,3-(4,6)-dimethylbenzene)[4]((4,6-benzene)(1,3-dicarboxylate) (OC-4), that can exist at 298 K as two stable atropisomers with C2v and C4v symmetry denoted as C2v-OC-4 and C4v-OC-4, respectively. Heating induces the efficient stepwise conversion of C2v- to C4v-OC-4 via a Cs-symmetric intermediate (Cs-OC-4). It differs from the typical transition state-mediated processes of simple C-C single bond rotations. Hydrolysis and further esterification with a countercation dependence promote the generation of C2v- and Cs-OC-4 from C4v-OC-4. In contrast to C2v-OC-4, C4v-OC-4 can bind linear guests to form pseudo-rotaxans, or bind C60 or C70 efficiently. The present study highlights the differences in recognition behavior that can result from conformational interconversion, as well as providing insights into the basic parameters that govern coupled molecular rotations.
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Background: Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) reflects changes in the condition of multiple myeloma (MM) patients to some extent. However, the relationship of ALP in MM remains uncertain. Our study aimed to determine the association between initial ALP levels and overall survival in newly diagnosed MM patients. Methods: Clinical data from 202 newly diagnosed MM patients at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital between 2012 and 2016 were collected. Baseline characteristics, disease progression staging, serum markers, and patient survival data were recorded. The cut-off value for ALP was calculated based on patient survival data, and patients were divided into groups. Differences in patients' 3- and 5-year survival rates, liver function, bone disease and other indicators among different groups were compared. Independent risk factors influencing newly diagnosed MM patients were identified using COX regression analysis. Results: Patients were categorized into three groups based on ALP cut-off points: Group 1 (ALP <70 U/L), Group 2 (ALP 70 to <120 U/L), and Group 3 (ALP ≥120 U/L). Significant differences were observed in lactate dehydrogenase, serum calcium, white blood cell count, hemoglobin, and liver function indicators (including alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, albumin, and γ-glutamyl transferase) among different ALP groups (P<0.05). ALP levels varied significantly among patients with different bone disease grades (P<0.05). Median survival times for Groups 1, 2, and 3 were 25, 52, and 31 months, respectively. Group 2 exhibited significantly higher 3-year survival compared to the other two groups (P=0.006), while no significant difference was observed in 5-year survival among the three groups (P=0.51). Age, International Staging System staging, aspartate aminotransferase, ß2-microglobulin, ALP grading, and severe bone disease were identified as independent factors influencing survival in newly diagnosed patients (P<0.05). Conclusions: ALP levels are correlated with the prognosis of MM patients, and an ALP range of 70 to <120 U/L reflects a better survival expectation.
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BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the effect and mechanism of the Decoction of Yougui Wan combined with Wuzi Yanzong Wan (DYWWYW), a traditional Chinese herbal formula, in a mouse model with thin endometrium induced by 95% ethanol. METHODS: Thin endometrium mice were treated with progynova (0.002 mg) as well as a low and high dose of DYWWYW (0.05 and 0.5 mL DYWWYW, respectively, diluted in 2 mL normal saline). Western blotting and qRT-PCR analyses were performed to determine the protein and mRNA expression levels, respectively, of integrin αγß3 and leukaemia inhibitor factor (LIF) in uterus tissues. Serum oestradiol and progesterone concentrations were determined via ELISA. The remaining thin endometrium mice were mated with male mice, and the number of embryos implanted in the different groups was calculated. RESULTS: A high dose of DYWWYW effectively ameliorated the injury of endometrium caused by 95% ethanol. The levels of oestradiol, progesterone, αγß3 and LIF in thin endometrium mice treated with a high dose of DYWWYW were also significantly elevated. Additionally, a high dose of DYWWYW remarkably increased the number of embryo implantations in mice with thin endometrium. CONCLUSION: DYWWYW has improvement effects on thin endometrium by elevating the levels of endogenous oestradiol, progesterone, αγß3, and LIF in a mouse model.
During the reproductive cycle, endometrium thickness of more than 7 mm is considered as a cut-off value for successful embryo implantation. Currently, although therapies for the improvement of endometrium thickness such as sildenafil, endometrial scraping, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and low dose of aspirin have been tried, the effects on patients are not consistent. Consequently, it is necessary to seek novel therapies to increase endometrium thickness effectively. A 95% ethanol-induced thin endometrium female ICR mouse model was established in this study. High dose of Decoction of Yougui Wan combined with Wuzi Yanzong Wan (DYWWYW) effectively ameliorated the injury of endometrium and remarkably increased the number of embryo implantations in thin endometrium mice. Additionally, the levels of some key indicators including oestradiol, progesterone, αγß3, and LIF were also increased in thin endometrium mice treated with high dose of DYWWYW. Therefore, DYWWYW was feasible in increasing endometrium thickness in a mouse model.