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ABSTRACT Introduction: Aerobic exercise can improve the function of the cardiovascular circulatory system, reducing morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease by stimulating the production of endogenous self-protection. Activating potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle cells can cause vasodilation and increase blood flow, lowering blood pressure. There is a sensitivity to intracellular ATP and ADP concentration among the variety of potassium channels distributed in vascular smooth muscle cells, which vary mainly during aerobic physical activity. Objective: Explore the effect of aerobic exercise on the vascular reactivity of the thoracic aorta in patients with obesity and hyperlipidemia. Methods: Randomized controlled trial in twenty male Wistar rats weighing 250g and two months old. The control group remained at rest while the experimental group performed aerobic exercise on a treadmill at increasing speed for eight weeks. The rats were dissected, and dilatators and vasoconstrictors drugs stimulated their blood vessels in a tamponade solution. Observation of vascular changes was measured under controlled tensioning. Results: The blockade of KATP channels in vascular smooth muscle caused tonic contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells and increased blood pressure. Conclusion: Long-term regular aerobic exercise may induce changes in rats' thoracic aortic vascular function and vascular smooth muscle reactivity. Aerobic exercise can also significantly improve the activity of KATP channels. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the results.
RESUMO Introdução: O exercício aeróbico pode melhorar a função do sistema circulatório cardiovascular, reduzindo a morbidade e mortalidade de doenças cardiovasculares estimulando a produção de autoproteções endógenas. A ativação de canais de potássio nas células musculares lisas vasculares pode causar vasodilatação e aumentar o fluxo sanguíneo, diminuindo a pressão sanguínea. Há uma sensível a concentração de ATP intracelular e ADP dentre a variedade de canais de potássio distribuídos em células musculares lisas vasculares, que variam principalmente durante a atividade física aeróbica. Objetivo: Explorar o efeito do exercício aeróbico na reatividade vascular da aorta torácica em pacientes com obesidade e hiperlipidemia. Métodos: Estudo randomizado controlado em vinte ratos Wistar machos de 250g e 2 meses de idade. O grupo controle permaneceu sob repouso enquanto o experimental realizava exercícios aeróbicos em esteira com velocidade crescente durante 8 semanas. Os ratos foram dissecados e seus vasos sanguíneos estimulados com drogas vasoconstritoras e dilatadoras em solução tampão. A observação das alterações vasculares foi mensurada sob tensionamento controlado. Resultados: O bloqueio dos canais KATP no músculo liso vascular causou contração tônica das células musculares lisas vasculares e aumento da pressão arterial. Conclusão: Exercícios aeróbicos regulares de longo prazo podem induzir alterações na função vascular da aorta torácica e reatividade do músculo liso vascular em ratos. O exercício aeróbico também pode melhorar significativamente a atividade dos canais KATP. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
RESUMEN Introducción: El ejercicio aeróbico puede mejorar la función del sistema circulatorio cardiovascular, reduciendo la morbilidad y la mortalidad de las enfermedades cardiovasculares al estimular la producción de autoprotección endógena. La activación de los canales de potasio en las células del músculo liso vascular puede causar vasodilatación y aumentar el flujo sanguíneo, reduciendo la presión arterial. Existe una sensibilidad a la concentración intracelular de ATP y ADP entre la variedad de canales de potasio distribuidos en las células del músculo liso vascular, que varían principalmente durante la actividad física aeróbica. Objetivo: Explorar el efecto del ejercicio aeróbico sobre la reactividad vascular de la aorta torácica en pacientes con obesidad e hiperlipidemia. Métodos: Ensayo controlado aleatorio en veinte ratas Wistar macho de 250 g y 2 meses de edad. El grupo de control permaneció en reposo mientras que el grupo experimental realizó ejercicios aeróbicos en una cinta de correr a velocidad creciente durante 8 semanas. Las ratas fueron disecadas y sus vasos sanguíneos fueron estimulados con fármacos vasoconstrictores y dilatadores en solución amortiguada. La observación de los cambios vasculares se midió bajo tensión controlada. Resultados: El bloqueo de los canales KATP en el músculo liso vascular provocó una contracción tónica de las células del músculo liso vascular y un aumento de la presión arterial. Conclusión: El ejercicio aeróbico regular a largo plazo puede inducir cambios en la función vascular de la aorta torácica y en la reactividad del músculo liso vascular en ratas. El ejercicio aeróbico también puede mejorar significativamente la actividad del canal KATP. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.
RESUMEN
The optimization of more sustainable fertilization practice to relieve phosphorus (P) resource scarcity and increase P fertilizer utilization, a better understanding of the regulatory roles of microbes in P mobilization is urgently required to reduce P input. The genes phoD and pqqC are responsible for regulating organic and inorganic P mobilization, respectively. Using high-throughput sequencing, the corresponding bacterial communities harbored by these genes were determined. We conducted a 4-year rice-rice-crop rotation to investigate the responses of phoD- and pqqC-harboring bacterial communities to the partial replacement of inorganic P fertilizer by organic manure with reduced P input. The results showed that a combination of organic and inorganic fertilization maintained high rice yield, and also produced a more complex and stable phosphate mobilizing bacterial community, which contributed to phosphatase activities more than their gene abundances in the model analysis. Compared with the conventional mineral fertilization, organic-inorganic fertilization with the reduced P input slightly increased pqqC gene abundance while significantly enhanced the abundance of phoD-harboring bacteria, especially the genera Bradyrhizobium and Methylobacterium known as potential organic P mineralizers which can maintain high rice production. Moreover, the increased pH was the most impactful factor for the phoD- and pqqC-harboring bacterial communities, by promoting microbial P turnover and greatly increasing bioavailable P pools (H2O-Pi and NaHCO3-Pi, NaOH-Pi) in this P-deficient paddy soil. Hence, our study demonstrated that the partial replacement of mineral P with organic manure could reshape the inorganic phosphate solubilizing and alkaline-phosphomonoesterase encoding bacterial communities towards more resilient and effective to the high P utilization and productivity over intense cultivation, providing insights into the potential of soil microbes in the efficient management of agricultural P fertilization.