RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Wound healing is an intricate and continual process influenced by numerous factors that necessitate suitable environments to attain healing. The natural ability of wound healing often gets altered by several external and intrinsic factors, leading to chronic wound occurrence. Numerous wound dressings have been developed; however, the currently available alternatives fail to coalesce in all conditions obligatory for rapid skin regeneration. AREA COVERED: An extensive review of articles on herbal nano-composite wound dressings was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases, from 2006 to 2024. This review entails the pathophysiology and factors leading to non-healing wounds, wound dressing types, the role of herbal bio-actives for wound healing, and the advantages of employing nanotechnology to deliver herbal actives. Numerous nano-composite wound dressings incorporated with phytoconstituents, herbal extracts, and essential oils are discussed. EXPERT OPINION: There is a strong substantiation that several herbal bio-actives possess anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, analgesic, and angiogenesis promoter activities that accelerate the wound healing process. Nanotechnology is a promising strategy to deliver herbal bio-actives as it ascertains their controlled release, enhances bioavailability, improves permeability to underlying skin layers, and promotes wound healing. A combination of herbal actives and nano-based dressings offers a novel arena for wound management.
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Vendajes , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Nanotecnología , Cicatrización de Heridas , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Animales , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Preparaciones de Plantas/administración & dosificación , Preparaciones de Plantas/uso terapéutico , Aceites Volátiles/administración & dosificación , Aceites Volátiles/uso terapéutico , Nanocompuestos/química , Heridas y Lesiones/tratamiento farmacológico , Heridas y Lesiones/terapiaRESUMEN
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women and is rated among one of the three common malignancies worldwide in combination with colon and lung cancer. The escalating mortality rate of breast cancer patients has captivated the attention of the present-day researchers to come up with new management options. According to WHO, early detection, timely diagnosis and comprehensive breast cancer management are the three cornerstones for controlling breast cancer incidences per year. Multidisciplinary theragnostic approaches for simultaneous diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer have further enriched the therapeutic arsenal. Imaging and biopsy play a significant role in the diagnosis of breast cancer. The treatment plan mostly initiates with general surgery or radiation therapy followed up with adjuvant and/or neoadjuvant therapy. Conventional chemotherapeutics in breast cancer suffer from toxicity and lack of site specificity. Bio-safe gold nanoparticles hold sufficient promise for bridging this gap. Diverse phytochemicals-based synthesis routes to arrive at nano-dimensional gold with spotlight on reaction mechanisms, reaction variables, specific advantages, toxicity and their influence in breast cancer conditions are the focus of this work. This review marks the first attempt to explore the potential of phytochemical-derived nano-gold in breast cancer treatment.
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Neoplasias de la Mama , Nanopartículas del Metal , Mama/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Femenino , Oro/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Nanopartículas del Metal/uso terapéutico , Fitoquímicos/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
In this research, the palm oil ester (POE)- based nanoemulsion formulation containing quercetin for pulmonary delivery was developed. The nanoemulsion formulation was prepared by high energy emulsification method and then further optimized using D-optimal mixture design. The concentration effects of the mixture of POE:ricinoleic acid (RC), ratio 1:1 (1.50-4.50 wt.%), lecithin (1.50-2.50 wt.%), Tween 80 (0.50-1.00 wt.%), glycerol (1.50-3.00 wt.%), and water (88.0-94.9 wt.%) towards the droplet size were investigated. The results showed that the optimum formulation with 1.50 wt.% POE:RC, 1.50 wt.% lecithin, 1.50 wt.% Tween 80, 1.50 wt.% glycerol and 93.90 % water was obtained. The droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential of the optimized formulation were 110.3 nm, 0.290 and ï¼37.7 mV, respectively. The formulation also exhibited good stability against storage at 4â for 90 days. In vitro aerosols delivery evaluation showed that the aerosols output, aerosols rate and median mass aerodynamic diameter of the optimized nanoemulsion were 99.31%, 0.19 g/min and 4.25 µm, respectively. The characterization of physical properties and efficiency for aerosols delivery results suggest that POE- based nanoemulsion containing quercetin has the potential to be used for pulmonary delivery specifically for lung cancer treatment.
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Aerosoles , Composición de Medicamentos/métodos , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Emulsiones , Ésteres , Pulmón , Nanomedicina , Aceite de Palma , Quercetina , Estabilidad de Medicamentos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Nanopartículas , Tamaño de la Partícula , Temperatura , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Microbial anti-cancer enzymes have been proven to be effective and economical agents for cancer treatment. Aeromonas veronii has been identified as a microorganism with the potential to produce L-glutaminase, an anticancer agent effective against acute lymphocytic leukaemia. In this study, a selective medium of Aeromonas veronii was used to culture the microorganism. Strain improvement was done by adaptive and induced mutational techniques. A selective minimal agar media was incorporated for the growth of the strain which further supports adaptive mutation. Strains were also UV-irradiated and successively treated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine to find a resilient strain capable of producing L-glutaminase efficiently. The Plackett-Burman design and central composite designs were used to screen and optimize additional carbon and nitrogen sources. Adaptive mutation resulted in promising yield improvements compared to native strain (P<0.001). The mean yield of 30 treated colonies from the induced mutation was significantly increased compared to the non-induced strain (P< 0.001). The economically feasible statistical designs were found to reinforce each other in order to maximize the yield of the enzyme. The interactions of nutrient factors were understood from the 3D response surface plots. The model was found to be a perfect fit in terms of maximizing enzyme yield, with the productivity improving at every stage to a fourfold output of enzyme (591.11 ±7.97 IU/mL) compared to the native strain (135±3.51 IU/mL).
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Adaptación Biológica , Aeromonas veronii/enzimología , Aeromonas veronii/genética , Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Glutaminasa/biosíntesis , Glutaminasa/genética , Mutación , Análisis de Varianza , Secuencia de Bases , Análisis Mutacional de ADNRESUMEN
The experimental study presents a brief and comprehensive perspective on the methods of developing a Level A in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) for extended oral dosage forms of water-insoluble drug domperidone. The study also evaluates the validity and predictability of in vitro-in vivo correlation using the convolution technique by one-compartmental first-order kinetic equation. The IVIVC can be substituted as a surrogate for in vivo bioavailability study for the documentation of bioequivalence studies as mandatory from any regulatory authorities. The in vitro drug release studies for different formulations (fast, moderate, slow) were conducted in different dissolution mediums. The f (2) metric (similarity factor) was used to analyze the dissolution data for determination of the most discriminating dissolution method. The in vivo pharmacokinetics parameters of all the formulations were determined by using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) methods. The absorption rate constant and percentage of absorption of drugs at different time intervals were calculated by using data convolution. In vitro drug release and in vivo absorption correlation were found to be a linear correlation model, which was developed by using percent absorbed drug release versus percent drug dissolved from the three formulations. Internal and external validation was performed to validate the IVIVC. Predicted domperidone concentrations were obtained by convolution technique using first-order one-compartmental fitting equation. Prediction errors estimated for C (max) and AUC (0-infinity) were found to be within the limit.
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Domperidona/farmacocinética , Disponibilidad Biológica , Preparaciones de Acción Retardada , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos Biológicos , Solubilidad , AguaRESUMEN
The applicability of microwave non-destructive testing (NDT) technique in characterization of matrix property of pharmaceutical films was investigated. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and loratadine were selected as model matrix polymer and drug, respectively. Both blank and drug loaded hydroxypropylmethylcellulose films were prepared using the solvent-evaporation method and were conditioned at the relative humidity of 25, 50 and 75% prior to physicochemical characterization using microwave NDT technique as well as ultraviolet spectrophotometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques. The results indicated that blank hydroxypropylmethylcellulose film exhibited a greater propensity of polymer-polymer interaction at the O-H and C-H domains of the polymer chains upon conditioned at a lower level of relative humidity. In the case of loratadine loaded films, a greater propensity of polymer-polymer and/or drug-polymer interaction via the O-H moiety was mediated in samples conditioned at the lower level of relative humidity, and via the C-H moiety when 50% relative humidity was selected as the condition for sample storage. Apparently, the absorption and transmission characteristics of both blank and drug loaded films for microwave varied with the state of polymer-polymer and/or drug-polymer interaction involving the O-H and C-H moieties. The measurement of microwave NDT test at 8GHz was sensitive to the chemical environment involving O-H moiety while it was greatly governed by the C-H moiety in test conducted at a higher frequency band of microwave. Similar observation was obtained with respect to the profiles of microwave NDT measurements against the state of polymer-polymer and/or drug-polymer interaction of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose films containing chlorpheniramine maleate. The microwave NDT measurement is potentially suitable for use as an apparent indicator of the state of polymer-polymer and drug-polymer interaction of the matrix.