RESUMEN
Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are known to possess unique characteristics, which allow them to overcome a number of issues that plague traditional fluorescence probes. UCNPs have been employed in a variety of applications, but it is arguably in the realm of optical sensors where they have shown the most promise. Biomolecule conjugated UCNPs-based fluorescence probes have been developed to detect and quantify a wide range of analytes, from metal ions to biomolecules, with great specificity and sensitivity. In this review, we have given much emphasis on the recent trends and progress in the preparation strategies of bioconjugated UCNPs and their potential application as fluorescence sensors in the trace level detection of food industry-based toxicants and adulterants. The paper discusses the preparation and functionalisation strategies of commonly used biomolecules over the surface of UCNPs. The use of different sensing strategies namely heterogenous and homogenous assays, underlying fluorescence mechanisms in the detection process of food adulterants are summarized in detail. This review might set a precedent for future multidisciplinary research including the development of novel biomolecules conjugated UCNPs for potential applications in food science and technology.
RESUMEN
A rapid, simple, and reliable determination method for salbutamol in pork was developed with immunoaffinity column (IAC) extraction followed by HPLC analysis. The salbutamol immunoaffinity column was prepared by coupling CNBr-activated Sepharose-4B with the anti-salbutamol polyclonal antibody which was purified by caprylic acid-ammonium sulfate. The coupling rate of the antibody and Sepharose-4B was 98.6%, and the dynamic column capacity of IAC was 400 ng/mL gel. The average recoveries of salbutamol from spiked pork samples at levels of 2, 10, 20, and 50 ng/g ranged from 83.3% to 92.2%, with the relative standard deviations of 2.8-7.0% (n=5), and the limits of detection and qualification were 0.25 ng/g and 0.5 ng/g, respectively.