RESUMEN
Approximately 240 million people worldwide are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), which represents a significant challenge to public health. The current goal in treating chronic HBV infection is to block progression of HBV-related liver injury and inflammation to end-stage liver diseases, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, because we are unable to eliminate chronic HBV infection. Available therapies for chronic HBV infection mainly include nucleos/tide analogues (NAs), non-NAs, and immunomodulatory agents. However, none of them is able to clear chronic HBV infection. Thus, a new generation of anti-HBV drugs is urgently needed. Progress has been made in the development and testing of new therapeutics against chronic HBV infection. This review aims to summarize the state of the art in new HBV drug research and development and to forecast research and development trends and directions in the near future.
Asunto(s)
Antivirales/aislamiento & purificación , Antivirales/farmacología , Virus de la Hepatitis B/efectos de los fármacos , Hepatitis B Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Aprobación de Drogas , Descubrimiento de Drogas/tendencias , Humanos , Guías de Práctica Clínica como AsuntoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Vancomycin is frequently used in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). OBJECTIVES: To determine MRSA infection status and the use of vancomycin in its treatment at a teaching hospital in China. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 140 cases of MRSA infection that were treated from January 2013 to October 2014. We analyzed the etiology of MRSA infection and the use of vancomycin in these cases. RESULTS: MRSA infection mainly occurred in elderly patients concomitant with a variety of diseases, which incidence was more in men than women. More cases of MRSA infection were encountered in the ICU than in other departments. The positive culture results for MRSA were obtained in the sputum (38.57%), pharyngeal swab (19.29%), blood (5.71%), and wound secretion (11.43%) samples. The MRSA patients were sensitive to vancomycin, with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) being 1 µg/mL in 53.80% of the cases and 2 µg/mL in 44.10% of the cases, respectively. Among the 35 (25%) cases treated with vancomycin, 23 were cured, while 3 died and 7 (20%) were considered as an unreasonable application. CONCLUSIONS: MRSA infection mainly appeared in patients admitted to the ICU. The MIC of vancomycin had a tendency to increase gradually.