RESUMEN
Preventing the spread of COVID-19 in long-term care homes is critical for the health of residents who live in these institutions. As a result, broad policies restricting visits to these facilities were put in place internationally. While well meaning, these policies have exacerbated the ongoing social isolation crisis present in long-term care homes prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. This perspective highlights the dominant COVID-19 LTC policies from six countries, and proposes five strategies to address or mitigate social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic that can also be applied in a post-pandemic world.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19/epidemiología , Política de Salud , Internacionalidad , Cuidados a Largo Plazo/estadística & datos numéricos , Casas de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Aislamiento Social/psicología , Brasil , China , Humanos , América del NorteRESUMEN
The study examined gender differences in the impact of living alone and intergenerational support on depressive symptoms among Mexican American older adults. The sample included 335 parent-adult child pairs which are nested within 92 Mexican American respondents, because each respondent reported their specific relationships with each child. Clustered regression analysis showed gender differences in the impact of living alone and intergenerational support on depressive symptoms among Mexican American older adults. In general, older men provided and received less intergenerational support than older women, but their depressive symptoms were more susceptible to living alone and different types of intergenerational support. Factors such as living alone, receiving instrumental support were associated with more depressive symptoms in older men than inolder women, whereas older men benefited more from the emotional closeness with children than older women. The findings highlight the need for a gender-specific approach to future research on this topic.
Asunto(s)
Hijos Adultos/etnología , Envejecimiento/etnología , Depresión/etnología , Relaciones Intergeneracionales , Americanos Mexicanos/psicología , Relaciones Padres-Hijo , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Vida Independiente , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
This study examined the association between widowhood and depressive symptoms and the extent to which the association is contingent upon risk and resiliency, including immigration status, functional limitations, financial strains, and intergenerational support, among older Mexican Americans. The sample included 344 parent-child pairs reported by 83 respondents. Clustered regression analysis showed that widowhood elevated risks for depressive symptoms. We found that having some functional limitations, having more children and living in the same city with children exacerbated the adverse effects of widowhood on depressive symptoms. We also found that living in the same city with children increased the detrimental effects of widowhood on the depressive symptoms in men, whereas we did not find this pattern in women. The findings highlight the heterogeneity within the widowed Mexican American older adults. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento/etnología , Depresión/etnología , Matrimonio/etnología , Americanos Mexicanos/psicología , Resiliencia Psicológica , Viudez/etnología , Anciano , Envejecimiento/psicología , Depresión/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Relaciones Intergeneracionales , Masculino , Matrimonio/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , República de Corea/etnología , Apoyo Social , Estados Unidos , Viudez/economía , Viudez/psicologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To examine racial/ethnic disparities in oral health among older Americans. METHODS: Differences in frequency of edentulism and number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth were assessed in 2,679 non-Hispanic white, 742 non-Hispanic black, and 934 Mexican-American individuals aged 60 and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2004). RESULTS: Controlling for potential confounding variables, blacks and Mexican-Americans had significantly higher numbers of decayed teeth but fewer numbers of filled teeth than whites. Although blacks had a lower likelihood of being edentulous than whites, dentate blacks had a higher number of missing teeth. Compared with whites, Mexican-Americans were less likely to be edentulous, and dentate Mexican-Americans had fewer missing teeth. Our study also showed that blacks and Mexican-Americans had less frequent dental checkups than whites. CONCLUSIONS: Oral health disparities are persistent across racial/ethnic groups for older Americans despite the fact that the differences between groups typically diminish when socioeconomic, health-related, and behavioral factors are considered in the models. Our study suggests that reducing racial/ethnic oral health disparities requires multiple clinical approaches.
Asunto(s)
Negro o Afroamericano/estadística & datos numéricos , Caries Dental/epidemiología , Americanos Mexicanos/estadística & datos numéricos , Boca Edéntula/epidemiología , Población Blanca/estadística & datos numéricos , Actividades Cotidianas , Anciano , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Índice CPO , Atención Odontológica/estadística & datos numéricos , Restauración Dental Permanente/estadística & datos numéricos , Escolaridad , Femenino , Disparidades en Atención de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Renta/estadística & datos numéricos , Seguro Odontológico/estadística & datos numéricos , Arcada Parcialmente Edéntula/epidemiología , Masculino , Estado Civil , Medicaid/estadística & datos numéricos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Actividad Motora , Salud Bucal/estadística & datos numéricos , Pobreza/estadística & datos numéricos , Fumar/epidemiología , Apoyo Social , Pérdida de Diente/epidemiología , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
An imaging mass spectrometric method using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was developed to determine Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg and Pb and metal distribution in longitudinal tissue sections of the marine snail Nassarius reticulatus (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia). Snails were sampled in northern Brittany (France) at three stations with different contamination levels. The quantification of metal distribution (imaging or mapping) in a thin slice of the snail tissue was carried out using different strategies: by one-point calibration and via matrix-matched laboratory standards using different biological materials (BCR 278, snail tissue, and rat brain). Together with the imaging of metals the distribution of two non-metals (carbon and sulfur) was analyzed. The imaging LA-ICP-MS analysis yielded an inhomogeneous distribution for all elements investigated. The detection limits for the distribution analysis of Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg and Pb measured by LA-ICP-MS were in the low microg g(-1) range.