RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To study the correlation between knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of antibiotic consumption with epidemiology and molecular characteristics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) carriage, in order to identify modifiable factors and public health interventions to reduce prevalence of multidrug-resistant organism colonisation in the community. DESIGN: Cross-sectional questionnaire of KAP towards antibiotic use and collection of stool samples or rectal swabs. ESBL-PE isolates obtained underwent whole genome sequencing to identify resistance genes. SETTING: A densely populated community in Singapore. PARTICIPANTS: There were 693 healthy community-dwelling questionnaire respondents. Out of which, 305 provided stool samples or rectal swabs. RESULTS: The overall knowledge of antibiotic use was poor (mean score 4.6/10, IQR 3.0-6.0). 80 participants (80/305, 26.2%) carried at least one ESBL-PE isolate. The most common ESBL-PE was Escherichia coli sequence type 131 carrying CTX-M type beta-lactamases (11/71, 15.5%). Living overseas for >1 year (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.6 to 6.9) but not short-term travel, recent hospitalisation or antibiotic intake was associated with ESBL-PE carriage. Interestingly, higher knowledge scores (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.03 to 3.9) and having no leftover antibiotics (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2 to 4.9) were independent factors associated with ESBL-PE carriage in the multivariate logistic regression model. CONCLUSIONS: While the role of trans-border transmission of antimicrobial resistance is well known, we may have to examine the current recommendation that all antibiotics courses have to be completed. Clinical trials to determine the optimum duration of treatment for common infections are critically important.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Portador Sano/epidemiología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/epidemiología , Enterobacteriaceae/aislamiento & purificación , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Adulto , Anciano , Portador Sano/microbiología , Estudios Transversales , Enterobacteriaceae/efectos de los fármacos , Enterobacteriaceae/enzimología , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiología , Escherichia coli/enzimología , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/aislamiento & purificación , Heces/microbiología , Femenino , Tracto Gastrointestinal/microbiología , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Singapur/epidemiología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , beta-LactamasasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: To compare the presentations and outcomes of anti-HBc seropositive Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HBc-HCC) with anti-HBc seronegative (NHBc-HCC) patients in HBsAg negative Non-HBV Non-HCV (NBNC-HCC) HCC population. METHODS: 515 newly diagnosed HCC patients from January 2011 to September 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. 145 (66.5%) NHBc-HCC and 73 (33.5%) HBc-HCC patients were identified. Patient demographics, disease characteristics, details of treatments, recurrence and survival outcomes were analysed. RESULTS: A significantly lower proportion of HBc-HCC patients were diagnosed through surveillence (6.8% vs 26.2%, p = 0.001). HBc-HCC patients were less likely cirrhotic (p < 0.001), portal hypertensive (p < 0.001), ascitic (p = 0.008) and thrombocytopenic (p = 0.003). A higher proportion of HBc-HCC patients had treatment with curative intent (46.6% vs 30.3%, p = 0.018) and surgery (39.7% vs 16.6%, p < 0.001). Although HBc-HCC patients had larger median tumor size (74.0 mm vs 55.0 mm, p = 0.016) with a greater proportion of patients having tumors ≥5 cm, there was no difference in the overall median survival (19.0 months vs 22.0 months, p = 0.919) and recurrence rates (38.2% vs 40.9%). CONCLUSION: Isolated anti-HBc seropositivity in HbsAg negative patients tend to present incidentally with delayed diagnoses resulting in larger tumors, but their long-term survival remain comparable.