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1.
Opt Express ; 16(9): 5965-73, 2008 Apr 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18545297

RESUMEN

Using confocal Raman and fluorescence spectroscopic imaging in 3-dimensions, we show direct evidence of inhomogeneous Nd(3+) distribution across grain boundaries (GBs) in Nd(3+):YAG laser ceramics. It is clearly shown that Nd(3+) segregation takes place at GBs leading to self-fluorescence quenching which affects a volume fraction as high as 20%. In addition, we show a clear trend of increasing spatial inhomogeneities in Nd(3+) concentration when the doping levels exceeds 3 at%, which is not detected by standard spectrometry techniques. These results could point the way to further improvements in what is already an impressive class of ceramic laser materials.


Asunto(s)
Cerámica/química , Rayos Láser , Espectrometría de Fluorescencia , Espectrometría Raman , Temperatura
2.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 102(33): 11600-5, 2005 Aug 16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16087878

RESUMEN

Biological systems are known to be highly transparent to 700- to 1,100-nm near-infrared (NIR) light. It is shown here that the strong optical absorbance of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in this special spectral window, an intrinsic property of SWNTs, can be used for optical stimulation of nanotubes inside living cells to afford multifunctional nanotube biological transporters. For oligonucleotides transported inside living cells by nanotubes, the oligos can translocate into cell nucleus upon endosomal rupture triggered by NIR laser pulses. Continuous NIR radiation can cause cell death because of excessive local heating of SWNT in vitro. Selective cancer cell destruction can be achieved by functionalization of SWNT with a folate moiety, selective internalization of SWNTs inside cells labeled with folate receptor tumor markers, and NIR-triggered cell death, without harming receptor-free normal cells. Thus, the transporting capabilities of carbon nanotubes combined with suitable functionalization chemistry and their intrinsic optical properties can lead to new classes of novel nanomaterials for drug delivery and cancer therapy.


Asunto(s)
Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos/instrumentación , Rayos Infrarrojos , Nanotubos de Carbono , Neoplasias/patología , Neoplasias/radioterapia , Muerte Celular/efectos de la radiación , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de la radiación , Células HeLa , Humanos , Rayos Láser , Ligandos , Microscopía Confocal , Estructura Molecular , Oligonucleótidos/metabolismo , Fosfolípidos , Polietilenglicoles/metabolismo , Especificidad por Sustrato
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