RESUMEN
Certain constructs are demonstrated in the research literature to be related to HIV risk behaviors among African American adolescents. This study examines how well these constructs are addressed in evidence-based interventions (EBIs) developed for this population. A literature review on variables for sexual risk behaviors among African American adolescents was undertaken. Simultaneously, a review was conducted of the contents of HIV-prevention EBIs. To facilitate comparison, findings from both were organized into constructs from prominent behavior change theories. Analysis showed that environmental conditions and perceived norms were frequently associated with sexual risk behaviors in the literature, while EBIs devoted considerable time to knowledge, skills, and self-efficacy. Findings imply that (a) EBIs might be complemented with activities that focus on important constructs identified in the literature and (b) researchers should better assess the relationship between skill development and HIV risk behaviors. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Conducta del Adolescente/etnología , Negro o Afroamericano/psicología , Infecciones por VIH/prevención & control , Asunción de Riesgos , Conducta Sexual/etnología , Adolescente , Práctica Clínica Basada en la Evidencia , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/etnología , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos Teóricos , Autoeficacia , Medio Social , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
This study uses qualitative methods to examine how domestic violence affects the use of contraceptives by women in a rural village in India. The study highlights how multilevel factors are linked to a woman's ability to contracept and make fertility decisions in a context where being a wife implies obedience, limited mobility, sexual availability, and high fertility. The authors find that violence is normalized, or considered acceptable, if women do not adhere to expected gender roles. Although women's ability to make autonomous decisions is shown to be limited, the study explores covert strategies used to avoid pregnancy, which also tend to increase women's risk of experiencing domestic violence.
Asunto(s)
Mujeres Maltratadas/estadística & datos numéricos , Conducta Anticonceptiva/etnología , Población Rural/estadística & datos numéricos , Percepción Social , Maltrato Conyugal/etnología , Salud de la Mujer/etnología , Adulto , Características Culturales , Femenino , Humanos , India/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valores Sociales , Factores Socioeconómicos , Esposos/etnología , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
This Letter describes the synthesis and SAR, developed through an iterative analogue library approach, of a novel series of selective M1 mAChR antagonists for the potential treatment of Parkinson's disease, dystonia and other movement disorders. Compounds in this series possess M1 antagonist IC(50)s in the 441nM-19microM range with 8- to >340-fold functional selectivity versus rM2-rM5.