RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Military veterans who interpret their own or others' actions as moral transgressions are theorized to experience moral distress. The purpose of this study was to explore patterns of moral distress and associated psychological, social, and religious or spiritual problems among student veterans. METHOD: Student veterans (N = 498) retrospectively reported experiences of moral distress associated with deployment-related events in which they felt (a) troubled by what they witnessed, (b) troubled by what they did, (c) troubled by what they failed to do, (d) betrayed by military leaders, or (e) betrayed by fellow service members. RESULTS: Latent profile analysis revealed 5 response patterns: No Moral Distress (42%), Witnessing-Only (16%), Moral Distress-Other (19%; encompassing distress mostly from being betrayed by others), Moral Distress-Self (8%; encompassing distress mostly from one's own actions or inactions), and Moral Distress-Self and Other (15%). We compared scores on measures of posttraumatic stress, familial or social functioning, and religious or spiritual struggles between profiles and observed moderate to large differences. CONCLUSIONS: Whereas participants reported some problems (e.g., interpersonal conflict) regardless of whether they were exposed to a morally injurious event by witnessing, perpetrating, or being betrayed, in comparison to those reporting no moral distress, those who felt responsible for the event reported greater guilt and lack of purpose and those who held others responsible for the event reported greater posttraumatic stress. Participants who endorsed feeling betrayed by others' and troubled by their own actions reported multiple problems including posttraumatic stress, interpersonal difficulties, and religious or spiritual struggles. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Asunto(s)
Principios Morales , Distrés Psicológico , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/psicología , Veteranos/psicología , Adulto , Análisis Factorial , Relaciones Familiares/psicología , Femenino , Culpa , Humanos , Relaciones Interpersonales , Análisis de Clases Latentes , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Personal Militar/psicología , Religión , Estudios Retrospectivos , Interacción Social , Espiritualidad , Estudiantes/psicología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The present study explored acts of omission (i.e., inactions) among military service members. We also investigated whether the meanings and interpretations that service members assign to their actions and inactions, particularly alterations to their conceptualization of themselves, others, and the world (i.e., altered worldviews) would be associated with psychological problems (specifically, depression, suicidality, posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD], and alcohol use). METHOD: A sample of 50 Iraq/Afghanistan military veterans (8% female) completed questionnaires measuring their (in)actions and the meanings and interpretations attached to those (in)actions. They also completed questionnaires measuring PTSD, depression, suicidality, alcohol use, and combat/postcombat experience. RESULTS: Higher levels of acts of omission were associated with higher levels of altered worldviews and psychological problems. Altered worldviews were strongly associated with PTSD, depression, and suicidality, even after taking into account age, gender, combat/postcombat experiences, and guilt/shame. CONCLUSION: Altered worldviews and acts of omission were strongly associated with psychological problems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Asunto(s)
Trastornos Mentales , Veteranos/psicología , Adulto , Campaña Afgana 2001- , Femenino , Culpa , Humanos , Guerra de Irak 2003-2011 , Masculino , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Principios Morales , Exposición a la Guerra , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The major aims of this study were to examine how, if at all, having higher levels of PTSD would be associated with performance on a facial affect recognition task in which facial expressions of emotion are superimposed on emotionally valenced, non-face images. College students with trauma histories (Nâ¯=â¯90) completed a facial affect recognition task as well as measures of exposure to traumatic events, and PTSD symptoms. When the face and context matched, participants with higher levels of PTSD were significantly more accurate. When the face and context were mismatched, participants with lower levels of PTSD were more accurate than were those with higher levels of PTSD. These findings suggest that PTSD is associated with how people process affective information. Furthermore, these results suggest that the enhanced attention of people with higher levels of PTSD to affective information can be either beneficial or detrimental to their ability to accurately identify facial expressions of emotion. Limitations, future directions and clinical implications are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Afecto , Expresión Facial , Reconocimiento Facial , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/diagnóstico , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/psicología , Adolescente , Adulto , Afecto/fisiología , Atención/fisiología , Cognición/fisiología , Emociones/fisiología , Reconocimiento Facial/fisiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Coordinated School Health (CSH) is a systematic approach to improving the health and well-being of school-age children. It is recommended for its potential to promote healthy weight in adolescents through strategic programming. Resources and programming for adolescent obesity prevention varies among schools, thereby limiting the intended benefits of CSH. The purpose of this study was to understand gaps in schools' approaches to healthy weight promotion and support for overweight/obese students. We evaluated perceptions of adolescent obesity and environmental factors and programs facilitating healthy weight in high schools in Appalachian Tennessee. METHODS: In 2012, 17 key school personnel from 5 randomly selected high schools were interviewed. Questions addressed their perceptions of adolescent obesity, school-based physical activity and nutrition programming, and support available to overweight/obese students. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify emerging themes. RESULTS: Participants consistently identified adolescent obesity and/or associated risk factors as major health problems within their schools. Barriers to physical activity and healthful eating were identified at multiple levels. Because of the sensitivity surrounding overweight/obesity, no particular programs or curricula targeted overweight/obese adolescents specifically, but they were available to all students. Support is not explicitly available; therefore, overweight/obese students must seek out these resources. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that although school personnel are concerned about the impact of adolescent obesity on health outcomes, there is wide variation across schools on the types and quality of programming available to address the issue. Results can be used to encourage school-based strengths and identify gaps in the CSH infrastructure in school systems.