RESUMEN
Fluorescent probes targeted at 16S rRNA were designed for Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and Peptostreptococcus stomatis (Pana134), Parvimonas micra (Pamic1435), Finegoldia magna (Fmag1250), Peptoniphilus asaccharolyticus (Pnasa1254), Peptoniphilus ivorii (Pnivo731), Peptoniphilus harei (Pnhar1466), Anaerococcus vaginalis (Avag1280) and Anaerococcus lactolyticus (Alac1438), based on the 16S rRNA sequences of reference strains and 88 randomly chosen clinical isolates. These strains were also used for validation of the probes. Application of the probes to an additional group of 100 clinical isolates revealed that 87% of Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) could be identified with this set of probes. The 16S rRNAs of 13 clinical isolates that could not be identified were sequenced. Most of these isolates were GPAC that were not targeted by the probes. No clinical isolates of Pn. asaccharolyticus were encountered. Near full-length sequences were obtained from 71 of 101 (n = 88 + 13) sequenced clinical isolates. Of these, 25 showed <98% similarity with the homologues of the closest established species. The Fmag1250, Pamic1435, Pnhar1466, Pana134, Pnasa1254 and Pnivo731 probes allowed reliable identification and hybridised with all corresponding isolates. The Avag1280 and Alac1438 probes failed to hybridise with two isolates and one isolate, respectively, because of intra-species variation. However, overall, the set of probes yielded fast and reliable identification for the majority of clinical isolates.
Asunto(s)
Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana/métodos , Colorantes Fluorescentes , Cocos Grampositivos/clasificación , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Anaerobiosis , ADN Bacteriano/análisis , ADN Ribosómico , Infecciones por Bacterias Grampositivas/microbiología , Cocos Grampositivos/genética , Cocos Grampositivos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Cocos Grampositivos/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Filogenia , Estándares de Referencia , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Accumulating data suggest that the gut immune system plays a role in the development of type 1 diabetes. The intestinal flora is essential for the development of the (gut) immune system and the establishment of tolerance. It has been reported that oral administration of food and bacterial antigens early in life suppresses later development of diabetes in the Bio-Breeding diabetes-prone (BB-DP) rat. This study was designed to investigate the possible relationship between the development of diabetes and the composition of intestinal flora. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The intestinal flora of BB-DP rats, a rat model for type 1 diabetes, was characterised long before the clinical onset of diabetes by fluorescent in situ hybridisation. In a separate experiment, BB-DP rats were treated with antibiotics and the effect on diabetes incidence and level of insulitis was analysed. RESULTS: We observed a difference in bacterial composition between rats that eventually did and those that did not develop diabetes. This difference was detectable long before clinical onset of the disease. Rats that did not develop diabetes at a later age displayed a lower amount of Bacteroides sp. Modulation of the intestinal flora through antibiotic treatment decreased the incidence and delayed the onset of diabetes. A combination of antibiotic treatment and a protective hydrolysed casein diet completely prevented diabetes in the BB-DP rat. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Our data suggest that the intestinal flora is involved in the development of type 1 diabetes. Factors influencing composition of the intestinal flora could be a target for therapeutic intervention.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/prevención & control , Intestinos/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Bacteroides/efectos de los fármacos , Bacteroides/genética , Bacteroides/crecimiento & desarrollo , Caseínas/administración & dosificación , Caseínas/farmacología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/microbiología , Femenino , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , Intestinos/microbiología , Masculino , Microscopía Fluorescente , Estado Prediabético/microbiología , Estado Prediabético/prevención & control , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas BBRESUMEN
A case of Lemierre's syndrome is reported. Although Fusobacterium species are commonly associated with this presentation, Prevotella bivia was the causative micro-organism identified in this case. The finding that disseminated anaerobic sepsis followed primary EBV infection led to the construction of a hypothetical model of infection.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Bacteroidaceae/complicaciones , Absceso Encefálico/microbiología , Mononucleosis Infecciosa/complicaciones , Prevotella/aislamiento & purificación , Adolescente , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Infecciones por Bacteroidaceae/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Bacteroidaceae/microbiología , Absceso Encefálico/diagnóstico , Absceso Encefálico/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , HumanosRESUMEN
The prevalence of antibiotic resistant Enterococcus faecalis was determined in fecal samples of 263 patients admitted to the surgical wards of three university-affiliated hospitals on admission, at discharge, and at 1 and 6 months after discharge. A slight increase in the prevalence of antibiotic resistance of E. faecalis was found at discharge for the antibiotics tested compared to those on admission, vancomycin excepted. At 6 months after discharge, the prevalence of resistance for amoxicillin (0%), ciprofloxacin (3%), erythromycin (47%), and oxytetracycline (60%) decreased to the level on admission (respectively 0%, 8%, 45%, and 64%). Gentamicin resistance was the same at discharge (10%) as 1 month later (12%), but decreased 6 months after discharge (8%) to the level on admission (7%). In conclusion, hospitalization resulted in the study population in a slight increase in the prevalence of resistant fecal E. faecalis isolates at discharge, which decreased again (slowly) to the level on admission 6 months after discharge. Thus, the influence of hospitalization on the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in the extramural situation disappears between 1 and 6 months after discharge in this population.