Asunto(s)
Conducta Infantil/psicología , Implantación Coclear/métodos , Sordera/psicología , Sordera/cirugía , Inteligencia Emocional/fisiología , Factores de Edad , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Preescolar , Implantes Cocleares , Sordera/congénito , Emoción Expresada/fisiología , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Análisis Multivariante , Valores de Referencia , Medición de Riesgo , MuestreoAsunto(s)
Implantación Coclear/estadística & datos numéricos , Sordera/cirugía , Atención a la Salud , Emigración e Inmigración/estadística & datos numéricos , Disparidades en Atención de Salud/tendencias , Factores de Edad , Niño , Preescolar , Implantación Coclear/métodos , Estudios Transversales , Sordera/diagnóstico , Sordera/etnología , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Entrevistas como Asunto , Masculino , Evaluación de Necesidades , Países Bajos , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Tiempo , TurquíaRESUMEN
The aim of this study is to identify the social psychological determinants of the use of performance-enhancing drugs by gym users who practice bodybuilding, fitness, powerlifting or combat sports. In this questionnaire-based study, 144 respondents answered questions on their actual use and intention to use such drugs and also on their background characteristics and beliefs, such as their attitudes, social influences and self-efficacy. While all social psychological determinants correlated with intention to use these drugs, the most important predictors were personal norms, beliefs about performance outcomes and the perceived behavior of others. Non-users held more restrictive norms about using performance-enhancing drugs, were less optimistic about the performance-enhancing outcomes and believed that fewer significant others used performance-enhancing drugs than users and ex-users. The results of this study indicate that users attribute advantages to performance-enhancing drugs and are inclined to overlook the risks of using them. Preventive interventions should focus on influencing personal norms and social processes.
Asunto(s)
Anabolizantes , Doping en los Deportes/psicología , Ejercicio Físico/psicología , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Actitud , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Autoeficacia , Factores Sexuales , Medio SocialRESUMEN
This study examines the effects of a systematically designed innovation strategy on teachers' implementation of a sex education curriculum and its related determinants. A quasi-experimental group design was used to assess the effectiveness of the innovation strategy. Teachers filled in questionnaires on the determinants of curriculum implementation and kept a record of their actual use of the curriculum. We measured several determinants, including teachers' curriculum-related beliefs, characteristics of the interactive context and characteristics of the innovation strategy. Participating teachers (n=109) carried out most of the activities they were supposed to (81%). Multiple linear regression indicated that their outcome beliefs and perceived instrumentality of the curriculum best predicted extent of use of the curriculum (R2=0.23). The innovation strategy had a positive impact not only on extent of use (18.4 activities versus 15.8 activities; t=2.3, P<0.05), but also on teachers' curriculum-related beliefs. It can be concluded that a systematically designed innovation strategy has the potential to produce significant changes in classroom-based sex-education practices. Not only did teachers exposed to the innovation strategy implement more of the curriculum than teachers in the control group, also teachers' beliefs and expectations about student learning constituting their classroom behavior changed accordingly.