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Littoral cell angioma is an extremely rare splenic vascular tumor originating from the cells lining the splenic red pulp sinuses. Approximately 150 cases of littoral cell angioma have been reported since 1991. Its clinical manifestation is usually asymptomatic and is mostly diagnosed as an incidental finding through abdominal imaging. Herein, we present a case of littoral cell angioma in a 41-year-old woman with no previous comorbidities, which initially presented as a nonspecific splenic lesion diagnosed on imaging in the emergency room. The patient was treated through laparoscopic intervention.

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ABSTRACT Littoral cell angioma is an extremely rare splenic vascular tumor originating from the cells lining the splenic red pulp sinuses. Approximately 150 cases of littoral cell angioma have been reported since 1991. Its clinical manifestation is usually asymptomatic and is mostly diagnosed as an incidental finding through abdominal imaging. Herein, we present a case of littoral cell angioma in a 41-year-old woman with no previous comorbidities, which initially presented as a nonspecific splenic lesion diagnosed on imaging in the emergency room. The patient was treated through laparoscopic intervention.

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BACKGROUND: The prevalence of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) in the general population has not yet been clearly established. The management of PSC should focus on delaying the progression of the disease and restraining its complications. The only curative therapy for the disease remains liver transplantation (LT). PSC is currently the fifth most common indication for LT and corresponds to 5% of all LT indications in adults. AIMS: Our objective is to evaluate the indications and outcomes of PSC patients undergoing LT in three liver transplantation centers in southern Brazil - Hospital Santa Isabel in Blumenau, Santa Catarina state, and Hospital das Clínicas and Hospital Nossa Senhora das Graças, in Curitiba, Parana state). METHODS: This is a longitudinal observational study of patients with PSC who underwent LT in three major Brazilian medical centers. Electronic medical records and study protocols of all patients subjected to LT from January 2011 to December 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Of the 1,362 transplants performed in the three medical centers, 37 were due to PSC. Recurrence of PSC occurred in three patients (8.1%) in 3.0±2.4 years (range, 1-4 years). The 1-year and 5-year survival rates after the first LT were 83.8 and 80.6%, respectively. The 1-year and 5-year graft survival rates were, respectively, 83.8 and 74.8%. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience with LT in patients with PSC demonstrated good patient and graft survival results. Most deaths were due to common factors in patients undergoing LT.

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The prevalence of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) in the general population has not yet been clearly established. The management of PSC should focus on delaying the progression of the disease and restraining its complications. The only curative therapy for the disease remains liver transplantation (LT). PSC is currently the fifth most common indication for LT and corresponds to 5% of all LT indications in adults. AIMS: Our objective is to evaluate the indications and outcomes of PSC patients undergoing LT in three liver transplantation centers in southern Brazil - Hospital Santa Isabel in Blumenau, Santa Catarina state, and Hospital das Clínicas and Hospital Nossa Senhora das Graças, in Curitiba, Parana state). METHODS: This is a longitudinal observational study of patients with PSC who underwent LT in three major Brazilian medical centers. Electronic medical records and study protocols of all patients subjected to LT from January 2011 to December 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Of the 1,362 transplants performed in the three medical centers, 37 were due to PSC. Recurrence of PSC occurred in three patients (8.1%) in 3.0±2.4 years (range, 1-4 years). The 1-year and 5-year survival rates after the first LT were 83.8 and 80.6%, respectively. The 1-year and 5-year graft survival rates were, respectively, 83.8 and 74.8%. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience with LT in patients with PSC demonstrated good patient and graft survival results. Most deaths were due to common factors in patients undergoing LT.

RESUMO RACIONAL: A prevalência de colangite esclerosante primária (CEP) na população em geral ainda não foi claramente estabelecida. O manejo da CEP deve se concentrar em retardar a progressão da doença e gerenciar suas complicações. A única terapia curativa para a doença continua sendo o transplante hepático (TH). A CEP é atualmente a 5ª indicação mais comum de TH e corresponde a 5% de todas as indicações de TH em adultos OBJETIVOS: O nosso objetivo é avaliar as indicações e os resultados do transplante de fígado em pacientes com CEP submetidos a TH em três centros de transplante de fígado no sul do Brasil (Hospital Santa Isabel, Blumenau, Santa Catarina; Hospital das Clínicas, Curitiba, Paraná; e Hospital Nossa Senhora das Graças, Curitiba, Paraná). MÉTODOS: Este é um estudo observacional longitudinal de pacientes com colangite esclerosante primária que foram submetidos a transplante hepático em três grandes centros médicos brasileiros. Os prontuários eletrônicos de todos os pacientes submetidos a TH de Janeiro de 2011 a Dezembro de 2021, foram avaliados retrospectivamente. RESULTADOS: De um total de 1.362 transplantes realizados nos três centros médicos, 37 eram devidos à CEP. A recorrência de CEP ocorreu em 3 pacientes (8,1%) em 3±2,4 anos (intervalo, 1-4 anos). A taxa de sobrevida de 1 ano e 5 anos após o 1° TH foi respectivamente de 83,8 e 80,6%. As taxas de sobrevida dos enxertos em 1 ano e 5 anos foram, respectivamente, 83,8 e 74,8%. CONCLUSÕES: A nossa experiência com TH em pacientes com CEP demonstrou bons resultados de sobrevida dos pacientes e dos enxertos. A maioria dos óbitos ocorreu devido a fatores comuns em pacientes submetidos a TH.

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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influence of portal vein ligation in hepatic regeneration by immunohistochemical criteria. METHODS: Ten pigs divided into two groups of five animals underwent hepatectomy in two stages, and the groups were differentiated by ligation or not of the left portal vein tributary, which is responsible for vascularization of the left lateral and medial lobes of the pig liver. Five days after the procedure, the animals underwent liver biopsies for further analysis of histological and immunohistochemical with marker Ki67. RESULTS: The group submitted to hepatectomy with vascular ligation showed an increase of approximately 4% of hepatocytes in regeneration status, as well as a greater presence of Kupffer and inflammatory cells as compared to control. CONCLUSION: As a result of positive cell replication observed through the Ki67 marker, we can suspect that the ligation of a tributary of the portal vein associated with liver resection promoted a greater stimulus of liver regeneration when compared to liver resection alone. OBJETIVO: Analisar a influência da ligadura da tributária da veia porta no estímulo regenerativo hepático por meio de critérios imuno-histoquímicos. MÉTODOS: Dez suínos, divididos em dois grupos de cinco animais, foram submetidos à hepatectomia em dois estágios, sendo que os grupos foram diferenciados pela ligadura ou não da tributária da veia porta, responsável pela vascularização dos lobos lateral e medial esquerdos do fígado do suíno. Cinco dias após o procedimento, os animais foram reabordados para retirada de amostras hepáticas para posterior análise de histológica e imunoistoquímica com o marcador Ki67. RESULTADOS: O grupo submetido à hepatectomia com ligadura vascular apresentou incremento de 4% aproximadamente de hepatócitos em processo de regeneração, bem como grande número de células de Kupffer e células inflamatórias, quando comparado ao controle. CONCLUSÃO: Em virtude da análise positiva da replicação celular observada por meio do marcador Ki67, pode-se observar que a ligadura de uma tributária da veia porta promoveu um maior estímulo de regeneração hepática, efeito observado com menor intensidade no grupo submetido apenas à ressecção hepática.

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ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the influence of portal vein ligation in hepatic regeneration by immunohistochemical criteria. Methods Ten pigs divided into two groups of five animals underwent hepatectomy in two stages, and the groups were differentiated by ligation or not of the left portal vein tributary, which is responsible for vascularization of the left lateral and medial lobes of the pig liver. Five days after the procedure, the animals underwent liver biopsies for further analysis of histological and immunohistochemical with marker Ki67. Results The group submitted to hepatectomy with vascular ligation showed an increase of approximately 4% of hepatocytes in regeneration status, as well as a greater presence of Kupffer and inflammatory cells as compared to control. Conclusion As a result of positive cell replication observed through the Ki67 marker, we can suspect that the ligation of a tributary of the portal vein associated with liver resection promoted a greater stimulus of liver regeneration when compared to liver resection alone.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a influência da ligadura da tributária da veia porta no estímulo regenerativo hepático por meio de critérios imuno-histoquímicos. Métodos Dez suínos, divididos em dois grupos de cinco animais, foram submetidos à hepatectomia em dois estágios, sendo que os grupos foram diferenciados pela ligadura ou não da tributária da veia porta, responsável pela vascularização dos lobos lateral e medial esquerdos do fígado do suíno. Cinco dias após o procedimento, os animais foram reabordados para retirada de amostras hepáticas para posterior análise de histológica e imunoistoquímica com o marcador Ki67. Resultados O grupo submetido à hepatectomia com ligadura vascular apresentou incremento de 4% aproximadamente de hepatócitos em processo de regeneração, bem como grande número de células de Kupffer e células inflamatórias, quando comparado ao controle. Conclusão Em virtude da análise positiva da replicação celular observada por meio do marcador Ki67, pode-se observar que a ligadura de uma tributária da veia porta promoveu um maior estímulo de regeneração hepática, efeito observado com menor intensidade no grupo submetido apenas à ressecção hepática.

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Resection is the only curative treatment option for primary and secondary malignant tumors of the liver. Although curative resection is associated with long-term survival rates, it can only be performed in 10% of patients with primary tumors and 25% of patients with liver metastases. Liver insufficiency is one of the most serious postoperative complications of patients undergoing extensive liver resections. When total liver resection is necessary liver transplant is mandatory, with the burden of long-term immunosuppression and its complications. Among several different strategies to increase the resectability of liver tumors, portal vein occlusion (embolization or ligature), bilateral tumor resection in two stages, and resection combined with loco regional therapy are the most popular. A new strategy for patients with marginally resectable liver tumors previously considered to be unresectable was formally reported by Baumgart et al. in 2011, originally developed by Hans Schlitt in 2007. This technique consists of a two-staged hepatectomy with initial portal vein ligation and in situ splitting of the liver parenchyma, and it is known as ALPPS (associating liver partition with portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy). The aim of this study is to present the first series of pediatric patients with marginally resectable liver tumors previously considered to be unresectable treated with two-stage hepatectomy with initial portal vein ligation and in situ splitting of the liver parenchyma. Two patients were diagnosed with hepatoblastoma, and one each with rhabdomyosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and nodular focal hyperplasia. ALPPS technique was considered whenever the future liver remnant (FLR) was 40% or less of the total liver volume (TLV) determined by CT or MRI scans. The ratio of FLR to TLV before the first procedure ranged from 0.15 to 0.38, with a mean±sd of 0.253±0.07. In all patients, a rapid growth of the FLR was observed. Estimates of the FRL volume prior to surgical treatment ranged from 110cc to 750cc, with a mean±sd of 361.6±213.75cc. Just before the second procedure, the volume of the remnant liver ranged from 225cc to 910cc, with a mean±sd of 563.6cc±221.7cc. The FRL volume increase had a mean±sd of 72.56%±29.05%, with a median of 83.8%. The second procedure was performed after 7 to 12days with a median of 11days. The only postoperative complication observed in one patient was an asymptomatic right pleural effusion that was aspirated during the second procedure with no further complications. ALPPS was shown to be effective and a safe procedure to treat large tumors in children.

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BACKGROUND: Counting the sponges is an important step in surgical procedures. A miscount may impact the patient's health, and it also has legal implications for the surgeon. This is an experimental study evaluating radio-frequency technology used in the perioperative period to identify surgical sponges left in the peritoneal cavity of swine. METHODS: Radio-frequency labeled-disc identification tags were sewn into 40 surgical towels. Twenty labels had the ability to emit radio-frequency waves, and 20 labels were inert to radio-frequency identification. Twenty adult pigs that underwent laparotomy and randomly received two surgical sponges were scanned by a radio-frequency identification antenna. RESULTS: This method presented a positive predictive value of 100% and 100% specificity and sensitivity, as all of the tagged surgical sponges were detected. CONCLUSION: Radio-frequency identification has been proved to be a useful method for the identification of surgical sponges within the abdominal cavities of swine.

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CONTEXT: The elevation of serum amylase and lipase are generally associated with pancreatic diseases. However they can be associated with different pathologies unrelated with amylase and lipase. CASE REPORT: This paper aims to report a case of a patient diagnosed with nonspecific hyperamylasemia and warn of this possibility in the differentiation of hyperamylasemia. CONCLUSION: The correct diagnosis of silent hyperamylasemia is important in order to determine whether there is the risk of pancreatic disease or if we are just ahead of a benign hyperenzymemia.

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Bilateral and symmetric globus-pallidus hyperintensities are observed on T1-weighted MRI in most of the patients with chronic liver failure, due to manganese accumulation. We report a 53-year-old man, with rapid onset parkinsonism-dementia complex associated with accumulation of manganese in the brain, secondary to liver failure. A brain MRI was performed and a high signal on T1-weighted images was seen on globus-pallidus, as well as on T2-weighted images on the hemispheric white-matter. He was referred to a liver-transplantation. The patient passed away on the seventh postoperative day. Our findings support the concept of the toxic effects of manganese on the globus-pallidus. The treatment of this form of parkinsonism is controversial and liver-transplantation should not be considered as first line treatment but as an alternative one.

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Bilateral and symmetric globus-pallidus hyperintensities are observed on T1-weighted MRI in most of the patients with chronic liver failure, due to manganese accumulation. We report a 53-year-old man, with rapid onset parkinsonism-dementia complex associated with accumulation of manganese in the brain, secondary to liver failure. A brain MRI was performed and a high signal on T1-weighted images was seen on globus-pallidus, as well as on T2-weighted images on the hemispheric white-matter. He was referred to a liver-transplantation. The patient passed away on the seventh postoperative day. Our findings support the concept of the toxic effects of manganese on the globus-pallidus. The treatment of this form of parkinsonism is controversial and liver-transplantation should not be considered as first line treatment but as an alternative one.

Hiperintesidades simétricas e bilaterais dos gânglios da base são observadas em imagens de ressonância magnética encefálica (RM) ponderadas em T1 na maioria dos pacientes com insuficiência hepática crônica devidas ao acúmulo de manganês. Nós relatamos o caso de um homem, com 53 anos de idade, com um complexo parkinsonismo-demência rapidamente progressivo associado com o acúmulo de manganês no cérebro, secundariamente a insuficiência hepática. Uma RM encefálica foi realizada e foram observadas imagens hiperintensas/hipersinal nas imagens ponderadas em T1 no globo pálido e, também, na substância branca dos hemisférios cerebrais ponderadas em T2. Devido à falta de resposta ao tratamento clinico optamos pelo transplante hepático. O paciente faleceu no 7° dia de PO. Nossos achados corroboram o conceito dos efeitos tóxicos do manganês nos gânglios da base/globo pálido. O tratamento desta forma de parkinsonismo é controverso e o transplante hepático não deverá ser considerada uma opção terapêutica de primeira linha, porém como um tratamento alternativo considerando-se os riscos-benefícios dessa escolha.

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Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most frequent entities worldwide and partial hepatectomy has been the preferred option for treatment. We report the case of a 28-year-old Jehovah's Witness who came to us complaining about an abdominal mass. Angio-MRI showed a large heterogeneous mass in the left hepatic lobe. Ex situ liver resection followed by right hepatic lobe autotransplantation was performed, using extra-corporeal venous-venous bypass. He had an uneventful postoperative outcome and was discharged on the 10th postoperative day. The histology revealed hepatocellular carcinoma.

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Adenosquamous carcinoma of the liver is a rare type of hepatic tumor first described in 1975. It is characterized by both glandular and squamous compounds. We describe a case of adenosquamous carcinoma of the liver. It was discovered in a 42-year-old female with a 2-month history of vomiting, weight loss (7 kg). A left hepatic lobectomy disclosed an 11 x 9 x 7,5cm tumor located at I, II, III, IV segments. This tumor is rare entity and is a variant of cholangiocarcinoma whose etiology and prognostic are not well known

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O objetivo do presente estudo é apresentar as complicações que ocorreram em seiscentos pacientes consecutivos com doença do refluxo gastroesofágico submetidos à fundoplicatura laparoscópica. O procedimento de Nissen-Rosetti (fundoplicatura de 360o) foi realizado em 587 pacientes (97,8 por cento) e o de Toupet (fundoplicatura de 270o) em 13 (2,2 por cento). Oitenta e um pacientes também foram submetidos à colecistectomia no mesmo ato operatório, e um a diverticulectomia faringoesofágica cervical com miotomia cricofaringeana. Trinta e nove pacientes tinham operação prévia no abdome superior. O período de internação hospitalar variou de 12 horas a 23 dias, com média de 1,2 dias. A via de acesso foi convertida em laparotomia em dez pacientes (1,7 por cento). A principal causa de conversão foi a presença de aderências. A complicação intra-operatória mais frequente foi pneumotórax, que foi observado em oito pacientes. Todos os pneumotóraces ocorreram nos cem primeiros casos. Cinco pacientes apresentaram hemorragia significante, sendo que dois deles necessitaram laparotomia para controle do sangramento. Úlcera gástrica foi diagnosticada em sete pacientes. Um paciente etilista morreu de pancreatite aguda e ooutro de síndrome de disfunção de múltiplos órgãos e sistemas consequentes à perfuração gástrica. Outras complicações importantes foram: dois abscessos intra-abdominais, uma perfuração esofágica, uma sepse secundária à perfuração gástrica, um choque hemorrágico e uma obstrução gástrica secundária à herniação da fundoplicatura. Concluímos que a taxa de complicações da fundoplicatura laparoscópica é baixa e diminui significativamente com a experiência do cirurgião

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The aim of this paper is to present a case of a 37-year-old female patient with a benign tumor of the Ampulla of Vater and a brief review of the literature. The patient presented with progressive obstructive jaundice and weight loss due to the presence of two adenomas of the second portion of duodenum. Laboratory tests confirmed the presence of obstruction of the biliary tree. Ultrasound and CT scan of the abdomen revealed bile duct dilatation. ERCP showed a tumor at the site of the Ampulla of Vater. The biopsies revealed tubular adenoma. She was submitted to local resection of the tumors and sphincteroplasty, since the frozen biopsy at the time of surgery showed no malignancy. During the post-operative follow-up she presented recurrence of symptoms. An upper GI endoscopy revealed a tumor at the Ampulla of Vater. She was then submitted to Whipple procedure with an uneventful recovery

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The objective of the present study is to report a successful pregnancy in a 28 year-old female who underwent an orthotopic liver transplantation two years ago due to type I auto immune hepatitis. Patient was taking cyclosporin, prednisone and azathioprine for maintenance immunossupression and had good graft function during all the pregnancy. The liver function tests were normal during the pregnancy. Fetal growth was monitored by ultrasonographic examination and showed normal development. At the end of the third trimester, she was subjected to a cesarean bearing a healthy girl weighting 2,320 Kg. She was discharged with normal liver functions tests and no complications

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A colecistectomia laparoscópica tornou-se o método de escolha para o tratamento da doença litiásica da vesicula biliar. Embora a perfuraçäo da vesícula durante o procedimento näo seja rara, complicaçöes de cálculos biliares intra-abdominais säo pouco frequentes e relativamente menores. Nós relatamos um caso de abscesso sub-hepático devido à presença de um cálculo livre na cavidade abdominal, 20 meses após a realizaçäo de colecistectomia laparoscópica por colecistite aguda litiásica(AB)

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O objetivo do estudo é avaliar as indicaçöes mais frequentes das derivaçöes biliodigestivas e verificar quais säo os tipos mais realizados, seus resultados e complicaçöes. Revisou-se os registros dos pacientes submetidos a qualquer tipo de derivaçäo biliodigestiva realizado no serviço de cirurgia do aparelho digestivo do Hospital de Clíncias da Universidade Federal do Paraná, no período de 1 de janeiro de 1985 a 31 de dezembro de 1994. Vinte e cinco (31,6 por cento) homens e 54 (68,4 por cento) mulheres foram submetidos a derivaçäo biliodigestiva. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 54,8 anos. Dor abdominal mostrou ser o sintoma mais prevalente. O diagnóstico pré-operatório mais encontrado foi litíase da via biliar principal (49,4 por cento). A coledocoduodenostomia foi a cirurgia mais realizada. Vinte e cinco (69,6 por cento) pacientes tiveram um pós-operatório sem complicaçöes, e 24 (30,4 por cento) apresentaram algum tipo de complicaçäo. As derivaçöes biliodigestivas constituíram método eficaz de tratamento de diversas doenças e os resultados encontrados no serviço de cirurgia do aparelho digestivo do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná, no que diz respeito às indicaçöes e complicaçöes, estäo em concordância com os da literatura

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O objetivo do presente estudo é apresentar a nossa experiência com 130 pacientes submetidos ao tratamento videolaparoscópico da doença do refluxo gastroesofágico. A idade dos pacientes variou de 18 a 79 anos, com média de 49 anos. As principais indicaçöes do tratamento videolaparoscópico foram intratabilidade clínica e complicaçöes da esofagite de refluxo. As operaçöes laparoscópicas realizadas foram Nissen-Rossetti em 122 paciente (93,9 por cento), Nissen em 2 (1,5 por cento) e Lind em 2 (1,5 por cento). A opeaçäo teve de ser convertida e 4 pacientes (3,1 por cento), cujas indicaçöes foram presença de hiato volumosa, obesidade e aderências intrabdominais intensas. Disfagia foi a complicaçäo pós-operatória mais comum. Concluiu-se deste estudo que e correçäo laparoscópica da doença do refluxo gastroesofágico é um procedimento simples, de grande aceitaçäo pelos pacientes e apresenta baixa morbidade e mortalidade

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