RESUMEN
The epidemiology and clinical features of invasive group A streptococcal (iGAS) disease in Queensland children was investigated in response to anecdotal evidence of an increase in frequency and severity of this condition. A retrospective review of clinical records of all cases of iGAS disease notified to Queensland Health aged 0-18 years during a 5-year period was conducted. The annualized incidence of iGAS was 3·5/100,000 for the total population aged 0-18 and 13·2/100,000 for the Indigenous population of similar age. The annualized incidence was highest in Indigenous infants but no increase in frequency or severity of iGAS infections was observed. Findings included an increased prevalence in Indigenous children particularly in those aged <1 year, a significant male preponderance, lack of seasonal variation and an association with blunt trauma. Further studies are required to confirm and investigate these findings and to define specific risk factors in high-risk groups.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones Estreptocócicas/epidemiología , Streptococcus pyogenes/aislamiento & purificación , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Niño , Preescolar , Notificación de Enfermedades/estadística & datos numéricos , Etnicidad , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Queensland/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/microbiología , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/patología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
In this work the in-situ perfused rat liver has been used to examine the effect of changing the protein content of the perfusate on the hepatic extraction of O-acyl esters of salicylic acid. The hepatic availability (F) of these solutes was studied at a flow-rate of 30 mL min(-1) with perfusate albumin concentrations of 0, 2, and 4% w/v. The hepatic availability of the esters was shown to decrease with increasing carbon-chain length in the O-acyl group; for all the esters the hepatic availability increased with increasing albumin concentration in the perfusate. The dispersion-model-derived efficiency number (RN) of the esters was shown to increase with increasing lipophilicity and decrease with increasing albumin concentration in the perfusate. The unbound fraction (fu) of the esters decreased with lipophilicity. RN/fu for acetylsalicylic acid remained relatively constant as the albumin concentration was increased. However, RN/fu for n-pentanoyl- and n-hexanoylsalicylic acids increased significantly as albumin concentration increased from 0% to 4%. Thus, for the more lipophilic solutes (n-pentanoyl- and n-hexanoylsalicylic acids) the presence of albumin apparently facilitates the uptake of unbound solute relative to acetylsalicylic acid.