RESUMEN
Habitual dietary intakes and nutrition behaviours developed during childhood and adolescence pave the way for similar behaviours to manifest in adulthood. Childhood obesity rates have now reached a point where one in six children globally are classified as overweight or obese. Schools have the unique ability to reach almost all children during key developmental stages, making them an ideal setting for influencing children's nutrition behaviours. Evidence suggests the school food environment is not always conducive to healthy food choices and may be obesogenic. The aim of this narrative review is to explore factors that influence the healthy food and drink environment in and around schools in New Zealand. The review focused on evidence from New Zealand and Australia given the close resemblance in education systems and school food guidance. Using the Analysis Grid for Environments Linked to Obesity (ANGELO) framework, the school food environment was categorised into the following domains: economic, political, physical and socio-cultural factors. Findings suggest that food policies are not utilised within schools, and guidelines to improve the school food environment are not well implemented. Canteen profit models, lack of staff support and resources, and higher availability of low-cost unhealthy foods are among barriers that hinder implementation. This review highlights recommendations from existing evidence, including canteen pricing strategies, restriction of unhealthy foods and using peer modelling in a time-scarce curriculum to improve the school food environment. Key areas for improvement, opportunities to enhance policy implementation and untapped avenues to improve the food and nutrition behaviours of children are highlighted.
Asunto(s)
Servicios de Alimentación , Obesidad Infantil , Adolescente , Humanos , Niño , Promoción de la Salud , Nueva Zelanda , Obesidad Infantil/epidemiología , Obesidad Infantil/etiología , Obesidad Infantil/prevención & control , Política Nutricional , Instituciones AcadémicasRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine the nutrition risk prevalence and associated health and social risk factors amongst community-living Maori and non-Maori older adults in New Zealand. METHODS: As part of the 2014 Health, Work and Retirement postal survey, 2914 community-living older adults (749 Maori) aged 49-87 years completed the Seniors in the Community: Risk Evaluation for Eating and Nutrition (SCREEN II-AB) to determine nutrition risk status and sociodemographic and health measures. RESULTS: Half (50.2%) of Maori and 32.7% of non-Maori were at nutrition risk. Independent risk factors were as follows: for Maori, being unpartnered and rating general health as fair, and for non-Maori, being unpartnered and rating general health as fair or poor, lower life satisfaction, higher number of health conditions and emotional loneliness. CONCLUSIONS: Findings highlight the need for culturally appropriate intervention strategies, which provide opportunity for older adults to eat with others, especially for those who are unpartnered and lonely.
Asunto(s)
Nativos de Hawái y Otras Islas del Pacífico , Jubilación , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Humanos , Nueva Zelanda/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between domains of nutrition risk with hospitalisations and mortality for New Zealand Maori and non-Maori in advanced age. METHODS: Within LiLACS NZ, 256 Maori and 399 non-Maori octogenarians were assessed for nutrition risk using the Seniors in the Community: Risk Evaluation for Eating and Nutrition (SCREEN II) questionnaire according to three domains of risk. Sociodemographic and health characteristics were established. Five years from inception, survival analyses examined associations between nutrition risk from the three domains of SCREEN II with all-cause hospital admissions and mortality. RESULTS: For Maori but not non-Maori, lower nutrition risk in the Dietary Intake domain was associated with reduced hospitalisations and mortality (Hazard Ratios [HR] [95%CI] 0.97 [0.95-0.99], p=0.009 and 0.91 [0.86-0.98], p=0.005, respectively). The 'Factors Affecting Intake' domain was associated with mortality (HR, [95%CI] 0.94 [0.89-1.00], p=0.048), adjusted for age, gender, socioeconomic deprivation, education, previous hospital admissions, comorbidities and activities of daily living. CONCLUSION: Improved dietary adequacy may reduce poor outcomes for older Maori. Implications for public health: Nutrition risk among older Maori is identifiable and treatable. Effort is needed to engage relevant community and whanau (family) support to ensure older Maori have food security and cultural food practices are met.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento/fisiología , Ingestión de Energía/etnología , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Mortalidad , Nativos de Hawái y Otras Islas del Pacífico/etnología , Estado Nutricional/etnología , Actividades Cotidianas , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nativos de Hawái y Otras Islas del Pacífico/estadística & datos numéricos , Nueva Zelanda/epidemiología , Vigilancia de la PoblaciónRESUMEN
AIM: To assess a nutrition risk screening tool amongst Maori and non-Maori of advanced age. METHOD: A cross sectional feasibility study was conducted in three North Island locations. One hundred and eight community-living residents aged 75- 85 years were assessed for nutrition risk using 'the validated questionnaire 'Seniors in the Community: Risk Evaluation for Eating and Nutrition', Version II (SCREENII) and level of physical activity using the 'Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly' (PASE). Physical assessments included height and weight. RESULTS: Fifty-two percent of participants were assessed to be at high nutrition risk (SCREENII score <50; range 29-58; out of maximum score 64). Nutrition risk factors amongst Maori and non-Maori respectively differed for weight change in the previous six months (45.2% and 18.7%, p=0.005), skipping meals (54.8% and 13.3%, p<0.001), fruit and vegetable intake (77.4% and 18.7%, p<0.001) and the use of meal replacements (28.1% and 9.3%, p=0.013). Process evaluation showed that Maori took different meaning from the individual question items in SCREENII. Level of physical activity (PASE score) was higher for Maori, median (IQR): 125 (74) than non-Maori, 72 (74) (p<0.001) especially for leisure-time and household related activity. BMI was higher for Maori median (IQR): 31.5 kg/m2 (6.8) compared to non-Maori 24.7 kg/m2 (5.4) (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The nutrition risk tool suggested that Maori were at high risk for malnutrition despite higher BMI and higher levels of activity. Several items of the screening tool were interpreted differently among Maori compared to non-Maori. Further development is needed to ensure accurate assessment.
Asunto(s)
Desnutrición/epidemiología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Índice de Masa Corporal , Estudios Transversales , Características Culturales , Estudios de Factibilidad , Femenino , Servicios de Salud para Ancianos , Humanos , Masculino , Desnutrición/etiología , Desnutrición/prevención & control , Nueva Zelanda/epidemiología , Casas de Salud , Riesgo , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge and health beliefs regarding osteoporosis risk factors of New Zealand women aged 20-49 years. DESIGN: A descriptive, web-based survey. SUBJECTS: An opportunistic sample of 622 women aged between 20 and 49 years living in Auckland, New Zealand was recruited by email. RESULTS: There was a moderate level of knowledge about osteoporosis risk factors among the women surveyed, with a mean total score for all subjects of 16.4 (standard deviation (SD) 4.0) out of a possible 26 correct responses. Mean scores for osteoporosis knowledge were statistically different by age group, with women aged 40-49 years scoring higher than those aged 30-39 years and 20-29 years (17.3 (SD 4.0), 16.4 (SD 4.1) and 15.8 (SD 3.9), respectively, P<0.001). Overall, about a third of the women perceived that they were likely to develop osteoporosis and 22% believed the disease to be potentially crippling. Most women were aware of the benefits of exercise and optimal calcium nutrition in preventing osteoporosis. Few women perceived barriers to exercise participation and eating calcium-rich foods. Older women (40-49 years) were more motivated to take care of their health than younger women (P<0.001). A large percentage of subjects (77%) thought that calcium-rich foods contained too much cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS: Despite reporting higher than average educational attainment and health consciousness, these women demonstrated average levels of knowledge about osteoporosis risk factors. They had low feelings of susceptibility towards development of osteoporosis, but most considered it to be a serious disease.
Asunto(s)
Actitud Frente a la Salud , Calcio de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Osteoporosis/prevención & control , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Femenino , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Educación en Salud , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nueva Zelanda , Osteoporosis/epidemiología , Osteoporosis/psicología , Factores de Riesgo , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Salud de la MujerRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To identify consumer attitudes and beliefs about (liquid) milk that may be barriers to consumption. DESIGN: Two random-quota telephone surveys conducted in Auckland one year apart. Respondents were questioned about their usual milk intake and their attitudes to milk. The questionnaire included attitude items that reflected the main themes of consumer interest in milk. SETTING: New Zealand. SUBJECTS: Seven hundred and thirteen respondents in the baseline survey and a separate sample of 719 respondents in the follow-up survey. RESULTS: At least one-third of the respondents consumed less than a glass (250 ml) of milk a day. Non-consumption was highest in young women (15%). People's concerns about milk related to what was important in their lives; what threatens them physically and emotionally. Women held more positive attitudes but they were concerned about the fat content of milk. Men were less aware of milk's nutritional benefits and as a result were less appreciative of its value. CONCLUSIONS: There is an opportunity to develop public health initiatives to address the barriers to drinking milk. Industry-health alliances may be an effective means to provide positive nutrition messages about milk and to engage the support of health professionals.