RESUMEN
Accumulation rates and pathogen concentrations in primary stabilization pond sludges in developing countries are important parameters for adequate sludge management and the safeguarding of public health with sludge reuse in agriculture. An anaerobic pond has been investigated for sludge accumulation rates and helminth egg viability after four years of operation in Burkina Faso. The rate of sludge accumulation was measured at 0.037 m(3)/capita-year or 2.26 kg dry weight/capita-year. An equation describing vertical distribution of total solids in the accumulated sludge was found to be adequately represented by a regression equation. Influent helminth egg concentrations were reduced on average by 90% in the anaerobic pond effluent. Ascaris lumbricoides and Ancylostoma sp. were the most common eggs present in the sludge after four years of operation. The average concentration of helminth eggs in pond sludge was 536 eggs/g TS, and the percentages of viability ranged from 10.8% (47 viable eggs/g TS) to 57.2 (1,772 viable eggs/g TS, with an average rate of 36% (336 viable eggs/g TS). From a sludge depth and section study, egg viability was found to be randomly distributed in the sludge layer.
Asunto(s)
Ancylostoma/metabolismo , Ascaris/fisiología , Aguas del Alcantarillado , Anaerobiosis , Animales , Burkina Faso , Diseño de Equipo , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Análisis de Regresión , Medición de Riesgo , Temperatura , Factores de Tiempo , Contaminantes del Agua/aislamiento & purificación , Purificación del Agua/métodosRESUMEN
The nasolabial and labiomandibular folds develop with facial aging by an anterior caudal descent of the fat prominences of the same name. Young patients with minimal folding can be corrected by substances inserted in the fold; however, this and other techniques have failed satisfactorily to improve the folds naturally and permanently. Identification of the prominences and removal of the fat superficial to the skin by curettes have proven safe and effective and superior to fat suction. Complications include small hematomas and visible depressions in the sculpted areas. There was no nerve or skin injury. Follow-up of this technique (an improvement of a previous technique) is 3 1/2 years.
Asunto(s)
Ritidoplastia/métodos , Tejido Adiposo/cirugía , Legrado , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ritidoplastia/instrumentación , Envejecimiento de la PielRESUMEN
In an effort to clarify the preoperative indications and factors predisposing to an increased operative morbidity for "definitive" ulcer procedures, the medical records of 114 patients with perforated duodenal ulcers were reviewed. One hundred nine patients underwent operation, with 55 patients treated with ulcer closure (Group 1) and 54 underwent a "definitive" operation (Group 2). Thirty-two complications developed in 27 patients (25%), with major infectious complications occurring in 9 per cent and 7.5 percent in the simple ulcer closure and definitive surgery groups, respectively. This study demonstrates that preoperative shock, operation delayed greater than 48 hours, and patient age greater than 60 years were significant factors increasing morbidity. The importance of peritoneal soilage and positive cultures are unreliable in predicting subsequent clinical infection and do not contraindicate definitive surgical management.
Asunto(s)
Úlcera Duodenal/cirugía , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Perforación Intestinal/cirugía , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
In a field trial a flock of 115 winterfed sheep were treated twice with a week's interval with albendazole at a dose of 10--12 mg per kg body-weight to test its efficacy against Dicrocoelium lanceolatum. The treatment was completed one week prior to mating in November, and the investigation was based upon monthly faecal egg counts throughout the housing period. The treatments showed about 90% reduction in the egg production of Dicrocoelium, and the gastrointestinal nematodes and Moniezia were eliminated. Side effects were not seen. The results indicate that albendazole could be recommended in cases of dicrocoeoliasis requiring treatment, as well as an efficient broadspectrum anthelmintic.