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BACKGROUND: Early onset prosthetic valve endocarditis (EO-PVE) is an infrequent complication of cardiac valve surgery. It is considered a healthcare-associated infection due to contamination of the prosthesis during the implant or in the early postoperative period. AIM: To evaluate which factors may be related to the acquisition of EO-PVE. METHODS: A nested case-control study was conducted from 2006 to 2016. Cases were patients who had definite prosthetic endocarditis by the modified Duke criteria up to 12 months of heart valve replacement. Cases and controls were matched by age, gender, date and type of surgery. FINDINGS: There were 26 cases and 78 controls, in 2496 valve surgeries. The median incidence of EO-PVE was 1.1%. Risk factors identified during surgery were: use of ≥2 cryoprecipitate units (odds ratio (OR): 5.95; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.31-27.0) and ≥2 plasma units (OR: 2.73; 95% CI: 1.0-7.5). In the postoperative period, associated factors were bloodstream infection (OR: 14.00; CI: 1.49-131.77), pneumonia (4.38; 1.21-15.84), any infection (4.46; 1.63-12.21), central line for ≥2 weeks (5.33; 2.06-13.78), presence of dialysis catheter (3.22; 1.15-9.03), and new open chest surgery (3.89; 1.28-11.78). Mortality at 12 months was 34.6% in cases and 6.4% in controls (OR: 7.73; CI: 2.3-26.06). CONCLUSION: Cases had more infections, invasive procedures and surgical re-interventions in the early postoperative period, which favoured contamination of the newly implanted prosthesis. A preventive approach, with reinforcement of infection control practices, may curb the incidence of this condition.

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Bartonella is an important cause of blood culture-negative endocarditis in recent studies. Seroprevalence studies in the States of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro have shown Bartonella IgG positivity around 14 percent in healthy adults and 40 percent in HIV seropositive adults, respectively. A case report of a 46-year-old white male with moderate aortic regurgitation (AR) due to rheumatic heart disease (RHD), admitted due to worsening heart failure, is presented. Clinical features were apyrexia, anemia, polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, hematuria and splenomegaly. He was submitted to surgery due to worsening AR. Histopathology of the excised valve showed active bacterial endocarditis and underlying RHD. Routine blood cultures were negative. Indirect immunofluorescence (IFI) assays for Coxiella burnetii were non-reactive. Bartonella henselae IgG titer was 1:4096 prior to antibiotics and 1:512 14 months after treatment. History of close contact with a young cat during the months preceding his admission was elicited.

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Bartonella is an important cause of blood culture-negative endocarditis in recent studies. Seroprevalence studies in the States of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro have shown Bartonella IgG positivity around 14% in healthy adults and 40% in HIV seropositive adults, respectively. A case report of a 46-year-old white male with moderate aortic regurgitation (AR) due to rheumatic heart disease (RHD), admitted due to worsening heart failure, is presented. Clinical features were apyrexia, anemia, polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, hematuria and splenomegaly. He was submitted to surgery due to worsening AR. Histopathology of the excised valve showed active bacterial endocarditis and underlying RHD. Routine blood cultures were negative. Indirect immunofluorescence (IFI) assays for Coxiella burnetii were non-reactive. Bartonella henselae IgG titer was 1:4096 prior to antibiotics and 1:512 14 months after treatment. History of close contact with a young cat during the months preceding his admission was elicited.

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O caso de uma mulher parda de 26 anos de idade que desenvolveu síndrome de insuficiência cardíaca congestiva (ICC) na primeira semana de puerpério de sua primeira gestaçäo é relatado. Refratária às medidas terapêuticas intensivas habituais, a síndrome de ICC respondeu ao uso da associaçäo de ciclofosfamida e prednisona. Chama-se a atençäo para a possibilidade de melhora da miocardiopatia periparto que cursa com sinais de miocardite ou que torna refratária às medidas terapêuticas habituais com uso ddrogas imunossupressoras.

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Dez pacientes portadores de diabetes mellitus, com evidencia de comprometimento miocardico e coronarias pervias a cinecoronariografia, foram avaliados do ponto de vista clinico, eletrocardiografico, radiologico e laboratorial, com objetivo de definir as caracteristicas de enfermedade miorcadica, capazes de permitir o seu reconhecimento clinico. A miocardiopatia diabetica caracteriza-se pela presenca de angina de peito tipica, taquicardia sinusal persistente, ausencia de alteracao do automatismo ventricular e disturbios da conducao pelo ramo esquerdo do feixe de His ou pelo seu fasciculo anterior. Os autores concluem que a miocardiopatia que acomete os individuos e uma entidade nosologica distinta e pode ser reconhecida por aspectos clinicos peculiares

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