RESUMEN
Accelerating the oxidation process at photoanode-electrolyte interfaces can prolong the lifetime of photoexcited electrons and improve the efficiency of photoelectrochemical cathodic protection (PECCP) systems without relying on hole scavengers. However, the systematic design of precisely structured heterostructures for efficient photoanodes remains challenging. Here we meticulously engineered a type-II heterostructure featuring precise spatial organization, wherein NiFe-layered double hydroxide nanosheets (NiFe-LDH NSs) were assembled onto annealed TiO2 nanorod arrays (ATNAs), demonstrating their effectiveness in achieving efficient PECCP. The interfacial electronic coupling and appropriate energy alignment between the NiFe-LDH NSs and ATNAs allowed rapid hole extraction from the ATNAs to the NiFe-LDH NSs. Furthermore, the uniform distribution of the NiFe-LDH NSs on top of ATNAs drastically reduced the overpotential of oxygen evolution reactions (OER) from 370 to 200 mV and Tafel slope from 162 to 56 mV dec-1, leading to significantly improved cathodic protection of 304 stainless steel (SS) under extended illumination and interesting post-illumination protection. In addition, with the increase of testing cycles, the as-prepared NiFe-LDH NSs@ATNAs demonstrated a progressively enhanced cathodic protection potential from 0.15 to 0.13 V vs. RHE over 50 cycles. These findings provide important guidelines for the design of future high-efficiency green metal protection through rational photoanode design.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES@#To compare the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) with different time intervals on corticospinal excitability of the primary motor cortex (M1) and the upper limb motor function in healthy subjects and observe the after-effect rule of acupuncture.@*METHODS@#Self-comparison before and after intervention design was adopted. Fifteen healthy subjects were included and all of them received three stages of trial observation, namely EA0 group (received one session of EA), EA6h group (received two sessions of EA within 1 day, with an interval of 6 h) and EA48h group (received two sessions of EA within 3 days, with an interval of 48 h). The washout period among stages was 1 week. In each group, the needles were inserted perpendicularly at Hegu (LI 4) on the left side, 23 mm in depth and at a non-acupoint, 0.5 cm nearby to the left side of Hegu (LI 4), separately. Han's acupoint nerve stimulator (HANS-200A) was attached to these two needles, with continuous wave and the frequency of 2 Hz. The stimulation intensity was exerted higher than the exercise threshold (local muscle twitching was visible, and pain was tolerable by healthy subjects, 1-2 mA ). The needles were retained for 30 min. Using the single pulse mode of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) technique, before the first session of EA (T0) and at the moment (T1), in 2 h (T2) and 24 h (T3) after the end of the last session of EA, on the left first dorsal interosseous muscle, the amplitude, latency (LAT), resting motor threshold (rMT) of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and the completion time of grooved pegboard test (GPT) were detected. Besides, in the EA6h group, TMS was adopted to detect the excitability of M1 (amplitude, LAT and rMT of MEPs) before the last session of EA (T0*).@*RESULTS@#The amplitude of MEPs at T1 and T2 in the EA0 group, at T0* in the EA6h group and at T1, T2 and T3 in the EA48h group was higher when compared with the value at T0 in each group separately (P<0.001). At T1, the amplitude of MEPs in the EA0 group and the EA48h group was higher than that in the EA6h group (P<0.001, P<0.01); at T2, it was higher in the EA0 group when compared with that in the EA6h group (P<0.01); at T3, the amplitude in the EA0 group and the EA6h group was lower than that of the EA48h group (P<0.001). The LAT at T1 was shorter than that at T0 in the three groups (P<0.05), and the changes were not obvious at the rest time points compared with that at T0 (P > 0.05). The GPT completion time of healthy subjects in the EA0 group and the EA48h group at T1, T2 and T3 was reduced in comparison with that at T0 (P<0.001). The completion time at T3 was shorter than that at T0 in the EA6h group (P<0.05); at T2, it was reduced in the EA48h group when compared with that of the EA6h group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in rMT among the three groups and within each group (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Under physiological conditions, EA has obvious after-effect on corticospinal excitability and upper limb motor function. The short-term interval protocol (6 h) blocks the after-effect of EA to a certain extent, while the long-term interval protocol (48 h) prolongs the after-effect of EA.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Electroacupuntura , Corteza Motora/fisiología , Estimulación Magnética Transcraneal/métodos , Extremidad Superior , Ejercicio Físico , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the repair of meniscal white-white zone injury through promoting the proliferation of canine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). METHODS: A total of 24 beagle dogs were selected to construct meniscal white-white zone injury models in both lateral knee joints. All subjects were divided into four groups: control, BMSCs, PRP, and PRP + BMSCs. Immunohistochemistry was applied in the expression detection of type I and type II collagens. HE staining and methylene blue staining were performed to observe the injury of cartilage of lateral femoral condyle in each group. ELISA was used to detect the osteopontin (OPN) content in cartilage of lateral femoral condyle. HE staining and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to observe the healing of meniscus in each group. Outcome measures include the expression of OPN in the synovial fluid of knee joint, the expression of type I collagen and type II collagen, the healing of meniscus injury, and the damage degree of lateral femoral condyle cartilage. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the expressions of type I and type II collagens were enhanced in the PRP group and the PRP + BMSCs group. Compared with 1 week before modeling, the expression of OPN was elevated in the control group and the BMSCs group at 3 weeks after modeling. There were no significant differences in the above indicators between the PRP group and the PRP + BMSCs group. According to MRI and pathological section after HE staining, meniscal healing in the PRP group and the PRP + BMSCs group was significantly improved as compared to that of the control group and the BMSCs group (all P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between the PRP group and the PRP + BMSCs group (P > 0.05). All subjects were divided into the non-healing group and the healing group in accordance with the HE staining results in previous experiment. The injury of cartilage of lateral femoral condyle was significantly heavier in the non-healing group than that in the healing group. CONCLUSION: The application of PRP alone or in combination with BMSCs could promote the clinical healing rate of meniscal white-white zone injury.
Asunto(s)
Trasplante de Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/métodos , Plasma Rico en Plaquetas , Lesiones de Menisco Tibial/terapia , Animales , Terapia Combinada , Perros , MasculinoRESUMEN
The present study aimed to provide guidance for the selection of prosthodontic materials and the management of patients with a suspected metal allergy. This included a comparison of the sensitivity of patients to alloys used in prescribed metalcontaining prostheses, and correlation analysis between metal allergy and accompanying clinical symptoms of sensitized patients using a patch test. The results from the patch test and metal component analyses were processed to reach a final diagnosis. In the present study, four dental alloys were assessed. Subsequent to polishing the surface of a metal restoration, the components were analyzed using an Xray fluorescence microscopy and spectrometry. Immunohistochemical analysis, reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to detect the expression levels of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)DR in gingival tissues affected by alloy restoration, and in normal gingival tissue samples. Positive allergens identified in the patch test were consistent with the components of the metal prostheses. The prevalence of nickel (Ni) allergy was highest (22.8%), and women were significantly more allergic to palladium and Ni than men (P<0.05). The protein and gene expression levels of HLADR in the Nichromium (Cr) prosthesis group were significantly higher, compared with those in the other groups (P<0.01); followed by cobaltCr alloy, gold alloy and titanium alloy. In conclusion, dentists require an understanding of the corrosion and allergy rates of prescribed alloys, in order to reduce the risk of allergic reactions. Patch testing for hypersensitive patients is recommended and caution is required when planning to use different alloys in the mouth.
Asunto(s)
Alérgenos/efectos adversos , Aleaciones Dentales/efectos adversos , Encía/inmunología , Antígenos HLA-DR/metabolismo , Metales/efectos adversos , Prótesis Dental/efectos adversos , Restauración Dental Permanente , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Antígenos HLA-DR/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Pruebas del ParcheRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The purpose of this quantitative meta-analysis is to appraise the efficacy and side effects of intra-articular morphine in patients undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery. METHODS: The comprehensive literature search, using Medline (1966 to 2013), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and EMBASE databases, was conducted to identify randomized placebo-controlled trials that used single-dose intra-articular morphine for postoperative pain. The relative risk (RR), standardized mean difference (SMD), and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using statistical software. RESULTS: Twenty-six articles were included in the meta-analysis. The acute postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores of the morphine group compared with the control group were significantly lower (SMD, -1.16; 95% CI, -1.79 to -0.53; P = .0003). The number of patients requiring supplementary analgesia was also significantly reduced (RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.93; P = .008), and there was a significant difference in the time to first analgesic request (SMD, 1.47; 95% CI, 0.49 to 2.44; P = .003) when the morphine group was compared with the placebo group. However, there was no significant difference in side effects between the morphine group and the control group (RR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.67 to 1.28; P = .65). CONCLUSIONS: The key findings of the present study were that the administration of single-dose intra-articular morphine at the end of arthroscopic knee surgery provided better pain relief, reduced the need for supplementary analgesics, and lengthened the time interval before the first request for additional analgesic medication, all with short-term side effects similar to those of the saline placebo. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II, meta-analysis of Level I-II studies.
Asunto(s)
Artroscopía/efectos adversos , Articulación de la Rodilla/cirugía , Morfina/administración & dosificación , Dolor Postoperatorio/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Inyecciones Intraarticulares , Morfina/efectos adversos , Dimensión del Dolor , Dolor Postoperatorio/etiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Total knee replacement surgery is commonly used in end-stage diseases of the knee. It is important for improving surgical efficacy and patient satisfaction by promoting early rehabilitation of patients and improving knee function. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of early application of Tuina treatment on quadriceps surface electromyography (EMG) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis having undergone total knee arthroplasty. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTION: The study was performed at the Orthopedic Department of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from June 2010 to September 2011. A total of 66 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had undergone total knee replacement surgery were randomly divided into control group and observation group, 33 cases in each. The patients in the control group were administered with continuous passive training (CPM), and the patients in the observation group were treated with CPM combined with Tuina, from prior surgery to four weeks post-surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The knee function was evaluated using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire at baseline and 4 weeks after the surgery. Quadriceps surface EMG was also detected at the same time points. RESULTS: After 4 weeks of Tuina and comprehensive rehabilitation intervention, the WOMAC questionnaire score of the observation group was decreased compared with the control group (P<0.01); median frequency and integrated electromyography of the rectus femoris and vastus medialis muscles, which were recorded by EMG, in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Tuina can improve the recovery of patients who have undergone total knee replacement by increasing quadriceps EMG.
Asunto(s)
Medicina Tradicional China , Manipulaciones Musculoesqueléticas , Músculo Cuádriceps/fisiopatología , Anciano , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla , Electromiografía , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Periodo PosoperatorioRESUMEN
The white-white tears (meniscus lesion completely in the avascular zone) are without blood supply and theoretically cannot heal. Basal research has demonstrated that menisci are unquestionably important in load bearing, load redistribution, shock absorption, joint lubrication and the stabilization of the knee joint. It has been proven that partial or all-meniscusectomy results in an accelerated degeneration of cartilage and an increased rate of early osteoarthritis. Knee surgeons must face the difficult decision of removing or, if possible, retaining the meniscus; if it is possible to retain the meniscus, surgeons must address the difficulties of meniscal healing. Some preliminary approaches have progressed to improve meniscal healing. However, the problem of promoting meniscal healing in the avascular area has not yet been resolved. The demanding nature of the approach as well as its low utility and efficacy has impeded the progress of these enhancement techniques. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a platelet concentration derived from autologous blood. In recent years, PRP has been used widely in preclinical and clinical applications for bone regeneration and wound healing. Therefore, we hypothesize that the application of platelet-rich plasma for white-white meniscal tears will be a simple and novel technique of high utility in knee surgery.
Asunto(s)
Traumatismos de la Rodilla/terapia , Meniscos Tibiales/irrigación sanguínea , Meniscos Tibiales/patología , Modelos Biológicos , Plasma Rico en Plaquetas/metabolismo , Cicatrización de Heridas , Humanos , Articulación de la Rodilla/patologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Epimedii herba is one of the most frequently used herbs in formulas that are prescribed for the treatment of osteoporosis in China and its main constituent is Epimedium pubescen flavonoid (EPF). However, it is unclear whether EPF during chronic exposure to cigarette smoke may have a protective influence on the skeleton. The present study investigated the effect of EPF on bone mineral status and bone turnover in a rat model of human relatively high exposure to cigarette smoke. METHODS: Fifty male Wistar rats were randomized into five groups: controls, passive smoking groups and passive smoking rats administered EPF at three dosage levels (75, 150 or 300 mg/kg/day) in drinking water for 4 months. A rat model of passive smoking was prepared by breeding male rats in a cigarette-smoking box. Bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover markers, bone histomorphometric parameters and biomechanical properties were examined. RESULTS: Smoke exposure decreased BMC and BMD, increased bone turnover (inhibited bone formation and stimulated its resorption), affected bone histomorphometry (increased trabecular separation and osteoclast surface per bone surface; decreased trabecular bone volume, trabecular thickness, trabecular number, cortical thickness, bone formation rate and osteoblast surface per bone surface), and reduced mechanical properties. EPF supplementation during cigarette smoke exposure prevented smoke-induced changes in bone mineral status and bone turnover. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that EPF can prevent the adverse effects of smoke exposure on bone by stimulating bone formation and inhibiting bone turnover and bone resorption.
Asunto(s)
Densidad Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Remodelación Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Epimedium , Fémur/efectos de los fármacos , Flavonas/farmacología , Vértebras Lumbares/efectos de los fármacos , Contaminación por Humo de Tabaco/efectos adversos , Absorciometría de Fotón , Animales , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Resorción Ósea/etiología , Resorción Ósea/metabolismo , Resorción Ósea/patología , Resorción Ósea/prevención & control , Epimedium/química , Fémur/metabolismo , Fémur/ultraestructura , Flavonas/aislamiento & purificación , Vértebras Lumbares/metabolismo , Vértebras Lumbares/ultraestructura , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Nicotina/sangre , Osteogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Plantas Medicinales , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
To investigate whether platelet-rich plasma (PRP) when used with allograft bone improves the management outcome of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures. Over a 7-year period, all displaced type III calcaneal fractures admitted in our department (276 fractures in 254 patients) were randomly divided into three groups according to the plan of management: autograft alone (n = 101), allograft combined with PRP (n = 85), or allograft alone (n = 90). Radiographic imaging and three-dimensional computed tomography were used to assess the thalamic portion, Bohler's angle, the crucial angle of Gissane, and the height, width and length of the calcaneum. The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hind-foot scoring system was used to evaluate the hind foot function at 12, 24, and 72 months postsurgery. At 12 months no significant difference existed in outcome amongst the treatment groups (p > 0.05). However, at 24 and 72 months the results of the autograft, and the allograft combined with PRP, were similar and both were significantly better than that of the allograft alone (p < 0.05). PRP augmented the favorable outcome of allografts in the management of displaced calcaneal fractures, and matched that of autograft used alone. The findings of this study thus support the clinical use of PRP in conjunction with allograft in the treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures.
Asunto(s)
Trasplante Óseo , Calcáneo/lesiones , Curación de Fractura , Fracturas Intraarticulares/terapia , Plasma Rico en Plaquetas , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Recuperación de la Función , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Based on a rat model of human relatively high exposure to cigarette smoke, this study aimed to estimate whether Epimedium pubescen flavonoid (EPF) may prevent a smoke-induced decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) and weakening of the biomechanical properties of bone. METHODS: Fifty male Wistar rats were randomized into five groups: controls, passively smoking groups and passively smoking rats administered EPF at three dosage levels (75, 150 or 300 mg/kg/day) in drinking water for 4 months. A rat model of passive cigarette smoking was prepared by breeding male rats in a cigarette-smoking box for 4 months. Bone metabolic makers, BMD and biomechanical properties of the femoral distal end and femoral diaphysis were examined. RESULTS: Exposure to cigarette smoke decreased the BMD, affected bone turnover (inhibited bone formation and stimulated its resorption) and weakened the biomechanical properties of the femur at its distal end and diaphysis. EPF supplementation during cigarette smoke exposure prevented the decrease in BMD, accelerated bone turnover and weakened the biomechanical properties of bone. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that EPF supplementation can prevent the adverse effects of smoke exposure on BMD and biomechanical properties by inhibiting bone turnover and preventing bone resorption, and in this way it can decrease the risk of bone fractures.