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In a case-control study the patterns of body mass and autonomic tone in the premorbid lifetime of breast cancer patients were analyzed retrospectively. Premenopausal breast cancer patients are remarkably thin and show patterns of an ergotropic predominance in premorbid lifetime. Their body mass index and constitution does not agree with the risk factor 'obesity' and the traditionally expected predominance of trophotropy. Furthermore, it turned out that in puberty these patients had a discontinuous change of their body weight. As reported at the time of diagnosis, in women with postmenopausal breast cancer the risk factor 'obesity' seems to be true. However, in premorbid lifespan overweight could not be detected. Therefore, the independent risk factor 'weight gain' is supposed for periclimacteric phase. These women do not show indicators of trophotropic predominance but weak signs of ergotropy and eveningness.

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In 57 convalescence courses after surgery, temperature, pulse rate and complications recorded daily for 24 days were investigated. Complications were synchronized approximately with temperature. The time structure of the temperature proved to be periodical (reactive periods). The approximately 7-day periods (medium waves) predominated, frequently superimposed by short waves (< or = 4-day periods) and long waves (> or = 14-day periods). There was an intermediate band of approximately 10-day periods. The phases were synchronized with the day of operation, mostly with maxima, otherwise with minima. Periods and phases could jump, the periods preferably in integer ratios, the phases approximately 180 degrees. The long waves yielded a steep drop initially and a reascent of the temperature in the approximately 3rd week. As the number of complications was coincident with the temperature, it also dropped quickly after operation but rose again during the 3rd week. Apart from long waves, temperature and complications descended slowly, synchronizing with the medium waves. The reascent time structure is generally associated with a trophotropic type of patient (late reactive), the gradual descent with an ergotropic type (early reactive). As both of them can be recognized preoperatively, the time structure of the late complications expected can be predicted. Besides the long waves the time structure of the complications is related to the medium waves. Therefore a peak of the complications often occurs at the end of the 1st week.

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Patients with functional cardiovascular diseases were tested during a rectangular ergometric stress protocol for the reaction of the frequency coordination (n = 82) and the phase coordination (n = 52) of heart beat and respiration. The ratios of the pulse and respiratory frequency converged increasingly with the duration of the exercise, caused by a similar reaction of the respiratory rates.

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The pulse and respiration rate of normal people in a recumbant position has a fairly high degree of coordination. This increases in a upright position. In patients with orthostatic hypotension the degree of coordination is fairly low when lying and mostly decreases when standing. - The rhythmic regulation of the bradycard subgroup of the patients with orthostatic hypotension is still relatively strong, but the hypotension is extreme; that of the tachycard subgroup is extremely unstable, but the hypotension is not so marked. As collapse occurs with the same frequency in both subgroups, blood pressure and rhythmic regulation must be able to compensate each other to a certain degree. - Normal values can be detected by observing regulative optima. The marked optimum in an upright position is found by a pulse rate of 80-85 min-1, a respiration rate of 16-18 min-1 and a QP/R of 5. A minor, second optimum exists near a pulse rate of 100-105 min-1, a respiration rate of 14-15 min-1 and a QP/R of 7. - In patients with orthostatic hypotension these optima also can occur but sometimes less markedly. It can thus be accepted that the normal regulative process is latent more or less in ill people. This becomes particularly meaningful for all methods of therapies which strengthen this regulative process. - As in pathological cases a minor, second optimum is found in the regulative process, illness cannot mean a total loss of order but merely a reorganisation.

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On the border between orthostatic normal regulation and hypotension, the size of the blood pressure amplitude in upright position is dependent upon the pulse frequency and the pulse respiration quotient. The relationship between the blood pressure amplitude and the pulse frequency is linear and lends itself to the setting up of an orthostasis quotient. As into this quotient enter only data of upright position, we speak of a "standing reaction", the result of which satisfactorily corresponds with certain criteria of the "standing-up reaction" noticed by us so far. The orthostasis quotient coincides better with the clinical picture than the results of the standing-up reaction and separates the orthostatically stable person more precisely than the orthostasis index.

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The pulse-respiratory quotient of patients with postural circulatory instability is the same in a prone position as that of patients with stable postural circulation, however, it is higher in an upright postiion. This is not only caused by the higher pulse frequency of postural circulatory instable patients while standing, but also by the lower respiratory rate. The difference of the pulse-respiratory quotient between standing and lying indicates with more accuracy the diagnosis of postural circulatory instability. The severity of the symptoms is related not only to the pulse and respiratory rate, but also to the pulse-respiratory quotient. Tachycardiac patients with a high pulse-respiratory quotient show clinically symptoms more severe than tachycardiac patients with lower pulse-respiratory quotients. Due to the results shown here, the terms of rhythmical concordance and discordance are proposed.

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