RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Evolving norms and complex food environments may require new skill sets and mind-sets to maintain a healthy diet. Food literacy acknowledges the influence of external factors in shaping a person's development and application of the knowledge, skills, and behaviors required for healthy eating. Food literacy among college students is not well understood; however, higher education presents a unique opportunity for promoting food literacy. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify a range of challenges, opportunities, and motivators for students to develop and apply food literacy in a university setting. DESIGN: Eleven focus groups were conducted with four student subpopulations: three with residential undergraduates, three with off-campus undergraduates, three with graduate students, and two with students using food security resources. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: Eighty-two students enrolled at a large, diverse, public university in an urban setting in California. ANALYSIS: Guided by an ecological perspective, transcripts were analyzed using an integrated approach. This involved an inductive development of themes and deductive organization of themes according to research aims. RESULTS: We developed a novel model as a starting point for understanding and addressing the dynamic challenges, opportunities, and motivators for students to develop and apply food literacy. Challenges include the physical food environment, confusing information, capacity and resource constraints, and social tensions. Opportunities include media and the Internet, academic courses, peer learning, campus resources, and dining halls. Motivators include health, social responsibility, personal development, and enjoyment and bonding. CONCLUSIONS: Students view college as an appropriate time to develop food literacy and the university as a trusted partner. However, efforts to promote food literacy should acknowledge perceived challenges and varying motivations for engaging with food.
Asunto(s)
Dieta Saludable/psicología , Conducta Alimentaria/psicología , Alfabetización en Salud , Motivación , Estudiantes/psicología , Adulto , Femenino , Grupos Focales , Humanos , Masculino , Investigación Cualitativa , Universidades , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae poses a significant public health challenge. In recent years, gonococci resistant to first- and second-line antibiotics have spread worldwide and new strains have developed that are increasingly resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, which are currently our last line of available treatments. Given the timeline required to develop new drugs or an effective vaccine for N. gonorrhoeae, a top priority is to use the drugs that are available as effectively as possible. Currently, clinical management of gonorrhoea is based upon treatment guidelines informed by international gonococcal antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance programmes. This approach, although currently the most practical, is subject to a number of limitations since surveillance data inherently provide population-level information. As a result, basing treatment guidelines on these data can result in the prescription of more aggressive or broader treatment than is needed by individual patients and hence inadvertently contribute to the development and spread of resistance to important drugs. Clearly, methods are needed that provide patient-specific drug susceptibility information in a time frame that would allow clinicians to prescribe individualized treatment regimens for gonorrhoea. Fortunately, in recent years, there have been a number of advances in the development of rapid methods for characterizing both the genotype and the drug resistance phenotype of N. gonorrhoeae strains. Here, we review these advances and propose additional studies that would help facilitate a transition towards an individualized treatment approach for gonorrhoea.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Gonorrea/tratamiento farmacológico , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/efectos de los fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Gonorrea/diagnóstico , Gonorrea/epidemiología , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana/métodos , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/genética , Técnicas de Amplificación de Ácido Nucleico/métodos , Medicina de Precisión , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
The US agrifood system is very productive, but highly centralized and resource intensive with very weak links between production and consumption. This contributes to high levels of malnutrition and greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE). A popular approach to improvement is localization-reducing direct transport (farm to retail distance, or "food miles"). We examined Santa Barbara County (SBC) California, which mirrors the high production, nutritional and environmental problems, and growing localization movement of California. SBC ranks in the top 1% of US counties in value of agricultural products, and >80% of this value is produce (fruits and vegetables). We calculated the amount of produce grown in and consumed in SBC and estimated that >99% of produce grown in SBC is exported from the county, and >95% of produce consumed in SBC is imported. If all produce consumed in SBC was grown in the county (100% localization), it would reduce GHGE from the agrifood system <1%, and not necessarily affect nutrition. While food miles capture only a portion of the environmental impact of agrifood systems, localization could be done in ways that promote synergies between improving nutrition and reducing GHGE, and many such efforts exist in SBC.