RESUMEN
Growing evidence indicates the adverse psychological and welfare consequences of nuclear power accidents particularly among parents of small children. However, little has been published about the public health experiences of and practical countermeasures to deal with such consequences for parents of small children in the aftermath of disasters. Based on our past research efforts to develop parenting support programmes in Fukushima City, we describe here the discussions and resulting strategies that developed from collaborative efforts between university researchers and public health nurses after the Fukushima nuclear plant accident caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake. The processes presented here may be useful to improve national and international preparedness to protect the health of parents and children in future nuclear disasters.
Asunto(s)
Desastres , Terremotos , Accidente Nuclear de Fukushima , Responsabilidad Parental , Tsunamis , Preescolar , Conducta Cooperativa , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Japón , Padres/psicología , Desarrollo de Programa , Enfermería en Salud Pública/organización & administración , Investigadores/organización & administración , Apoyo Social , Factores de Tiempo , UniversidadesRESUMEN
Silver diamine fluoride (Ag(NH(3))(2)F) arrests caries but stains teeth black. To overcome this drawback, we applied ammonium hexafluorosilicate (AHF; (NH(4))(2)SiF(6)) and observed changes in the color and structure of demineralized enamel and dentin of extracted primary teeth. Enamel and dentin were demineralized in 10% EDTA solution for 90 s followed by 35% phosphoric acid gel for 60 s, then soaked in AHF solution for 60 s. Before analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), enamel and dentin were demineralized in 10% EDTA for 90 s. Teeth were divided into 4 groups according to AHF application and artificial saliva immersion status and then examined. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Fisher's PLSD test at a significance level of P < 0.05. AHF treatment did not cause visible discoloration. Enamel prisms and dental tubules appeared by demineralization were covered with precipitates by AHF application. A sphere-filled membranous structure was observed in the saliva immersion groups. EDS analysis showed that AHF application had no effect on enamel; however, F% and Ca/P ratio were significantly higher on dentin surfaces after AHF application without artificial saliva immersion. Further study on arresting caries treatment is required.
Asunto(s)
Caries Dental/tratamiento farmacológico , Caries Dental/patología , Esmalte Dental/efectos de los fármacos , Dentina/efectos de los fármacos , Compuestos de Amonio Cuaternario/farmacología , Diente Primario/efectos de los fármacos , Análisis de Varianza , Fosfatos de Calcio/análisis , Esmalte Dental/química , Dentina/química , Fluoruros/análisis , Fluoruros/farmacología , Fluoruros/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Compuestos de Amonio Cuaternario/uso terapéutico , Ácido Silícico/farmacología , Ácido Silícico/uso terapéutico , Espectrometría por Rayos XRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: At present, autologous intestinal segments are often used for bladder reconstruction. However, the gastrointestinal mucosa often causes various complications. METHODS: Oral mucosal tissues were obtained from the buccal cavity of beagle dogs. Primary oral mucosal epithelial cells were cultured on temperature-responsive culture dishes with a mitomycin C-treated 3T3 feeder layer for 2 weeks. Cultured epithelial cells were harvested as contiguous sheets by reducing the temperature to 20°C. The study consisted of three groups. In group 1, oral mucosal epithelial cell sheets were autografted on demucosalized gastric flaps. Next, the gastric flaps with the oral mucosal epithelial cell sheets were used for bladder reconstruction. Bladder reconstruction was once immediately and then 5 days after epithelial cell sheet grafting in groups 2 and 3, respectively. Three weeks after bladder reconstruction, the gastric flaps with the oral mucosal epithelial cell sheets were examined by immunohistology. RESULTS: Flaps grafted with oral mucosal epithelial cell sheets showed epithelial regeneration in groups 1 and 3. Regenerated epithelia were stratified and similar to native oral mucosa. However, the regenerated epithelium was absent from the reconstructive segment, and urothelial ingrowth was observed in group 2. Macroscopically, all reconstructive segments showed contracture. CONCLUSIONS: We successfully performed a bladder reconstruction using oral mucosal epithelial cell sheet-grafted flaps that exhibited epithelial regeneration. Further study should consider shrinkage prevention.
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Células Epiteliales/trasplante , Mucosa Bucal/citología , Colgajos Quirúrgicos , Ingeniería de Tejidos , Vejiga Urinaria/cirugía , Animales , Células Cultivadas , Técnicas de Cocultivo , Perros , Masculino , Ratones , Regeneración , Trasplante AutólogoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic evidence regarding the background factors of childhood infections in Japan is scarce. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate the rates and associated factors of hospitalization for lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) and gastrointestinal infections (GII) among children with birthweight ≥ 2500 g and ≥ 37 weeks of gestational age. METHOD: The data for the study were collected at 18-month health checkups in one city in Japan. The community database included information on the main outcome (past hospitalization) and 16 host, environmental, and parenting factors. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to determine sex differences in hospital admission for infection, and the Cox regression model to analyze sex-specific factors associated with the hospitalization. RESULTS: The proportion of children who were admitted to hospital before their 18-month checkup was 7.1% for LRTI and 2.2% for GII. Hospital admission for LRTI among boys was higher than girls. Multivariate analysis indicated the following LRTI-associated factors: child-care attendance (hazard ratio [HR]= 1.97) and three or more adults living together (HR = 2.63) for boys; and child-care attendance (HR = 4.30) and two or more children living together (HR = 4.57) for girls. GII-associated factors were maternal age <25 years (HR = 3.45) for boys, and hand washing by caregivers after lavatory use and diaper changing (HR = 6.93) for girls. CONCLUSIONS: One out of 11 children was hospitalized because of LRTI or GII during their first 18 months, which was associated with a biologic factor (sex), environmental factors (child-care attendance and family size), and parenting practices (shorter duration of exclusive breast-feeding and caregivers' unfavorable hygiene practices).
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Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/epidemiología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/epidemiología , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/microbiología , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Japón/epidemiología , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Sexuales , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Ghrelin is a body weight-regulating peptide produced and secreted primarily by the gastric mucosa. Helicobacter pylori infection impairs gastric ghrelin production, leading to a lower plasma ghrelin concentration. However, the effect of H. pylori eradication on plasma ghrelin levels and its relation to body weight change after H. pylori cure are still uncertain. We examined the association of plasma ghrelin levels with gastric ghrelin production and body weight change before and after H. pylori eradication. METHODS: Plasma ghrelin concentrations, gastric ghrelin expression, and body weight were determined in a total of 134 consecutive individuals before and 12 weeks after successful H. pylori eradication. Gastric ghrelin expression was evaluated by determining mRNA expression levels and the number of ghrelin-producing cells in gastric mucosa biopsy specimens by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS: Plasma ghrelin concentration increased in 50 patients and decreased in 84 patients after H. pylori eradication. After H. pylori cure, however, gastric preproghrelin mRNA expression was increased nearly fourfold (P < 0.0001), and the number of ghrelin-positive cells was increased or unchanged. In contrast, plasma ghrelin changes after H. pylori cure were inversely correlated with both body weight change (P < 0.0001) and initial plasma ghrelin levels (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Changes in plasma ghrelin concentrations before and after H. pylori cure were inversely correlated with body weight change and initial plasma ghrelin levels but not with gastric ghrelin production in Japanese patients.
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Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/uso terapéutico , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Gastritis/metabolismo , Infecciones por Helicobacter/metabolismo , Hormonas Peptídicas/sangre , Hormonas Peptídicas/metabolismo , Amoxicilina/uso terapéutico , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Biopsia , Peso Corporal , Claritromicina/uso terapéutico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Endoscopía Gastrointestinal , Estudios de Seguimiento , Mucosa Gástrica/microbiología , Mucosa Gástrica/patología , Gastritis/tratamiento farmacológico , Gastritis/patología , Expresión Génica , Ghrelina , Hormona del Crecimiento , Infecciones por Helicobacter/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Helicobacter/patología , Helicobacter pylori/efectos de los fármacos , Helicobacter pylori/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Hormonas Peptídicas/genética , Pronóstico , Inhibidores de la Bomba de Protones , ARN Mensajero/genética , Estudios Retrospectivos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa InversaRESUMEN
To assess the genotoxicity of 14 chemical agents used as locally applied agents in dental practice, the ability of these agents to elicit chromosome aberrations was examined using Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells. Chromosome aberrations in SHE cells were induced by treatment with three of eight chemical agents used as endodontic medicaments, i.e. ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), formocresol (a mixture of formalin and tricresol), and sodium arsenite. The other five chemical agents, i.e. chloramphenicol, p-chlorophenol, p-phenolsulfonic acid, sodium hypochlorite, and tetracycline hydrochloride exhibited a negative response for chromosome aberrations. Assessment of three dyes used for disclosing dental plaque showed chromosome aberrations induced by basic fuchsin but not by acid fuchsin and erythrosine B. Three local anesthetics, lidocaine hydrochloride, prilocaine hydrochloride, and procaine hydrochloride, were negative for chromosome aberrations. Among the ten chemical agents that exhibited a negative response in the assay, p-chlorophenol, sodium hypochlorite, and erythrosine B induced chromosome aberrations in SHE cells when treated in the presence of exogenous metabolic activation. The percentages of cells with polyploidy or endoreduplication were enhanced by formocresol, sodium arsenite, p-chlorophenol, p-phenolsulfonic acid, sodium hypochlorite, erythrosine B, prilocaine hydrochloride, and procaine hydrochloride in the absence or presence of exogenous metabolic activation. Our results indicate that the chemical agents that had a positive response in the present study are potentially genotoxic to mammalian cells.
Asunto(s)
Aberraciones Cromosómicas , Materiales Dentales/toxicidad , Embrión de Mamíferos/efectos de los fármacos , Mutágenos/toxicidad , Anestésicos/administración & dosificación , Animales , Arsenitos/toxicidad , Bencenosulfonatos/toxicidad , Cloranfenicol/toxicidad , Clorofenoles/toxicidad , Ensayo de Unidades Formadoras de Colonias , Cricetinae , Desinfectantes Dentales/toxicidad , Ácido Edético/toxicidad , Embrión de Mamíferos/citología , Formocresoles/toxicidad , Duplicación de Gen , Mesocricetus , Poliploidía , Irrigantes del Conducto Radicular/toxicidad , Compuestos de Sodio/toxicidad , Hipoclorito de Sodio/toxicidad , Tetraciclina/toxicidadRESUMEN
To assess the genotoxicity of 14 chemical agents used in dental practice, the ability of these agents to induce chromosome aberrations was examined using Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells. Statistically significant increases in the frequencies of chromosome aberrations were induced in SHE cells treated with 7 of 10 chemical agents used as endodontic medicaments, that is, carbol camphor, m-cresol, eugenol, guaiacol, zinc oxide, hydrogen peroxide, and formaldehyde. The other 3 chemical agents, that is, thymol, glutaraldehyde, and iodoform, did not increase the levels of chromosome aberrations. Of the 4 chemical agents that are used as an antiseptic on the oral mucosa, chromosome aberrations were induced by iodine, but not by the other 3 antiseptics, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, and chlorhexidine. Among the 6 chemical agents exhibiting a negative response in the assay, only thymol induced chromosome aberrations in the presence of exogenous metabolic activation. Our results indicate that chemical agents having a positive response in the present study are potentially genotoxic to mammalian cells and need to be studied further in detail.
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Aberraciones Cromosómicas/inducido químicamente , Desinfectantes Dentales/toxicidad , Odontología/métodos , Mesocricetus/genética , Irrigantes del Conducto Radicular/toxicidad , Animales , Biotransformación/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Cricetinae , Desinfectantes Dentales/química , Desinfectantes Dentales/clasificación , Guayacol/química , Guayacol/toxicidad , Mesocricetus/embriología , Microsomas Hepáticos/efectos de los fármacos , Microsomas Hepáticos/metabolismo , Pruebas de Mutagenicidad/métodos , Mutágenos/química , Mutágenos/toxicidad , Ratas , Irrigantes del Conducto Radicular/química , Irrigantes del Conducto Radicular/clasificación , Óxido de Zinc/química , Óxido de Zinc/toxicidadRESUMEN
The mechanism whereby a region-specific deposition of the two types of cementum (cellular cementum and acellular extrinsic fibre cementum) is regulated on the growing root surface was tested using bisphosphonate-affected teeth of young rats and guinea pigs. The animals were injected subcutaneously with 8 or 10 mg P x kg body weight(-1) x day(-1) of 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate (HEBP) for 1 or 2 weeks. In rat molars, HEBP prevented mineralization of newly formed root dentin matrix and totally inhibited de novo deposition of acellular extrinsic fibre cementum. Instead, thick cellular cementum was induced on the non-mineralized root dentin surface, irrespective of the position of the root. In both animals, cellular cementum was also induced on the non-mineralized surface of root analogue dentin in HEBP-affected incisors, where only acellular extrinsic fibre cementum is deposited under normal conditions. In normal rat molars, dentin sialoprotein (DSP) was concentrated along the dentin-cellular cementum border, but not that of dentin and acellular extrinsic fibre cementum. In HEBP-affected rat incisors, DSP was shown to penetrate through the non-mineralized dentin into the surrounding tissues, but not through the mineralized portions. These data suggest that, at the site of cellular cementum formation, putative inducing factors for cellular cementum might diffuse into the periodontal space through the newly deposited mantle dentin matrix before it is mineralized. At earlier stages of root formation, mantle dentin might mineralize more promptly not to allow such diffusion. The timing of mineralization of mantle dentin matrix might be the key determinant of the types of the cementum deposited on the growing root surface.
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Cementogénesis , Cemento Dental/metabolismo , Dentina/metabolismo , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Incisivo , Diente Molar , Animales , Dentina/química , Difosfonatos/química , Difosfonatos/farmacología , Femenino , Cobayas , Incisivo/citología , Incisivo/efectos de los fármacos , Incisivo/fisiología , Masculino , Diente Molar/citología , Diente Molar/efectos de los fármacos , Diente Molar/fisiología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Raíz del DienteRESUMEN
We recently reported the presence of high concentrations of a Ca-binding matrix in the circumpulpal dentin of rat incisors which had been prevented from mineralization by a systemic administration of 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate (HEBP), a type of bisphosphonates, thus suggesting the role of the putative Ca-binding matrix in the appositional mineralization of circumpulpal dentin (TAKANO et al., 1998, 2000; OHMA et al., 2000). In this study, we examined the distribution of Ca-binding domains in the pulp tissue of normal rat teeth and its changes under the influence of HEBP, in order to identify and clarify the role of the Ca-binding matrix in the physiological process of dentin mineralization. Observation of the normal rat tooth pulp showed occasional, tiny extracellular deposits of Ca-enriched material in the odontoblast layer, associated primarily with pericapillary regions. Such deposits were immunopositive for dentin sialoprotein (DSP), displayed high levels of X-ray peaks for calcium and phosphorus, and showed a drastic increase in amount by daily injections of HEBP. A brief vascular perfusion of high Ca-containing solution in normal animals caused the extensive deposition of Ca-P complexes along the basolateral membranes of odontoblasts but not in the other regions of the pulp tissue. These data suggest the existence of DSP-enriched extracellular Ca-binding domains in the odontoblast layer and also indicate a novel Ca-binding property of the basolateral membranes of odontoblasts. Since DSP is primarily synthesized as dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and later cleaved into dentin phosphophoryn (DPP) and DSP in odontoblasts, and since DSP has no notable affinity for Ca, the sites of DSP-immunopositive Ca-P deposits in the odontoblast layer may also contain DPP, a highly phosphorylated acidic protein having a strong binding property for calcium. Characteristic Ca-binding properties seen in the odontoblast layer appear to be related to the regulation of the appositional mineralization of circumpulpal dentin.