RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Develop a Conservative Kidney Management (CKM) Pathway for patients unlikely to benefit from dialysis. We sought to determine (1) core components of care and (2) implementation strategies across a multisector healthcare system. DESIGN: We used the Knowledge to Action Cycle and the Theoretical Domains Framework to identify barriers and facilitators to CKM. Activities included a current state assessment, World Cafés, interviews, focus groups and readiness for change assessments. SETTING: A provincial initiative in Alberta, Canada. PARTICIPANTS: 282 participants were purposively selected to reflect those involved in the care of patients receiving CKM. This included policy-makers, multidisciplinary healthcare professionals, patients and their family. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Theoretical domains linked to pathway content and implementation strategies. RESULTS: Environmental context and resources, social/professional role and identity, knowledge and social influences were the most influential behaviour change domains identified. The most effective strategies for facilitating behaviour change were identified to be education, training, environmental restructuring and modelling. Core components of care were determined to be guidelines for treating symptoms and disease complications consistent with the philosophy of CKM, timely communication of the choice for CKM, coordination with community services, crisis planning, advance care planning and tools to enhance patients' capacity for self-management and shared decision-making. This resulted in development of Alberta's CKM Pathway, an interactive, digital, decision-support tool consisting of: (1) a patient decision aid; (2) a patient/family portal; and (3) a healthcare professional portal, where all resources can be freely accessed. CONCLUSIONS: The pathway was codesigned by patients and healthcare professionals and involves tailor-made combinations of tools to address unique patient needs and system-community circumstances. Most of the strategies are adaptable to local context and are likely translatable to the implementation of sustainable CKM in other national and international jurisdictions.
Asunto(s)
Personal de Salud , Diálisis Renal , Alberta , Atención a la Salud , Humanos , RiñónRESUMEN
Conservative kidney management is increasingly accepted as an appropriate treatment option for patients with eGFR category 5 CKD who are unlikely to benefit from dialysis and/or who choose a nondialysis care option. However, there remains great variation in the delivery of their care. As part of the development of a conservative kidney management pathway that is undergoing evaluation, a set of recommendations specific to conservative kidney management for managing the complications of CKD and common symptoms was developed. These recommendations focus on the patient's values and preferences and aim to optimize comfort and quality of life. Explanations for the interventions are provided to support the shared decision-making process between health care professionals, patients, and family members. The recommendations generally emphasize the preservation of function (cognitive, physical, and kidney) and address symptom burden, acknowledging that management priorities can change over time. The recommendations should be used in conjunction with other key elements of conservative kidney management, including clear communication and shared decision making for choosing conservative kidney management, advance care planning, and psychosocial support. Although there are limitations to the existing evidence specific to conservative kidney management, these recommendations are intended as a starting point toward reaching consensus and generating further evidence.
Asunto(s)
Tratamiento Conservador/normas , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/terapia , Humanos , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/complicacionesRESUMEN
As the number of Canadians living with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) continues to grow, even higher numbers are living with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Many of these people will eventually require renal replacement therapy (RRT), either dialysis or transplantation. More than 50% of patients starting RRT today are aged 65 or older, with the fastest growing group being patients 75 years and older. Despite advances to dialysis technology and dialysis care, the mortality rates remain high and dialysis patients' end-of-life care may not align with their preferences or values. Advance care planning (ACP) is an essential component of quality comprehensive kidney care. Kidney care teams develop strong relationships with their patients and are well positioned to integrate ACP into routine kidney care. This article defines ACP, outlines the essential components of ACP, and discusses the benefits, challenges, and special considerations of ACP. By enhancing the kidney care team's understanding of ACP, this article aims to assist in integrating ACP into routine kidney care for patients with advanced CKD.
Asunto(s)
Planificación Anticipada de Atención/organización & administración , Educación del Paciente como Asunto/organización & administración , Participación del Paciente , Relaciones Médico-Paciente , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/terapia , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Canadá , HumanosRESUMEN
The past five decades have shown a tremendous growth, world wide, in the number of patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Patients with advanced CKD today are notably older, have significant comorbidity, substantial symptom burden and, ultimately, have high mortality. Subsequently, there is an increased global awareness of the need to integrate palliative care into routine kidney care to enhance the quality of life and death for patients with advanced CKD. This article outlines a conceptual framework for kidney palliative care for patients with advanced CKD and discusses issues such as symptom burden, illness trajectories, advance care planning, and complex decision-making, including decisions around the appropriate initiation, withholding and withdrawal of dialysis, and the potential palliative care roles and responsibilities for nursing staff within kidney care programs.