RESUMEN
In support of ongoing immunologic studies on immunity to Plasmodium falciparum, demographic, entomologic, parasitologic, and clinical studies were conducted in two Cameroonian villages located 3 km apart. Simbok (population = 907) has pools of water present year round that provide breeding sites for Anopheles gambiae, whereas Etoa (population = 485) has swampy areas that dry up annually in which A. funestus breed. Results showed that individuals in Simbok receive an estimated 1.9 and 1.2 infectious bites per night in the wet and dry season, respectively, whereas individuals in Etoa receive 2.4 and 0.4 infectious bites per night, respectively. Although transmission patterns differ, the rate of acquisition of immunity to malaria appears to be similar in both villages. A prevalence of 50-75% was found in children < 10 years old, variable levels in children 11-15 years old, and 31% in adults. Thus, as reported in other parts of Africa, individuals exposed to continuous transmission of P. falciparum slowly acquired significant, but not complete, immunity.
Asunto(s)
Anopheles/parasitología , Malaria Falciparum/epidemiología , Malaria Falciparum/inmunología , Plasmodium falciparum/aislamiento & purificación , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Anciano , Animales , Anopheles/clasificación , Camerún/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Vectores de Enfermedades , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Estudios Longitudinales , Malaria Falciparum/transmisión , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Plasmodium falciparum/inmunología , Plasmodium falciparum/parasitología , Prevalencia , Estaciones del AñoRESUMEN
The present paper describes a rapid assessment that was carried out in Cameroon from March to November 1994 and presents a summary of the findings and recommendations. It was the first rapid assessment study conducted by Cameroon in collaboration with the Economic Community of Central African States, with technical assistance from the World Health Organization and the support of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme. It was hoped that the study would help to fill gaps in the information available on drug abuser profiles, the types of drugs abused and the response of the community to drug abuse in Cameroon. In focus group discussions, key informant interviews and interviews with drug abusers, it was revealed that Cameroon was not only used by drug traffickers as a transit country, but was also a drug-consuming country. The drug consumers were both males and females from all age groups. The drugs consumed ranged from traditional drugs to imported cocaine and heroin. Cannabis was the most frequently consumed drug, followed by amphetamine-type tablets and a broad range of pharmaceuticals. Solvents were mainly consumed by street children in northern Cameroon. Local beer and gin also held a special place in society. In order to tackle the existing problems, programmes offering preventive education and alternative forms of recreation for youth were necessary, and national policies on demand and supply reduction should be harmonized.
Asunto(s)
Vigilancia de la Población/métodos , Detección de Abuso de Sustancias/métodos , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/epidemiología , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/prevención & control , Adolescente , Adulto , Camerún/epidemiología , Niño , Estudios de Factibilidad , Femenino , Grupos Focales , Educación en Salud/organización & administración , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Política de Salud , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Evaluación de Necesidades , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Pour limiter l'expansion de l'infection a VIH une etude socio-spaciale s'avere necessaire. En Afrique Centrale; la prevalence presente une situation contrastee; d'un cote l'expansion est rapide et lente de l'autre. Malgre une relative accalmie dans les grandes metropoles; on note une nette expansion dans les centres urbains secondaires