RESUMEN

Background: Osteoporosis remains substantially underdiagnosed and undertreated worldwide. Chest low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) may provide a valuable and popular opportunity for osteoporosis screening. This study sought to evaluate the feasibility of the screening of low bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis with mean attenuation values of the lower thoracic compared to upper lumbar vertebrae. The cutoff thresholds of the mean attenuation values in Hounsfield units (HU) were derived to facilitate implementation of opportunistic screening using chest LDCT. Methods: The participants aged 30 years or older who underwent chest LDCT and quantitative computed tomography (QCT) examinations from August 2018 to October 2020 in our hospital were consecutively included in this retrospective study. A region of interest (ROI) was placed in the trabecular bone of each vertebral body to measure the HU values. The correlations of mean HU values of lower thoracic (T11-T12) and upper lumbar (L1-L2) vertebrae with age and lumbar BMD obtained with QCT were performed using the Pearson correlation coefficient, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was generated to determine the cutoff thresholds for distinguishing low BMD from normal and osteoporosis from non-osteoporosis. Results: A total of 1,112 participants were included in the final study cohort (743 men and 369 women, mean age 58.2±8.9 years; range, 32-88 years). The mean HU values of T11-T12 and L1-L2 were significantly different among 3 QCT-defined BMD categories of osteoporosis, osteopenia, and normal (P<0.001). The differences in HU values between T11-T12 and L1-L2 in each category of bone status were statistically significant (P<0.001). The mean HU values of T11-T12 (r=-0.453, P<0.001) and L1-L2 (r=-0.498, P<0.001) had negative correlations with age. Positive correlations were observed between the mean HU values of T11-T12 (r=0.872, P<0.001) and L1-L2 (r=0.899, P<0.001) with BMD. The optimal cutoff thresholds for distinguishing low BMD from normal were average T11-T12 ≤157 HU [AUC =0.941, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.925-0.954, P<0.001] and L1-L2 ≤138 HU (AUC =0.950, 95% CI: 0.935-0.962, P<0.001), as well as distinguishing osteoporosis from non-osteoporosis were average T11-T12 ≤125 HU (AUC =0.960, 95% CI: 0.947-0.971, P<0.001) and L1-L2 ≤107 HU (AUC =0.961, 95% CI: 0.948-0.972, P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the AUC values of T11-T12 and L1-L2 for low BMD (P=0.07) and osteoporosis (P=0.92) screening. Conclusions: We have conducted a study on low BMD and osteoporosis screening using mean attenuation values of lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae. Assessment of mean attenuation values of T11-T12 and L1-L2 can be used interchangeably for low BMD and osteoporosis screening using chest LDCT, and their cutoff thresholds were established.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Endoscopic assessment of Helicobacter pylori infection is a simple and effective method. Here, we aimed to develop a deep learning-based system named Intelligent Detection Endoscopic Assistant-Helicobacter pylori (IDEA-HP) to assess H. pylori infection by using endoscopic videos in real time. METHODS: Endoscopic data were retrospectively obtained from Zhejiang Cancer Hospital (ZJCH) for the development, validation, and testing of the system. Stored videos from ZJCH were used for assessing and comparing the performance of IDEA-HP with that of endoscopists. Prospective consecutive patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy were enrolled to assess the applicability of clinical practice. The urea breath test was used as the gold standard for diagnosing H. pylori infection. RESULTS: In 100 videos, IDEA-HP achieved a similar overall accuracy of assessing H. pylori infection to that of experts (84.0% vs. 83.6% [P = 0.729]). Nevertheless, the diagnostic accuracy (84.0% vs. 74.0% [P<0.001]) and sensitivity (82.0% vs. 67.2% [P<0.001]) of IDEA-HP were significantly higher than those of the beginners. In 191 prospective consecutive patients, IDEA-HP achieved accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 85.3% (95% CI: 79.0%-89.3%), 83.3% (95% CI: 72.8%-90.5%), and 85.8% (95% CI: 77.7%-91.4%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that IDEA-HP has great potential for assisting endoscopists in assessing H. pylori infection status during actual clinical work.

Asunto(s)

Aprendizaje Profundo , Infecciones por Helicobacter , Helicobacter pylori , Humanos , Infecciones por Helicobacter/diagnóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estudios Prospectivos , Pruebas Respiratorias/métodos , Sensibilidad y Especificidad

RESUMEN

Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix Cocta is one of the most commonly used medicinal materials in Mongolian medicine. Due to the strong toxicity of Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix Cocta, Mongolian medicine often uses Chebulae Fructus, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma to reduce the toxicity, so as to ensure the curative effect of Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix Cocta while ensuring its clinical curative effect, but the mechanism is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Chebulae Fructus, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix Cocta on the mRNA transcription and protein translation of cytochrome P450(CYP450) in the liver of normal rats. Male SD rats were randomly divided into negative control(NC) group, phenobarbital(PB) group(0.08 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), Chebulae Fructus group(0.254 2 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma group(0.254 2 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix Cocta group(0.254 2 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))and compatibility group(0.254 2 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),taking Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix Cocta as the standard). After continuous administration for 8 days, the activities of total bile acid(TBA), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), amino-transferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)in serum were detected, the pathological changes of liver tissue were observed, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of CYP1 A2, CYP2 C11 and CYP3 A1 were observed. Compared with the NC group, the serum ALP, ALT and AST activities in the Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix Cocta group were significantly increased, and the ALP, ALT and AST activities were decreased after compatibility. At the same time, compatibility could reduce the liver injury caused by Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix Cocta. The results showed that Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix Cocta could inhibit the expression of CYP1 A2, CYP2 C11 and CYP3 A1, and could up-regulate the expression of CYP1 A2, CYP2 C11 and CYP3 A1 when combined with Chebulae Fructus and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. The level of translation was consistent with that of transcription. The compatibility of Chebulae Fructus and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma with Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix Cocta could up-regulate the expression of CYP450 enzyme, reduce the accumulation time of aconitine in vivo, and play a role in reducing toxicity, and this effect may start from gene transcription.

Asunto(s)

Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Sistema Enzimático del Citocromo P-450/genética , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Glycyrrhiza , Hígado , Extractos Vegetales , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Terminalia

RESUMEN

Programmed cell death 1 ligand (PD-L1) blockade has been used therapeutically in the treatment of ovarian cancer, and potential combination treatment approaches are under investigation to improve the treatment response rate. The increased dependence on glutamine is widely observed in various type of tumors, including ovarian cancer. Kidney-type glutaminase (GLS), as one of the isotypes of glutaminase, is found to promote tumorigenesis. Here, we have demonstrated that the combined treatment with GLS inhibitor 968 and PD-L1 blockade enhances the immune response against ovarian cancer. Survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier plotter dataset from ovarian cancer patients revealed that the expression level of GLS predicts poor survival and correlates with the immunosuppressive microenvironment of ovarian cancer. 968 inhibits the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells and enhances granzyme B secretion by CD8+ T cells as detected by XTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Furthermore, 968 enhances the apoptosis-inducing ability of CD8+ T cells toward cancer cells and improves the treatment effect of anti-PD-L1 in treating ovarian cancer as assessed by Annexin V apoptosis assay. In vivo studies demonstrated the prolonged overall survival upon combined treatment of 968 with anti-PD-L1 accompanied by increased granzyme B secretion by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells isolated from ovarian tumor xenografts. Additionally, 968 increases the infiltration of CD3+ T cells into tumors, possibly through enhancing the secretion of CXCL10 and CXCL11 by tumor cells. In conclusion, our findings provide a novel insight into ovarian cancer cells influence the immune system in the tumor microenvironment and highlight the potential clinical implication of combination of immune checkpoints with GLS inhibitor 968 in treating ovarian cancer.

Asunto(s)

Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administración & dosificación , Benzofenantridinas/administración & dosificación , Glutaminasa/genética , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias Ováricas/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacología , Benzofenantridinas/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/farmacología , Ratones , Neoplasias Ováricas/genética , Neoplasias Ováricas/metabolismo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Microambiente Tumoral/efectos de los fármacos , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto

RESUMEN

The loss of biodiversity in the ecosystems has created the general conditions that have favored and, in fact, made possible, the insurgence of the COVID-19 pandemic. A lot of factors have contributed to it: deforestation, changes in forest habitats, poorly regulated agricultural surfaces, mismanaged urban growth. They have altered the composition of wildlife communities, greatly increased the contacts of humans with wildlife, and altered niches that harbor pathogens, increasing their chances to come in contact with humans. Among the wildlife, bats have adapted easily to anthropized environments such as houses, barns, cultivated fields, orchards, where they found the suitable ecosystem to prosper. Bats are major hosts for αCoV and ßCoV: evolution has shaped their peculiar physiology and their immune system in a way that makes them resistant to viral pathogens that would instead successfully attack other species, including humans. In time, the coronaviruses that bats host as reservoirs have undergone recombination and other modifications that have increased their ability for inter-species transmission: one modification of particular importance has been the development of the ability to use ACE2 as a receptor in host cells. This particular development in CoVs has been responsible for the serious outbreaks in the last two decades, and for the present COVID-19 pandemic.

Asunto(s)

Biodiversidad , COVID-19/transmisión , Quirópteros/virología , Reservorios de Enfermedades/virología , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2/genética , Zoonosis/transmisión , Animales , COVID-19/virología , Evolución Molecular , Variación Genética , Humanos , Zoonosis/virología

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Observation of the entire stomach during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is important; however, there is a lack of effective evaluation tools. AIMS: To develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted EGD system able to automatically monitor blind spots in real-time. METHODS: An AI-based system, called the Intelligent Detection Endoscopic Assistant (IDEA), was developed using a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM). The performance of IDEA for recognition of gastric sites in images and videos was evaluated. Primary outcomes included diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. RESULTS: A total of 170,297 images and 5779 endoscopic videos were collected to develop the system. As the test group, 3100 EGD images were acquired to evaluate the performance of DCNN in recognition of gastric sites in images. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of DCNN were determined as 97.18%,99.91%, and 99.83%, respectively. To assess the performance of IDEA in recognition of gastric sites in EGD videos, 129 videos were used as the test group. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of IDEA were 96.29%,93.32%, and 95.30%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: IDEA achieved high accuracy for recognition of gastric sites in real-time. The system can be applied as a powerful assistant tool for monitoring blind spots during EGD.

Asunto(s)

Inteligencia Artificial , Endoscopía del Sistema Digestivo , Redes Neurales de la Computación , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico , Competencia Clínica , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Monitoreo Fisiológico , Variaciones Dependientes del Observador , Sensibilidad y Especificidad

RESUMEN

Primary pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma (PEAC) is a rare subtype of primary lung adenocarcinoma. However, it is not known whether there are any distinctive clinical or molecular features.PEACs were retrospectively identified in 28 patients from July 2014 to June 2016. We compared the clinicopathological, radiographic, and oncogenic characteristics of PEAC and primary pulmonary invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC).A total of 28 PEAC patients and 92 IAC patients were compared. PEAC occurred more frequently in males (P = .008), in older patients (P = .041), in those with larger lesions (P = .001), and in those in a more advanced stage (P = .011). Radiologically, PEAC patients had larger lesions (P = .025) and more solid (P = .006); however, there were no statistically significant differences in lobulation, spiculation, pleural indentation, pleural effusion, and lymphadenopathy between PEAC and IAC. PEAC had higher values of carcinoembryonic antigen (P = .008) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (P < .001) than IAC. PEAC had a higher incidence (40% vs 63%, P < .001) of Kristen rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutations and a lower incidence (10.71% vs 3.3%, P < .001) of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. Villin may be a useful marker in the differential diagnosis of PEAC. KRAS mutations occurred more frequently in PEACs, which are cytokeratin 7-negative (P = .032). EGFR mutation rates were higher in PEACs, which are cytokeratin 20- and caudal type homeobox transcription factor 2-negative (P = .041).PEAC is a rare and heterogeneous nonsmall-cell lung cancer subgroup with distinctive clinicopathological, radiographic, and molecular features. These results need to be further confirmed in future studies.

Asunto(s)

Adenocarcinoma , Neoplasias del Colon/diagnóstico , Receptores ErbB/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Pulmón , Proteínas de Microfilamentos/análisis , Metástasis de la Neoplasia/diagnóstico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas p21(ras)/genética , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma/genética , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón , Anciano , Biomarcadores/análisis , Antígeno Carcinoembrionario/análisis , Neoplasias del Colon/patología , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Humanos , Pulmón/diagnóstico por imagen , Pulmón/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Invasividad Neoplásica , Estadística como Asunto , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos

RESUMEN

Chest radiograph performed in a 61-year-old woman to evaluate cough showed a large mass in the right lung. On chest CT images, the mass was measured approximately 8.5 cm. Malignancy was considered, and bone scintigraphy was performed to assess possible osseous metastases. The bone scan images demonstrated increased tracer uptake by the lung mass. The mass was surgically resected, and the pathologic examination confirmed the rare diagnosis of a malignancy solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura.

Asunto(s)

Tumor Fibroso Solitario Pleural/diagnóstico por imagen , Huesos/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Radiografía Torácica , Cintigrafía , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X

RESUMEN

Field trails were carried to study the effects of tobacco straw incorporation and potassium (K) fertilizer on rice yield, K uptake and use efficiency, and its substitute for K fertilizer under different paddy soil K levels in tobacco-rice rotation areas. Results showed that both tobacco straw incorporation (2250 kg·hm-2) and K fertilizer application (75 kg K2O ·hm-2) could increase grain yield and aboveground K uptake of rice. The treatment of tobacco straw incorporation with K fertilizer (St+NPK) got the best effect on rice yield compared with the control (NP). In this treatment (St+NPK), rice yields were increased by 13.3%, 17.1% and 13.5% for low-K soil (available potassium content < 100 mg·kg-1), middle-K soil (available potassium content 100-150 mg·kg-1) and high-K soil (available potassium content > 150 mg·kg-1), respectively, compared with NP. Tobacco straw incorporation (St+NP) could increase K fertilizer recovery efficiency and K fertilizer agronomic efficiency. Under the current practice of applying 75 kg K2O·hm-2, St+NPK showed no significant effect on K fertilizer recovery efficiency and K fertilizer agronomic efficiency, demonstrating that the recommended rate of K fertilizer might be more than the actual demand of rice growth. More importantly, data of tobacco straw substitute for K fertilizer showed that tobacco straw incorporation could replace 10%-22% K fertilizer during rice growing season, i.e. K fertilizer could be reduced by 7.2-16.5 kg·hm-2 for rice under the condition of tobacco straw incorporation. Therefore, it was suggested that straw incorporation could reduce the rate of K fertilizer for high-K soil, but the current K fertilizer inputs (75 kg K2O·hm-2) should be supplied to get high rice yield and maintain the soil potassium balance for low-K soil and middle-K soil.

Asunto(s)

Fertilizantes , Nicotiana , Oryza/fisiología , Potasio/química , Agricultura , Suelo/química

RESUMEN

A field micro-plot experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different placement methods and types of phosphorus (P) fertilizer on winter wheat growth and phosphorus uptake. P fertilizer types included monocalcium phosphate (MCP) and diammonium phosphate (DAP). P fertilizer application methods included: 1) surface broadcasting (S); 2) banding 5 cm below seeds (B0); 3) banding 5 cm below and 3 cm away from seeds (B3); 4) banding 5 cm below and 10 cm away from seeds (B10); 5) mixing with the 20% of the top soil below seeds (M). The result showed that B0 had the best effect on increasing yield, reached 7.63 t·hm-2 in MCP-B0 and 7.99 t·hm-2 in DAP-B0, which increased 10.3% and 10.7%, respectively compared with surface broadcasting. B10 had the lowest grain yield (6.60-6.77 t·hm-2). The total P uptake by wheat in B0 and M was at a relatively high level (34.42-35.60 kg·hm-2), B10 performed worst at all growth stages of wheat, while P uptake of DAP-B10 was 11.9% higher than MCP-B10. These results indicated that concentrating P fertilizer in a short distance near the seeds was an optimized application method for winter wheat in this region, and DAP performed better than MCP on P uptake and utilization of wheat under far banding.

Asunto(s)

Agricultura/métodos , Fertilizantes , Fósforo/metabolismo , Triticum/crecimiento & desarrollo , Triticum/metabolismo , Fosfatos de Calcio , Grano Comestible/crecimiento & desarrollo , Grano Comestible/metabolismo , Fosfatos , Semillas , Suelo

RESUMEN

Pseudolaric acid B (PB) derivatives with immunosuppressive activity were found by our group. In order to find potential immunosuppressive agents with high efficacy and low toxicity, a series of novel PB derivatives were synthesized and evaluated on their immunosuppressive activities. Most of the synthesized compounds were tested in vitro on murine T and B proliferation. In particular, compound 11 exhibited excellent inhibitory activity toward murine T cells (up to 19-fold enhancement compared to that of mycophenolatemofetil) and little cytotoxicity toward normal murine spleen cells. These experimental data demonstrated that some of these PB derivatives have great potential for future immunosuppressive studies.

Asunto(s)

Diterpenos/síntesis química , Diterpenos/farmacología , Inmunosupresores/aislamiento & purificación , Inmunosupresores/farmacología , Animales , Diterpenos/química , Inmunosupresores/química , Ratones , Estructura Molecular , Linfocitos T/efectos de los fármacos

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: This systemic analysis was conducted to to evaluate the application value of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in early diagnosis of lung cancer. METHODS: Clinical studies evaluating the application value of PET/CT for patients underwent PET/CT imaging. The histological diagnosis served as the standard of truth. RESULTS: Four clinical studies which including 1330 patients with pulmonary space- occupying lesions were considered eligible for inclusion. Systemic analysis suggested that, in all 1330 patients, pooled sensitivity was 98.7% (1313.2/1330) and specificity was 58.2%(276.85/476). CONCLUSION: This systemic analysis suggests that integrated PET/CT imaging provides high sensitivity, and reasonably high specificity, and could be applied for early diagnosis of lung cancer.

Asunto(s)

Detección Precoz del Cáncer/métodos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Imagen Multimodal/métodos , Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones/métodos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Fluorodesoxiglucosa F18/farmacocinética , Humanos , Metaanálisis como Asunto , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , Radiofármacos/farmacocinética , Distribución Tisular

RESUMEN

Artemisinin and its derivatives have been reported to have immunosuppressive activity in some laboratory studies. However, the detail of mechanism remains to be demonstrated. The objective of this study is to clarify the immunosuppressive activity of artesunate (AST), one kind of artemisinin derivatives, and to find its unexplored mode of action. In vitro, the proliferation of T lymphocytes and its cytotoxicity were measured by WST-1 and MTT assay. In vivo, the immunomodulatory effect of AST was evaluated in a mouse model of delayed type hypersensitivity reaction (DTH), which was based on a T cell-mediated immune response. The data displayed that AST had a relatively high immunosuppressive activity with low toxicity, and could inhibit T lymphocyte proliferation induced by mitogen and alloantigen. Meanwhile, topical administration of AST could suppress DTH response significantly. Moreover, AST could also increase the secretion of TFG-ß, coupling with the striking enhance of NF-κB/p65 and Smad2/3 signaling. The promotion of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) was shown to be a possible mechanism involved in AST-mediated regulation. Taken together, these observations exhibit the potential of developing AST as a novel safe remedy for the treatment of T cell-mediated immune disorders.

Asunto(s)

Artemisininas/farmacología , Inmunosupresores/farmacología , Linfocitos T/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Artesunato , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Dinitrofluorobenceno , Oído/patología , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad Tardía/inducido químicamente , Hipersensibilidad Tardía/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad Tardía/patología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Proteína Smad2/inmunología , Proteína smad3/inmunología , Bazo/citología , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T/efectos de los fármacos , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T/inmunología , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Factor de Transcripción ReIA/inmunología , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/inmunología

RESUMEN

The acrylate-like materials were used to develop the polymer coated controlled release fertilizer, the nutrients release profiles were determined, meanwhile the Fourier transform mid-infrared photoacoustic spectra of the coatings were recorded and characterized; GRNN model was used to predict the nutrients release profiles using the principal components of the mid-infrared photoacoustic spectra as input. Results showed that the GRNN model could fast and effectively predict the nutrient release profiles, and the predicted calibration coefficients were more than 0.93; on the whole, the prediction errors (RMSE) were influenced by the profiling depth of the spectra, the average prediction error was 10.28%, and the spectra from the surface depth resulted in a lowest prediction error with 7.14%. Therefore, coupled with GRNN modeling, Fourier transform mid-infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy can be used as an alternative new technique in the fast and accurate prediction of nutrient release from polymer coated fertilizer.

Asunto(s)

Fertilizantes , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Acrilatos , Análisis de Fourier , Nitrógeno , Fósforo , Polímeros , Espectrofotometría Infrarroja , Análisis Espectral

RESUMEN

In the title compound, C(31)H(34)N(2)O(7), the fused tetra-hydro-furan and six-membered rings each display an envelope conformation. The dihedral angles between the benzene ring of the benzo[d][1,3]dioxole and the other two benzene rings are 89.68 (3) and 63.38 (2)°. In the crystal, weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The commonly used single tests, based on a 1-time measurement of a physiologic variable, are often poorly predictive of tracheal extubation outcome because they examine only a single aspect of physiological function that affects the extubation outcome. We hypothesized that the construction of a decision-tree model, which includes multiple variables and considers the changes of these variables, may more accurately predict successful extubation. METHODS: This was a prospective observational study. From 2007 to 2008, 113 elderly patients in the medical intensive care unit on ventilation for >48 hours were enrolled. All patients underwent a 60-minute spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) [positive end-expiratory pressure of 5 cm H(2)O; automatic tube compensation, 100%]. Patients tolerating the trial were extubated immediately. The mouth occlusion pressure (P(0.1)), rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI,) and their combination (P(0.1) × RSBI) were recorded at the first, 30th, and 60th minute of the SBT. The changes in RSBI, which were determined at the 30th and 60th minute of the SBT (ΔRSBI30, ΔRSBI60), were assessed as the ratio (of RSBI30 or RSBI60) to RSBI at the first minute of the SBT. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients (19.5%) failed the SBT and were not included in the analysis, and 91 tolerated the trial and were extubated. At 48 hours, 73 (80.2%) remained extubated (successful extubation), and 18 (19.8%) required reintubation (extubation failure). Although theΔRSBI(30) was significantly higher in the extubation failure patients (118% ± 34%) than that in the successful extubation patients (93% ± 35%, P = 0.01), the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated that this index, with the threshold of <98%, presented poor performance in predicting successful extubation with area under the ROC curve (AUC) of only 0.76. The classification and regression-tree analysis selected 3 variables (P(0.1) × RSBI(30), RSBI(1), ΔRSBI(30)) and began with P(0.1) × RSBI(30). For patients with P(0.1) × RSBI-(30) >474 cmH(2)O*breaths/min/L, ΔRSBI(30) >98% defined a group including all failure patients but no success patients, whereas ΔRSBI(30) ≤98% included all success patients with no failure patients. For patients with P(0.1) × RSBI(30) ≤474 cm H(2)O*breaths/min/L, the combination of both a P(0.1) × RSBI(30) >328 cm H(2)O*breaths/min/L and RSBI(1) >112 breaths/min/L also defined a group including all success patients but no failure patients. Indeed, the diagnostic accuracy (DA) of the tree model, which was 89.1% with only the P(0.1) × RSBI(30) included, increased to 94.5% when both the P(0.1) × RSBI(30) and ▵RSBI(30) were included. The final tree model with the inclusion of all 3 discriminators could capture the successful extubation with diagnostic accuracy of 96.7%, AUC of 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87 to 0.98). CONCLUSION: If the current tree model is confirmed by a prospective study with a larger sample size, it would be useful in guiding physicians making extubation decisions in elderly medical intensive care unit patients.

Asunto(s)

Técnicas de Apoyo para la Decisión , Árboles de Decisión , Intubación Intratraqueal , Pulmón/fisiopatología , Ventilación Pulmonar , Respiración Artificial , Pruebas de Función Respiratoria , Desconexión del Ventilador , Anciano , Algoritmos , China , Femenino , Humanos , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Masculino , Selección de Paciente , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Pronóstico , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Tiempo

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells are associated with serum TGF beta 1 in patients with hepatitis B. METHODS: Patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), chronic asymptomatic carriers (AsC), normal subjects (NS) and the resolved from HBV infection (Resolved) were recruited in this study. Flow cytometric analysis was used to detect the frequency and phenotype of peripheral CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells, and Foxp3 gene expression were examined by real time PCR. Serum TGF beta 1 levels were measured by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). RESULTS: Patients with CHB or AsC exhibited significantly higher frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells compared to healthy controls. CD4+CD25+ T cells derived from patients with CHB and AsC expressed higher level of Foxp3-mRNA. Furthermore, the frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells was correlated with serum HBV DNA copy numbers in patients with CHB and AsC. Our results indicated that the serum TGF beta was increased in CHB and AsC patients compared to control patients, and that serum TGF beta was correlated with the expression of Foxp3-mRNA and the frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in patients with CHB and AsC. CONCLUSIONS: The findings have important implication in the understanding of the role and mechanism of aberrant CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the maintenance of chronicity in hepatitis B patients.

Asunto(s)

Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/metabolismo , Hepatitis B Crónica/inmunología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunología , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/sangre , Adolescente , Adulto , Antígenos CD4/inmunología , Antígenos CD4/metabolismo , Portador Sano/sangre , Portador Sano/inmunología , Femenino , Citometría de Flujo , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/inmunología , Antígenos de Superficie de la Hepatitis B/sangre , Antígenos de Superficie de la Hepatitis B/inmunología , Hepatitis B Crónica/sangre , Humanos , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-2/inmunología , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Masculino , Fenotipo , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Linfocitos T Reguladores/virología , Carga Viral , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

Several 5-alkoxy-tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinazoline derivatives have been synthesized by reacting 2,4-dichloroquinazoline with various phenols or aliphatic alcohol and then with sodium azide. The structures of these compounds have been confirmed by IR, MS,( 1)H-NMR, and elementary analysis. Anticonvulsant activities were evaluated using the maximal electroshock (MES) test. Most of the synthesized compounds displayed weak anticonvulsant activity at a dose of 300 mg/kg. Antidepressant activities were investigated by forced swimming test. Two compounds, namely 5-(hexyloxy)tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinazoline and 5-(4-methoxyphenoxy)tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinazoline, showed significant antidepressant activity, which decreased the immobility time by 62.2 and 51.7% at 100 mg/kg dose level.

Asunto(s)

Anticonvulsivantes/síntesis química , Antidepresivos/síntesis química , Quinazolinas/síntesis química , Animales , Anticonvulsivantes/farmacología , Antidepresivos/farmacología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Ratones , Estructura Molecular , Quinazolinas/farmacología , Relación Estructura-Actividad

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To investigate of the relationship of the immunosuppression induced by Measles virus in adult patients and CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cell. METHODS: Thirty-four patients with measles and 27 healthy control subjects were included in this study. The whole blood was collected and CD4+ CD25+ cell and FoxP3+ cell were analyzed by flow cytometry, and CD4+ CD25- and CD4+ CD25+ T lymphocytes were isolated from PBMCs of patients with measles or healthy donors, CD4+ CD25- T cells were cultured in absence or presence of anti-CD3, or BCG, or live attenuated MV. The cell culture supernatant was collected after 72 hours and the concentration of IFN-gamma and IL-10 was determined. RESULTS: Compared to healthy donors, we observed a reduction of the number of white blood cells and lymphocytes in patients with measles, but there was not significantly different in the frequency of CD4+ CD25+ T cells and CD4+ CD25high T cells within the total CD4+ population in the blood. Treg from both measles patients and healthy controls significantly inhibited IFN-gamma production by CD4+ CD25- T cells in response to anti-CD3 stimulation. CONCLUSION: Induction and expansion of Treg may not represent a mechanism involved in the establishment of immune suppression by MV.

Asunto(s)

Activación de Linfocitos , Virus del Sarampión/inmunología , Sarampión/inmunología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunología , Adolescente , Adulto , Antígenos CD4/inmunología , Células Cultivadas , Femenino , Humanos , Terapia de Inmunosupresión , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-2/inmunología , Masculino , Sarampión/virología , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

Infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is a new style to obtain data based on photoacoustic theory. Photoacoustic thoeory is based on the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by analyte molecules, and the absorbed energy is measured by detecting pressure fluctuations in the form of sound waves or shock pulses. In contrast to conventional absorption spectroscopy, PAS allows the determination of absorption coefficients over several orders of magnitude, even in very black and strongly scattering soil samples. Red soil, fulvic soil and paddy soil were collected from Fengqiu National Ecological Experimental Station, Yingtan Red Soil Experimental Station, and Changshu Ecological Experimental Station, respectively. These soil samples were used as experimental materials to characterize the Fourier transform mid-infrared photoacoustic spectra (FTIR-PAS). Compared with infrared transmittance spectra and reflectance spectra, the testing of FTIR-PAS spectra was very fast and convenient without any pr-treatment, and there were more abundant absorptions as well as appropriate absorption values in the spectra; The main soil components (kaolin, bentonite, sand and CaCO3) also showed several strong absorptions with specific characteristics in the spectra; Further more, the interference of water with the PAS spectra was significantly smaller than that with reflectance spectra. Therefore, the soil properties could be better characterized by FTIR-PAS. The principal components analysis based on the FTIR-PAS spectra indicated that there were two main principal components (PCA1, PCA2) which contained 98.17% variance of the spectra, and the two-dimensionol distribution was made by plotting these two principal components to classify the soil type, and the results indicated that this distribution could be applied to distinguish soil type, which provided new technique for soil identification as well as further quantitative analysis in soil science.

Asunto(s)

Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier/métodos , Análisis de Componente Principal , Radiación , Suelo/análisis