RESUMEN

In alkaline media, slow water dissociation leads to poor overall hydrogen evolution performance. However, Ru catalysts have a certain water dissociation performance, thus regulating the Ru-H bond through vacancy engineering and accelerating water dissociation. Herein, an excellent Ru-based electrocatalyst for the alkaline HER has been developed by incorporating Ru into Se vacancy-containing CoSe2 (Ru-VSe-CoSe2). The results from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, kinetic isotope effect, and cyanide poisoning experiments for four catalysts (namely Ru-VSe-CoSe2, Ru-CoSe2, VSe-CoSe2, and CoSe2) reveal that Ru is the main active site in Ru-VSe-CoSe2 and the presence of Se vacancies greatly facilitates electron transfer from Co to Ru via a bridging Se atom. Thus, electron-rich Ru is formed to optimize the adsorption strength between the active site and H*, and ultimately facilitates the whole alkaline HER process. Consequently, Ru-VSe-CoSe2 exhibits an excellent HER activity with an ultrahigh mass activity of 44.2 A mgRu-1 (20% PtC exhibits only 3 A mgRu-1) and a much lower overpotential (29 mV at 10 mA cm-2) compared to Ru-CoSe2 (75 mV), VSe-CoSe2 (167 mV), CoSe2 (190 mV), and commercial Pt/C (41 mV). In addition, the practical application of Ru-VSe-CoSe2 is illustrated by designing a Zn-H2O alkaline battery with Ru-VSe-CoSe2 as the cathode catalyst, and this battery shows its potential application with a maximum power density of 4.9 mW cm-2 and can work continuously for over 10 h at 10 mA cm-2 without an obvious decay in voltage.

RESUMEN

A mechanism based on multiple hydrogen bonds was proposed to describe the great water stability of some hydrated Cu paddle-wheel-based MOFs, which was demonstrated through density functional theory (DFT) calculations and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) of water-loaded MOFs. This mechanism endowed Cu-TDPAT with exceptional water stability and outstanding atmospheric water harvesting capability.

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the combination of chemotherapy with staged Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) therapy could enhance health-related quality of life (QoL) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and prolong the time before deterioration of lung cancer symptoms, in comparison to chemotherapy alone. METHODS: A prospective, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial was conducted from December 14, 2017 to August 28, 2020. A total of 180 patients with stage I B-IIIA NSCLC from 5 hospitals in Shanghai were randomly divided into chemotherapy combined with CHM (chemo+CHM) group (120 cases) or chemotherapy combined with placebo (chemo+placebo) group (60 cases) using stratified blocking randomization. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality-of-Life-Core 30 Scale (QLQ-C30) was used to evaluate the patient-reported outcomes (PROs) during postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with early-stage NSCLC. Adverse events (AEs) were assessed in the safety analysis. RESULTS: Out of the total 180 patients, 173 patients (116 in the chemo+CHM group and 57 in the chemo+placebo group) were included in the PRO analyses. The initial mean QLQ-C30 Global Health Status (GHS)/QoL scores at baseline were 57.16 ± 1.64 and 57.67 ± 2.25 for the two respective groups (P>0.05). Compared with baseline, the chemo+CHM group had an improvement in EORTC QLQ-C30 GHS/QoL score at week 18 [least squares mean (LSM) change 17.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 14.29 to 21.38]. Conversely, the chemo+placebo group had a decrease in the score (LSM change -13.67, 95% CI -22.70 to -4.63). A significant between-group difference in the LSM GHS/QoL score was observed, amounting to 31.63 points (95% CI 25.61 to 37.64, P<0.001). The similar trends were observed in physical functioning, fatigue and appetite loss. At week 18, patients in the chemo+CHM group had a higher proportion of improvement or stabilization in GHS/QoL functional and symptom scores compared to chemo+placebo group (P<0.001). The median time to deterioration was longer in the chemo+CHM group for GHS/QoL score [hazard ratio (HR)=0.33, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.48, P<0.0010], physical functioning (HR=0.43, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.75, P=0.0005), fatigue (HR=0.47, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.72, P<0.0001) and appetite loss (HR=0.65, 95% CI 0.42 to 1.00, P=0.0215). The incidence of AEs was lower in the chemo+CHM group than in the chemo+placebo group (9.83% vs. 15.79%, P=0.52). CONCLUSION: The staged CHM therapy could help improve the PROs of postoperative patients with early-stage NSCLC during adjuvant chemotherapy, which is worthy of further clinical research. (Registry No. NCT03372694).

RESUMEN

The increasing use of carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) has led to its post-end-of-life recycling becoming a research focus. Herein, we studied the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of recycled carbon fiber (rCF) during CFRP pyrolysis by innovatively combining typical experiments with machine learning. We first comprehensively studied the effects of treatment time and temperature on the mechanical properties, graphitization degree, lattice parameters, and surface O content of rCF following pyrolysis and oxidation. The surface resin residue was found to largely affect the degradation of the mechanical properties of the rCF, whereas oxidation treatment effectively removes this residue and is the critical recycling condition that determines its mechanical properties. In contrast, pyrolysis affected graphitization in a more-pronounced manner. More importantly, a random forest machine-learning model (RF model) that optimizes using a particle swarm algorithm was developed based on 336 data points and used to determine the mechanical properties and microstructural parameters of rCF when treated under various pyrolysis and oxidation conditions. The constructed model was effectively used to forecast the recovery conditions for various rCF target requirements, with the predictions for different recycling conditions found to be in good agreement with the experimental data.

RESUMEN

As advances in RNA modification research progress, the significance of 5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification is being increasingly acknowledged. m5C undergoes modification by the methyltransferase NOP2/Sun domain (NSUN) family/DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) family (writer) and is removed by demethylases (eraser), including the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family and Alkb homolog 1 (ALKBH1). Moreover, m5C interacts with RNA-binding proteins (reader), such as Y-box-binding protein 1 (YBX1) and Aly/REF export factor (ALYREF). Expanding on this structural framework, m5C modification possesses the capacity to regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Recent studies indicate that m5C plays a pivotal regulatory role in the central nervous system, and its dysregulation may correlate with the onset and progression of various central nervous system diseases. In this review, we summarize recent research on m5C components and delve into the potential mechanisms of m5C involvement in central nervous system disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, brain tumors, epilepsy, and stroke.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Central , Humanos , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Central/metabolismo , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Central/genética , 5-Metilcitosina/metabolismo , Animales , ARN/metabolismo , ARN/genética

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The liver is a frequent site of metastasis in advanced gastric cancer (GC). Despite significant advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, the overall survival rate for patients afflicted with gastric cancer liver metastasis (GCLM) remains dismally low. Precision oncology has made significant progress in identifying therapeutic targets and enhancing our understanding of metastasis mechanisms through genome sequencing and molecular characterization. Therefore, it is crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of the various molecular processes involved in GCLM and the fundamental principles of systemic therapy to develop new treatment approaches. This paper aims to review recent findings on the diagnosis, potential biomarkers, and therapies targeting the multiple molecular processes of GCLM, with the goal of improving treatment strategies for patients with GCLM.

Asunto(s)

Genómica , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Neoplasias Gástricas/patología , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/terapia , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/secundario , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Genómica/métodos , Terapia Molecular Dirigida/métodos , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética

RESUMEN

Nanopores have emerged as highly sensitive biosensors operating at the single-molecule level. However, the majority of nanopore experiments still rely on averaging signals from multiple molecules, introducing systematic errors. To overcome this limitation and obtain accurate information from a single molecule, the molecular ping-pong methodology provides a precise approach involving repeated captures of a single molecule. In this study, we have enhanced the molecular ping-pong technique by incorporating a customized electronic system and control algorithm, resulting in a recapture number exceeding 10,000. During the ping-pong process, we observed a significant reduction in the variance of translocation characteristics, providing fresh insights into single-molecule translocation dynamics. An inhomogeneous translocation velocity of folded DNA has been revealed, illustrating a strong interaction between the molecule and the solid-state nanopore. The results not only promise heightened experimental efficiency with reduced sample volume but also increase the precision in statistical analysis of translocation events, marking a significant stride toward authentic single-molecule nanopore sensing.

Asunto(s)

ADN , Nanoporos , ADN/química , Algoritmos , Nanotecnología , Técnicas Biosensibles

RESUMEN

The outstanding catalytic properties of single-atom catalysts (SACs) stem from the maximum atom utilization and unique quantum size effects, leading to ever-increasing research interest in SACs in recent years. Ru-based SACs, which have shown excellent catalytic activity and selectivity, have been brought to the frontier of the research field due to their lower cost compared with other noble catalysts. The synthetic approaches for preparing Ru SACs are rather diverse in the open literature, covering a wide range of applications. In this review paper, we attempt to disclose the synthetic approaches for Ru-based SACs developed in the most recent years, such as defect engineering, coordination design, ion exchange, the dipping method, and electrochemical deposition etc., and discuss their representative applications in both electrochemical and organic reaction fields, with typical application examples given of: Li-CO2 batteries, N2 reduction, water splitting and oxidation of benzyl alcohols. The mechanisms behind their enhanced catalytic performance are discussed and their structure-property relationships are revealed in this review. Finally, future prospects and remaining unsolved issues with Ru SACs are also discussed so that a roadmap for the further development of Ru SACs is established.

RESUMEN

Antimony selenosulfide (Sb2(S,Se)3), featuring large absorption coefficient, excellent crystal structure stability, benign non-toxic characteristic, outstanding humidity and ultraviolet tolerability, has recently attracted enormous attention and research interest regarding its photoelectric conversion properties. However, the open-circuit voltage (Voc) for Sb2(S,Se)3-based photovoltaic devices is relatively low, especially for the device with a high power conversion efficiency (η). Herein, an innovative Se-elemental concentration gradient regulation strategy has been exploited to produce high-quality Sb2(S,Se)3 films on TiO2/CdS substrates through a thioacetamide(TA)-synergistic dual-sulfur source hydrothermal-processed method. The Se-elemental gradient distribution produces a favorable energy band structure, which suppresses the energy level barriers for hole transport and enhances the driving force for electron transport in Sb2(S,Se)3 film. This facilitates efficient charge transport/separation of photogenerated carriers and boosts significantly the Voc of Sb2(S,Se)3 photovoltaic devices. The champion TA-Sb2(S,Se)3 planar heterojunction (PHJ) solar cell displays an considerable η of 9.28 % accompanied by an exciting Voc rising to 0.70 V that is currently the highest among Sb2(S,Se)3-based solar cells with efficiencies exceeding 9.0 %. This research is anticipated to contribute to the preparation of high-quality Sb2(S,Se)3 thin film and the achievement of efficient inorganic Sb2(S,Se)3 PHJ photovoltaic device.

RESUMEN

Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) have been widely recognized as superior cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) owing to numerous merits. However, originating from the rapid crystal growth, PBAs still suffer from considerable vacancy defects and interstitial water, making the preparation of long-cycle-life PBAs the greatest challenge for its practical application. Herein, a novel equilibrium chelation strategy is first proposed to synthesize a high crystallinity (94.7%) PBAs, which is realized by modulating the chelating potency of strong chelating agents via "acid effect" to achieve a moderate chelating effect, forcefully breaking through the bottleneck of poor cyclic stability for PBAs cathodes. Impressively, the as-prepared highly crystalline PBAs represent an unprecedented level of electrochemical performance including ultra-long lifespan (10000 cycles with 86.32% capacity maintenance at 6 A g-1), excellent rate capability (82.0 mAh g-1 at 6 A g-1). Meanwhile, by pairing with commercial hard carbon, the as-prepared PBAs-based SIBs exhibit high energy density (350 Wh kg-1) and excellent capacity retention (82.4% after 1500 cycles), highlighting its promising potential for large-scale energy storage applications.

RESUMEN

Surface activation is considered to regulate the electronic structures of materials for enhancing catalytic capability. Herein, we report a controllable strategy for constructing three-dimensional micro-nanoporous copper catalysts with high reactivity and activity for the degradation reaction of organic pollutants. Various micro-nanoporous structures and in situ formation processes by chemical selective dealloying of Cu-based metallic glasses are evaluated due to the surface modification. The porous catalysts exhibit superior catalytic performance, attributing to the catalytic mechanisms related to the superior surface activity of nanoscale copper composites and the strong oxidizing capability of activated radicals. These findings will provide a promising synthesis approach for three-dimensional micro-nanoporous catalysts for many chemical reactions.

RESUMEN

The influence of cooling history for the Zn3Ga2Ge2O10/Cr3+ phosphors prepared by solid state reaction on the spectral properties was discovered, and an anticounterfeiting scheme based on the identification with smartphone was proposed and experimentally demonstrated using the studied phosphors. A combination of color-tunable visible fluorescence emission and near-infrared (NIR) afterglow emission in Zn3Ga2Ge2O10/x mol % Cr3+(x = 0, 0.05, 1, 2, 3, and 4) phosphors to achieve multimode anticounterfeiting was reported. It is found that with the increasing Cr3+ concentrations, the visible emission can be tuned from green, light pink, and light red to deep red under 254 nm ultraviolet (UV) excitation. This phenomenon is related to the formation of oxygen vacancies in the host during the process of natural cooling and the characteristic emission of Cr3+. In addition, the persistent time of the Cr3+ emission centered at 700 nm can be also tuned by various Cr3+ concentrations. A possible mechanism was deduced to explain the afterglow phenomenon. Lastly, a flower pattern applied in anticounterfeiting was fabricated using the Zn3Ga2Ge2O10/x mol % Cr3+ (x = 0, 0.05, 1, 2, 3, and 4) phosphors to present tunable color and NIR afterglow signals at different excitation modes, and the camera of smartphone was chosen as a detection tool to take the NIR images. The results obtained above suggest that the prepared phosphors at natural cooling condition have great potential in affording advanced optical anticounterfeiting.

RESUMEN

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD)-related secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is associated with higher morbidity and death. The goal of this study was to mine the SHPT data already available to do a meta-analysis on the global prevalence of SHPT caused by CKD. Methods: Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Databases, and Google Scholar were searched to identify studies on the prevalence of SHPT due to CKD from inception to November 2023. Pooled prevalence was calculated using the DerSimonian-Laird random effects model with a logit transformation. Results: Twenty-one eligible studies involving 110977 patients were included. Our results revealed that the estimated global prevalence of SHPT due to CKD was 49.5% (95% CI 30.20-68.18), regardless of the diagnostic criteria. For subgroup analysis, Southern Asia (84.36%, 95% CI 79.35-88.34) had a significantly higher SHPT prevalence than other geographic regions. SHPT due to CKD was most prevalent in China (85.14%, 95% CI 81.74-88.00). Conclusions: SHPT due to CKD is highly prevalent. This necessitates awareness and therapeutic approaches from primary care physicians, medical professionals, and health strategy authorities. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier CRD42024514007.

Asunto(s)

Hiperparatiroidismo Secundario , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica , Humanos , Hiperparatiroidismo Secundario/epidemiología , Hiperparatiroidismo Secundario/etiología , Prevalencia , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/epidemiología , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/complicaciones , Salud Global

RESUMEN

Patients with glycogen storage disease type Ib (GSD-Ib) frequently have inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). however, the underlying etiology remains unclear. Herein, this study finds that digestive symptoms are commonly observed in patients with GSD-Ib, presenting as single or multiple scattered deep round ulcers, inflammatory pseudo-polyps, obstructions, and strictures, which differ substantially from those in typical IBD. Distinct microbiota profiling and single-cell clustering of colonic mucosae in patients with GSD are conducted. Heterogeneous oral pathogenic enteric outgrowth induced by GSD is a potent inducer of gut microbiota immaturity and colonic macrophage accumulation. Specifically, a unique population of macrophages with high CCL4L2 expression is identified in response to pathogenic bacteria in the intestine. Hyper-activation of the CCL4L2-VSIR axis leads to increased expression of AGR2 and ZG16 in epithelial cells, which mediates the unique progression of IBD in GSD-Ib. Collectively, the microbiota-driven pathomechanism of IBD is demonstrated in GSD-Ib and revealed the active role of the CCL4L2-VSIR axis in the interaction between the microbiota and colonic mucosal immunity. Thus, targeting gut dysbiosis and/or the CCL4L2-VISR axis may represent a potential therapy for GSD-associated IBD.

Asunto(s)

Disbiosis , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/metabolismo , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/microbiología , Disbiosis/metabolismo , Disbiosis/microbiología , Disbiosis/inmunología , Humanos , Ratones , Masculino , Femenino , Animales , Enfermedad del Almacenamiento de Glucógeno Tipo I/metabolismo , Enfermedad del Almacenamiento de Glucógeno Tipo I/genética , Enfermedad del Almacenamiento de Glucógeno Tipo I/complicaciones , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiología

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine combined with Liuzijue exercise on the physiological symptoms and quality of life (QoL) in postoperative patients with early-stage lung cancer. METHODS: One hundred and eighty-three lung cancer patients who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) were categorize into either a traditional Chinese medicine treatment group (CM) or a control group (non-traditional Chinese medicine treatment, NC), among whom 73 underwent Chinese herbal medicine and Liuzijue therapy, while 110 underwent no comprehensive treatment with traditional Chinese medicine. The propensity score matching (PSM) method with a 1:2 ratio was used to balance the baseline characteristics and evaluate the efficacy of CM in improving postoperative symptoms and QoL. RESULTS: Cough, dyspnea, chest pain, and fatigue were the most common clinical symptoms after VATS. Except for chest pain, they were all correlated with the scope of operation (P < .05). After PSM, 165 patients were identified in the matched cohort, and the covariates of gender, age, operative site, and scope of operation were balanced between the 2 groups (P > .05). In the domain of global health status, the improvement in QoL in CM was greater than that in NC (6.06 ± 15.83 vs -1.06 ± 14.68, P = .005). In terms of symptoms, improvements in cough (1.69 ± 3.15 vs 0.38 ± 2.63, P = .006), dyspnea during climbing stairs (-10.30 ± 16.82 vs -1.82 ± 17.97, P = .004), and pain (-0.76 ± 1.32 vs -0.08 ± 1.31, P = .002) in CM were better than in NC. CONCLUSION: Comprehensive treatment with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can provide therapeutic benefits in physiological rehabilitation after VATS for cancer.

Asunto(s)

Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Puntaje de Propensión , Calidad de Vida , Cirugía Torácica Asistida por Video , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirugía , Persona de Mediana Edad , Cirugía Torácica Asistida por Video/métodos , Estudios Prospectivos , Anciano , Terapia por Ejercicio/métodos , Medicina Tradicional China/métodos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Terapia Combinada

RESUMEN

AIM: The most common type of cancer that leads to death worldwide is lung cancer. Despite significant surgery and chemotherapy improvements, lung cancer patient's survival rate is still poor. The RNA polymerase I subunit D (POLR1D) gene can induce various cancers. A current study reported that POLR1D plays a vital role in cancer prognosis. However, its biological function in the development of lung cancer remains unclear. METHODS: Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) measured the relative POLR1D protein expression level in lung cancer cell lines. Lung cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were analyzed by performing cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), and transwell. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/serine-threonine kinase (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway-related protein expressions were examined by Western blotting assay. RESULTS: POLR1D protein expression was elevated in lung cancer. Lung cancer cell loss-of-function tests showed that POLR1D silencing could attenuate cell viability both in SK-MES-1 and in H2170 cells. Furthermore, silencing POLR1D inhibited SK-MES-1 and H2170 cells proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, SK-MES-1 and H2170 cells' migration and invasion capacity were potentially suppressed by the knockdown of POLR1D. The progression of multiple cancers has been implicated in the PI3K/AKT pathway. Here, we observed that POLR1D silencing suppressed lung cancer progression by inhibition of the PI3K-Akt pathway. CONCLUSIONS: The study speculated that POLR1D might provide a new potential therapeutic possibility for treating lung cancer patients via targeting PI3K/AKT.

Asunto(s)

Movimiento Celular , Proliferación Celular , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt , Transducción de Señal , Humanos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular/genética , Proliferación Celular/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Silenciador del Gen , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/genética , ARN Polimerasa I/genética , ARN Polimerasa I/metabolismo

RESUMEN

In contrast to the conventional fluorescence enhancement resulting from the cessation of the photoinduced electron transfer effect upon capturing nitric oxide (NO) by o-phenylenediamine, we found an interesting fluorescence quench within small molecule fluorophores characterized by intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Herein, the integration of a push-pull electron system with intramolecular hydrogen bonding onto an ultra-small fluorophore was employed to fabricate a hydrogen bond-tuned single benzene core fluorescent probe with an exceptional fluorescence quantum yield of 26 %, denoted as HSC-1. By virtue of its small size and low molecular weight (mere 192 g/mol), it demonstrated superior solubility and biocompatibility. Given the optimized conditions, HSC-1 manifested extraordinary linearity in detecting NO concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 60 µM, with an outstanding detection limit of 23.8 nM. Theoretical calculations unraveled the photophysical properties of hydrogen bonding-related probe molecules and highlighted the NO sensing mechanism. This pioneering work offers an important platform for the design of small fluorescence probes only with a single benzene core applied to NO sensing, which will potentially emerge as a new frontier in the area.

RESUMEN

By 2050, the global population is projected to reach 9 billion, underscoring the imperative for innovative solutions to increase grain yield and enhance food security. Nanotechnology has emerged as a powerful tool, providing unique solutions to this challenge. Nanoparticles (NPs) can improve plant growth and nutrition under normal conditions through their high surface-to-volume ratio and unique physical and chemical properties. Moreover, they can be used to monitor crop health status and augment plant resilience against abiotic stresses (such as salinity, drought, heavy metals, and extreme temperatures) that endanger global agriculture. Application of NPs can enhance stress tolerance mechanisms in plants, minimizing potential yield losses and underscoring the potential of NPs to raise crop yield and quality. This review highlights the need for a comprehensive exploration of the environmental implications and safety of nanomaterials and provides valuable guidelines for researchers, policymakers, and agricultural practitioners. With thoughtful stewardship, nanotechnology holds immense promise in shaping environmentally sustainable agriculture amid escalating environmental challenges.

Asunto(s)

Nanopartículas , Desarrollo de la Planta , Nanopartículas/química , Desarrollo de la Planta/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Fisiológico/efectos de los fármacos , Productos Agrícolas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Productos Agrícolas/efectos de los fármacos , Agricultura/métodos

RESUMEN

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major cause of worldwide cancer death, posing a challenge for effective treatment. Our previous findings showed that Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) QiDongNing (QDN) could upregulate the expression of p53 and trigger cell apoptosis in NSCLC. Here, our objective was to investigate the mechanisms of QDN-induced apoptosis enhancement. We chose A549 and NCI-H460 cells for validation in vitro, and LLC cells were applied to form a subcutaneous transplantation tumour model for validation in more depth. Our findings indicated that QDN inhibited multiple biological behaviours, including cell proliferation, cloning, migration, invasion and induction of apoptosis. We further discovered that QDN increased the pro-apoptotic BAX while inhibiting the anti-apoptotic Bcl2. QDN therapy led to a decline in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and a rise in reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, QDN elevated the levels of the tumour suppressor p53 and the mitochondrial division factor DRP1 and FIS1, and decreased the mitochondrial fusion molecules MFN1, MFN2, and OPA1. The results were further verified by rescue experiments, the p53 inhibitor Pifithrin-α and the mitochondrial division inhibitor Mdivi1 partially inhibited QDN-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction, whereas overexpression of p53 rather increased the efficacy of the therapy. Additionally, QDN inhibited tumour growth with acceptable safety in vivo. In conclusion, QDN induced apoptosis via triggering p53/DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fission in NSCLC cells.

Asunto(s)

Apoptosis , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Dinaminas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Dinámicas Mitocondriales , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor , Animales , Humanos , Ratones , Células A549 , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Dinaminas/metabolismo , Dinaminas/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Mitocondrias/efectos de los fármacos , Dinámicas Mitocondriales/efectos de los fármacos , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismo , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/genética , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto

RESUMEN

Background: Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by bone loss and microstructural degeneration. Recent preclinical and clinical trials have further demonstrated that the transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from human adipose tissue (AD), dental pulp (DP), placental amniotic membrane (AM), and umbilical cord (UC) tissues can serve as an effective form of cell therapy for osteoporosis. However, MSC-mediated osteoimmunology and the ability of these cells to regulate osteoclast-osteoblast differentiation varies markedly among different types of MSCs. Methods: In this study, we investigated whether transplanted allogeneic MSCs derived from AD, DP, AM, and UC tissues were able to prevent osteoporosis in an ovariectomy (OVX)-induced mouse model of osteoporosis. The homing and immunomodulatory ability of these cells as well as their effects on osteoblastogenesis and the maintenance of bone formation were compared for four types of MSCs to determine the ideal source of MSCs for the cell therapy-based treatment of OVX-induced osteoporosis. The bone formation and bone resorption ability of these four types of MSCs were analyzed using micro-computed tomography analyses and histological staining. In addition, cytokine array-based analyses of serological markers and bioluminescence imaging assays were employed to evaluate cell survival and homing efficiency. Immune regulation was determined by flow cytometer assay to reflect the mechanisms of osteoporosis treatment. Conclusion: These analyses demonstrated that MSCs isolated from different tissues have the capacity to treat osteoporosis when transplanted in vivo. Importantly, DP-MSCs infusion was able to maintain trabecular bone mass more efficiently with corresponding improvements in trabecular bone volume, mineral density, number, and separation. Among the tested MSC types, DP-MSCs were also found to exhibit greater immunoregulatory capabilities, regulating the Th17/Treg and M1/M2 ratios. These data thus suggest that DP-MSCs may represent an effective tool for the treatment of osteoporosis.