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This paper presents a study on the integration of domain-specific knowledge in prompt engineering to enhance the performance of large language models (LLMs) in scientific domains. The proposed domain-knowledge embedded prompt engineering method outperforms traditional prompt engineering strategies on various metrics, including capability, accuracy, F1 score, and hallucination drop. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated through case studies on complex materials including the MacMillan catalyst, paclitaxel, and lithium cobalt oxide. The results suggest that domain-knowledge prompts can guide LLMs to generate more accurate and relevant responses, highlighting the potential of LLMs as powerful tools for scientific discovery and innovation when equipped with domain-specific prompts. The study also discusses limitations and future directions for domain-specific prompt engineering development.

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The current primary treatment approach for malignant pelvic tumors involves hemipelvic prosthesis reconstruction following tumor resection. In cases of Enneking type II + III pelvic tumors, the prosthesis necessitates fixation to the remaining iliac bone. Prevailing methods for prosthesis fixation include the saddle prosthesis, ice cream prosthesis, modular hemipelvic prosthesis, and personalized prosthetics using three-dimensional printing. To prevent failure of hemipelvic arthroplasty protheses, a novel fixation method was designed and finite element analysis was conducted. In clinical cases, the third and fourth sacral screws broke, a phenomenon also observed in the results of finite element analysis. Based on the original surgical model, designs were created for auxiliary dorsal iliac, auxiliary iliac bottom, auxiliary sacral screw, and auxiliary pubic ramus fixation. A nonlinear quasi-static finite element analysis was then performed under the maximum load of the gait cycle, and the results indicated that assisted sacral dorsal fixation significantly reduces stress on the sacral screws and relative micromotion exceeding 28 µm. The fixation of the pubic ramus further increased the initial stability of the prosthesis and its interface osseointegration ability. Therefore, for hemipelvic prostheses, incorporating pubic ramus support and iliac back fixation is advisable, as it provides new options for the application of hemipelvic tumor prostheses.

Asunto(s)

Análisis de Elementos Finitos , Neoplasias Pélvicas , Humanos , Neoplasias Pélvicas/cirugía , Ilion/cirugía , Femenino , Tornillos Óseos , Huesos Pélvicos/cirugía , Masculino , Diseño de Prótesis , Impresión Tridimensional , Prótesis e Implantes , Sacro/cirugía

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Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) are three clinically common coronaviruses causing diarrhea in pigs, with indistinguishable clinical signs and pathological changes. Rapid, portable and reliable differential diagnosis of these three pathogens is crucial for the prompt implementation of appropriate control measures. In this study, we developed a triplex nucleic acid assay that combines reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification (RT-RAA) with lateral flow assay (LFA) by targeting the most conserved genomic region in the ORF1b genes of PEDV, PDCoV and TGEV. The entire detection process of the triplex RT-RAA-LFA assay included 10-min nucleic acid amplification at 42 °C and 5-min visual LFA readout at room temperature. The assay could specifically differentiate PEDV, PDCoV and TGEV without cross-reaction with any other major swine pathogens. Sensitivity analysis showed that the triplex RT-RAA-LFA assay was able to detect the viral RNA extracted from the spiked fecal samples with the minimum of 1 × 100 TCID50 PEDV, 1 × 104 TCID50 PDCoV, and 1 × 102 TCID50 TGEV per reaction, respectively. Further analysis showed that the 95 % detection limit (LOD) of triplex RT-RAA-LFA for PEDV, PDCoV, and TGEV were 22, 478, and 205 copies of recombinant plasmids per reaction, respectively. The diagnostic performance of triplex RT-RAA-LFA was compared with that of PEDV, PDCoV and TGEV respective commercial real-time RT-PCR kits by testing 114 clinical rectal swab samples in parallel. The total diagnostic coincidence rates of triplex RT-RAA-LFA with real-time RT-PCR kits of PEDV, PDCoV and TGEV were 100 %, 99.1 % and 99.1 %, respectively, and their Kappa values were 1.00, 0.958 and 0.936, respectively. Collectively, the RT-RAA-LFA assay is a powerful tool for the rapid, portable, visual, and synchronous differential diagnosis of PEDV, PDCoV, and TGEV.

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Infecciones por Coronavirus , Deltacoronavirus , Heces , Técnicas de Amplificación de Ácido Nucleico , Virus de la Diarrea Epidémica Porcina , ARN Viral , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Enfermedades de los Porcinos , Virus de la Gastroenteritis Transmisible , Animales , Porcinos , Virus de la Gastroenteritis Transmisible/aislamiento & purificación , Virus de la Gastroenteritis Transmisible/genética , Virus de la Diarrea Epidémica Porcina/aislamiento & purificación , Virus de la Diarrea Epidémica Porcina/genética , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/virología , ARN Viral/genética , ARN Viral/aislamiento & purificación , Heces/virología , Infecciones por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Coronavirus/veterinaria , Infecciones por Coronavirus/virología , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Deltacoronavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Deltacoronavirus/genética , Técnicas de Amplificación de Ácido Nucleico/métodos , Técnicas de Amplificación de Ácido Nucleico/veterinaria , Gastroenteritis Porcina Transmisible/diagnóstico , Gastroenteritis Porcina Transmisible/virología , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/métodos , Diarrea/virología , Diarrea/veterinaria , Diarrea/diagnóstico

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Current diagnostic methods for canine urothelial carcinoma (UC) are technically challenging or can lack specificity, hence there is a need for novel biomarkers of UC. To this end, we analysed the microRNA (miRNA) cargo of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from urine samples of dogs with UC to identify candidate miRNA biomarkers. Urine was fractionated using ultrafiltration combined with size-exclusion chromatography and small RNA sequencing analysis was performed on both the EV enriched and (EV free) protein fractions. A greater number of candidate miRNA biomarkers were detected in the EV fraction than the protein fraction, and further validation using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) was performed on the EV enriched fraction of a second cohort of dogs with UC which indicated that miR-182, miR-221 and miR-222 were significantly overrepresented in dogs with UC when compared with healthy dogs and dogs with urinary tract infections. Pathway analysis confirmed that these three miRNAs are involved in cancer. In addition, their potential downstream gene targets were predicted and PIK3R1, a well-known oncogene is likely to be a shared target between miRNA-182 and miRNA-221/222. In summary, this study highlights the potential of urinary EV-associated miRNAs as a source of biomarkers for the diagnosis of canine UC.

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Biomarcadores de Tumor , Enfermedades de los Perros , Vesículas Extracelulares , MicroARNs , Animales , Perros , MicroARNs/orina , MicroARNs/genética , Vesículas Extracelulares/genética , Vesículas Extracelulares/metabolismo , Biomarcadores de Tumor/orina , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Enfermedades de los Perros/orina , Enfermedades de los Perros/genética , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/orina , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/genética , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/veterinaria , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/diagnóstico , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Masculino

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Background: Study engagement is regarded important to medical students' physical and mental wellbeing. However, the relationship between learning environment of medical schools and the study engagement of medical students was still unclear. This study was aimed to ascertain the positive effect of learning environment in study engagement. Methods: We collected 10,901 valid questionnaires from 12 medical universities in China, and UWES-S was utilized to assess the study engagement levels. Then Pearson Chi-Square test and Welch's ANOVA test were conducted to find the relationship between study engagement and learning environment, and subgroup analysis was used to eradicate possible influence of confounding factors. After that, a multivariate analysis was performed to prove learning environment was an independent factor, and we constructed a nomogram as a predictive model. Results: With Pearson Chi-Square test (p < 0.001) and Welch's ANOVA test (p < 0.001), it proved that a good learning environment contributed to a higher mean of UWES scores. Subgroup analysis also showed statistical significance (p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, we could find that, taking "Good" as reference, "Excellent" (OR = 0.329, 95%CI = 0.295-0.366, p < 0.001) learning environment was conducive to one's study engagement, while "Common" (OR = 2.206, 95%CI = 1.989-2.446, p < 0.001), "Bad" (OR = 2.349, 95%CI = 1.597-3.454, p < 0.001), and "Terrible" (OR = 1.696, 95%CI = 1.015-2.834, p = 0.044) learning environment only resulted into relatively bad study engagement. Depending on the result, a nomogram was drawn, which had predictive discrimination and accuracy (AUC = 0.680). Conclusion: We concluded that learning environment of school was an independent factor of medical student's study engagement. A higher level of learning environment of medical school came with a higher level of medical students' study engagement. The nomogram could serve as a predictive reference for the educators and researchers.

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HYPOTHESIS: Perfluorocarbon is commonly used as a coolant, chemical reaction carrier solvent, medical anti-hypoxic agents and blood substitutes. The realization of non-contact complex manipulation of perfluorocarbon liquids is urgently needed in human life and industrial production. However, most liquid-repellent interfaces are ineffective for the transport of ultra-low surface tension perfluorocarbon liquids, and struggle to maintain good durability due to unstable air or oil cushions in the surface. Therefore, preparing surfaces for stable non-contact complex manipulation of ultra-low surface tension droplets remains a challenge. EXPERIMENTS: In this paper, a novel solution, a photothermal responsive droplet manipulation surface based on polydimethylsiloxane brushes, has been reported. On this surface, droplets with different surface tensions (as low as 10 mN/m) can be efficiently manipulated through induced near-infrared light. Notably, this surface maintains its effectiveness after exposure to extreme anthropogenic conditions. FINDINGS: The interface effect between perfluorocarbon droplets and polydimethylsiloxane brushes by near-infrared light-induced was investigated in detail. In addition, ultra-low surface tension droplets demonstrate the ability to transport solid particles. The conductive droplets exhibit sophisticated manipulation realizing the controlled switching of smart circuits. This research opens up new possibilities for advancing the capabilities and adaptability of ultralow surface tension droplets in a range of applications.

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BACKGROUND: Medical school learning environment (MSLE) has a holistic impact on students' psychosomatic health, academic achievements, and personal development. Students in different grades perceive MSLE in different ways. Thus, it is essential to investigate the specific role of student's grade in the perception of MSLE. METHODS: Using the Johns Hopkins Learning Environment Scale (JHLES) as a quantification instrument for the perception level of MSLE, 10,901 medical students in 12 universities in China were categorized into low or high JHLES group according to their questionnaires. We investigated the relationship between student's grade and JHLES category by univariate analysis employing Pearson Chi-square test and Welch's ANOVA. Then multivariable logistic regression analysis confirmed the predictive efficacy of student's grade. A nomogram concerning the prediction of low JHLES score probability in medical students was also constructed. RESULTS: A significant difference between two JHLES categories among students in different grades was observed (p < 0.001), with the proportion of the high JHLES group dominating in grade 1, 5, and the graduate subgroups (p < 0.001). The mean JHLES score declined especially in the third and fourth graders compared to freshmen (p < 0.001), while the mean score among the fifth graders had a remarkable rebound from the third graders (p < 0.001). Most imperatively, identified by multivariable logistic regression analysis, students in grade 3 (OR = 1.470, 95% CI = 1.265-1.709, p < 0.001) and 4 (OR = 1.578, 95% CI = 1.326-1.878, p < 0.001) perceived more negatively than freshmen. The constructed nomogram provided a promising prediction model for student's low JHLES score probability, with accuracy, accordance, and discrimination (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.627). CONCLUSION: The student's grade was a significant influencing factor in medical students' perception of MSLE. The perceptions among the third and fourth graders got worse, probably due to the worrying changes in various aspects of MSLE during that period. The relevant and appropriate interventions to improve medical students' perceptions are urgently needed.

Asunto(s)

Estudiantes de Medicina , Humanos , Estudiantes de Medicina/psicología , Estudios Transversales , China , Femenino , Masculino , Aprendizaje , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Facultades de Medicina , Adulto Joven , Percepción , Educación de Pregrado en Medicina , Adulto

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The effectiveness, tolerance, and safety of pesticides must be established before their scientific or rational. This study evaluates the field control efficacy of broflanilide, tetraniliprole, and chlorantraniliprole in combating Spodoptera frugiperda in maize crops, as well as the resistance of S. frugiperda to these three diamide pesticides after exposure. By assessing field control efficiency, toxicity, effects on development and reproduction, and detoxification enzyme activity of these diamide pesticides on S. frugiperda, highlights broflanilide's significant insecticidal potential. A highly sensitive and efficient method using QuEChERS/HPLCMS/MS was developed to simultaneously detect residues of these three pesticides on maize. Initial concentrations of broflanilide, tetraniliprole, and chlorantraniliprole ranged from 2.13 to 4.02 mg/kg, with their respective half-lives varying between 1.23 and 1.51 days. Following foliar application, by the time of harvest, the terminal residue concentrations of these pesticides were all under 0.01 mg/kg. Chronic dietary intake risk assessments and cumulative chronic dietary exposure for three pesticides indicated that the general population's terminal residue concentration was within acceptable limits. Not only does this research provide valuable insights into field control efficiency, insecticidal effects, resistance, residues, and risk assessment results of broflanilide, tetraniliprole, and chlorantraniliprole on maize, but additionally, it also paves the way for setting suitable Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) values based on pre-harvest interval values, rational dosage, and application frequency.

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Insecticidas , Spodoptera , Zea mays , ortoaminobenzoatos , Spodoptera/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Insecticidas/toxicidad , Medición de Riesgo , ortoaminobenzoatos/toxicidad , Productos Agrícolas , Residuos de Plaguicidas/toxicidad , Residuos de Plaguicidas/análisis , Diamida/toxicidad , Larva/efectos de los fármacos , Resistencia a los Insecticidas

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Natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and enzymes (AMEs) are promising non-antibiotic candidates against antimicrobial resistance but suffer from low efficiency and poor stability. Here, we develop peptide nanozymes which mimic the mode of action of AMPs and AMEs through de novo design and peptide assembly. Through modelling a minimal building block of IHIHICI is proposed by combining critical amino acids in AMPs and AMEs and hydrophobic isoleucine to conduct assembly. Experimental validations reveal that IHIHICI assemble into helical ß-sheet nanotubes with acetate modulation and perform phospholipase C-like and peroxidase-like activities with Ni coordination, demonstrating high thermostability and resistance to enzymatic degradation. The assembled nanotubes demonstrate cascade antifungal actions including outer mannan docking, wall disruption, lipid peroxidation and subsequent ferroptotic death, synergistically killing >90% Candida albicans within 10 min on disinfection pad. These findings demonstrate an effective de novo design strategy for developing materials with multi-antimicrobial mode of actions.

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Antifúngicos , Candida albicans , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Antifúngicos/química , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Nanotubos/química , Péptidos Antimicrobianos/farmacología , Péptidos Antimicrobianos/química , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Péptidos/farmacología , Péptidos/química

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The role of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) in predicting all-cause and cause-specific mortalities remains elusive. This study included 384,420 adults from the Shanghai cohort and the UK Biobank (UKB) cohort. After multivariable adjustment in the Cox models, FPG ≥7.0 mmol/L or HbA1c ≥ 6.5% increased the risk of all-cause mortality, FPG ≥5.6 mmol/L or HbA1c ≥ 6.5% increased CVD-related mortality, and higher or lower TyG index increased all-cause and CVD-related mortalities in the Shanghai cohort; FPG ≥5.6 mmol/L, HbA1c ≥ 5.7%, TyG index <8.31 or ≥9.08 increased the risks of all-cause, CVD-related, and cancer-related mortalities in the UKB cohort. FPG or HbA1c increased the discrimination of the conventional risk model in predicting all-cause and CVD-related mortalities in both cohorts. Thus, increased levels of FPG and HbA1c and U-shaped TyG index increase the risks of all-cause especially CVD-related mortalities.

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OBJECTIVE: As the population ages and technology advances, lateral lumbar intervertebral fusion (LLIF) is gaining popularity for the treatment of degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS). This study investigated the feasibility, minimally invasive concept, and benefits of LLIF for the treatment of DLS by observing and assessing the clinical efficacy, imaging changes, and complications following the procedure. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for 52 DLS patients (12 men and 40 women, aged 65.84 ± 9.873 years) who underwent LLIF from January 2019 to January 2023. The operation time, blood loss, complications, clinical efficacy indicators (visual analogue scale [VAS], Oswestry disability index [ODI], and 36-Item Short Form Survey), and imaging indicators (coronal position: Cobb angle and center sacral vertical line-C7 plumbline [CSVL-C7PL]; and sagittal position: sagittal vertical axis [SVA], lumbar lordosis [LL], pelvic incidence angle [PI], and thoracic kyphosis angle [TK] were measured). All patients were followed up. The above clinical evaluation indexes and imaging outcomes of patients postoperatively and at last follow-up were compared to their preoperative results. RESULTS: Compared to the preoperative values, the Cobb angle and LL angle were significantly improved after surgery (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, CSVL-C7PL, SVA, and TK did not change much after surgery (p > 0.05) but improved significantly at follow-up (p < 0.001). There was no significant change in PI at either the postoperative or follow-up timepoint. The operation took 283.90 ± 81.62 min and resulted in a total blood loss of 257.27 ± 213.44 mL. No significant complications occurred. Patients were followed up for to 21.7 ± 9.8 months. VAS, ODI, and SF-36 scores improved considerably at postoperative and final follow-up compared to preoperative levels (p < 0.001). After surgery, the Cobb angle and LL angle had improved significantly compared to preoperative values (p < 0.001). CSVL-C7PL, SVA, and TK were stable after surgery (p > 0.05) but considerably improved during follow-up (p < 0.001). PI showed no significant change at either the postoperative or follow-up timepoints. CONCLUSION: Lateral lumbar intervertebral fusion treatment of DLS significantly improved sagittal and coronal balance of the lumbar spine, as well as compensatory thoracic scoliosis, with good clinical and radiological findings. Furthermore, there was less blood, less trauma, and quicker recovery from surgery.

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Molecule-based selective contacts have become a crucial component to ensure high-efficiency inverted perovskite solar cells1-5. These molecules always consist of a conjugated core with heteroatom substitution to render the desirable carrier-transport capability6-9. So far, the design of successful conjugation cores has been limited to two N-substituted π-conjugated structures, carbazole and triphenylamine, with molecular optimization evolving around their derivatives2,5,10-12. However, further improvement of the device longevity has been hampered by the concomitant limitations of the molecular stability induced by such heteroatom-substituted structures13,14. A more robust molecular contact without sacrificing the electronic properties is in urgent demand, but remains a challenge. Here we report a peri-fused polyaromatic core structure without heteroatom substitution that yields superior carrier transport and selectivity over conventional heteroatom-substituted core structures. This core structure produced a relatively chemically inert and structurally rigid molecular contact, which considerably improved the performance of perovskite solar cells in terms of both efficiency and durability. The champion device showed an efficiency up to 26.1% with greatly improved longevity under different accelerated-ageing tests.

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Regenerating family protein 2 (Reg2) is a trophic factor which stimulates ß-cell replication and resists islet destruction. However, Reg2 also serves as an islet autoantigen, which makes it complicated to judge the effectiveness in treating diabetes. How Reg2 treatment behaves in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice is to be investigated. NOD mice were treated with recombinant Reg2 protein, Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) + PBS and CFA+Reg2 vaccinations, CFA+PBS- and CFA+Reg2-immunized antisera, and single chain variable fragment (scFv)-Reg2 and mIgG2a-Reg2 antibodies. Glycemic level, bodyweight, serum Reg2 antibody titer, glucose tolerance, and insulin secretion were determined. Islet morphological characteristics, insulitis, cell apoptosis, islet cell components, and T cell infiltration were analyzed by histological examinations. The autoantigenicity of constructed Reg2C and Reg2X fragments was determined in healthy BALB/c mice, and the bioactivity in stimulating cell proliferation and survival was assessed in insulinoma MIN6 cells. Reg2 administration alleviated diabetes in NOD mice with improved glucose tolerance and insulin secretion but elevated serum Reg2 autoantibodies. Histomorphometry showed reduced inflammatory area, TUNEL signal and CD8 + T cell infiltration, and increased ß-cell proportion in support of the islet-protective effect of Reg2 treatment. CFA+PBS and CFA+Reg2 immunizations prevented diabetic onset and alleviated insulitis while injections of the antisera offered mild protections. Antibody treatments accelerated diabetic onset without increasing the overall incidence. Reg2C fragment depletes antigenicity, but reserves protective activity in streptozotocin (STZ)-treated MIN6 cells. In conclusion, Reg2 treatment alleviates type 1 diabetes (T1D) by preserving islet ß-cells, but induces Reg2 autoantibody production which poses a potential risk of accelerating diabetic progression.

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Autoanticuerpos , Islotes Pancreáticos , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Endogámicos NOD , Proteínas Asociadas a Pancreatitis , Animales , Autoanticuerpos/inmunología , Autoanticuerpos/sangre , Ratones , Islotes Pancreáticos/inmunología , Islotes Pancreáticos/efectos de los fármacos , Islotes Pancreáticos/metabolismo , Islotes Pancreáticos/patología , Femenino , Proteínas Asociadas a Pancreatitis/inmunología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/inmunología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/prevención & control , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/tratamiento farmacológico , Litostatina/inmunología

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To accurately estimate the age of individual tree and to achieve full-cycle sustainable management of natural Larix gmelinii forest in Great Xing'an Mountains of northeastern China, we constructed individual tree age prediction model using stepwise regression and random forest algorithms based on 44 fixed plots data and 280 stan-dard tree cores obtained from the Pangu Forest Farm. We analyzed the influence of stand structure, site conditions, and competition index on the accuracy of model prediction. The model was evaluated by the coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE). The results showed that the random forest model had the highest prediction accuracy when number of decision trees was 1500 and number of node con-tention variables was 8. The random forest model had better accuracy and prediction ability than the stepwise regression model, with R2, RMSE and MAE of 0.5882, 9.9259 a, 8.1155 a. Diameter at breast height was the most important factor affecting age prediction (83.8%), followed by tree height (34.4%), elevation (17.9%), and basal area per hectare (17.5%). The random forest algorithm exhibited better adaptability and modeling effect on constructing a predictive model for individual tree age. This research contributed to improving the accuracy of growth and harvest estimation for L. gmelinii, and could provide a reference for other scientific studies related to tree age estimation in forests.

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Algoritmos , Bosques , Larix , Larix/crecimiento & desarrollo , China , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Ecosistema , Modelos Teóricos , Bosques Aleatorios

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Plastic debris such as microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPTs), along with antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), are pervasive in the environment and are recognized as significant global health and ecological concerns. Micro-/nano-plastics (MNPs) have been demonstrated to favor the spread of ARGs by enhancing the frequency of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) through various pathways. This paper comprehensively and systematically reviews the current study with focus on the influence of plastics on the HGT of ARGs. The critical role of MNPs in the HGT of ARGs has been well illustrated in sewage sludge, livestock farms, constructed wetlands and landfill leachate. A summary of the performed HGT assay and the underlying mechanism of plastic-mediated transfer of ARGs is presented in the paper. MNPs could facilitate or inhibit HGT of ARGs, and their effects depend on the type, size, and concentration. This review provides a comprehensive insight into the effects of MNPs on the HGT of ARGs, and offers suggestions for further study. Further research should attempt to develop a standard HGT assay and focus on investigating the impact of different plastics, including the oligomers they released, under real environmental conditions on the HGT of ARGs.

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Farmacorresistencia Microbiana , Transferencia de Gen Horizontal , Microplásticos , Plásticos , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana/genética

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The 2319-Al alloy is widely used in aviation industry. The crack-free 2319 alloy thin-walled sample was fabricated utilizing the laser-CMT composite additive manufacturing technique, achieving a material utilization rate of 96.43%. The impact of deposition parameters and deposition height on the microstructure and mechanical properties was studied. The microhardness of the additive manufacturing samples exhibited a gradual decrease from construction direction, with values reaching 90 HV, 78 HV, and 72 HV, respectively. The tensile property also exhibited a gradual decrease from the bottom to the top; the highest tensile strength was 296 MPa. The grain size along the construction direction of the deposited sample gradually increased, exhibiting respective sizes of 34.7 um, 36.6 um, and 45.7 um. With the increase in the height of the second phase, the segregation at the grain boundary is intensified, and as the size inside the grain increases, the corresponding density decreases. The good laser-CMT composite additively manufactured 2319 aluminum alloy samples could be obtained under the optimized deposition parameters.

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BACKGROUND: Fostering empathy has been continuously emphasized in the global medical education. Empathy is crucial to enhance patient-physician relationships, and is associated with medical students' academic and clinical performance. However, empathy level of medical students in China and related influencing factors are not clear. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study among medical students in 11 universities. We used the Jefferson Scale of Empathy Student-version of Chinese version to measure empathy level of medical students. Factors associated with empathy were identified by the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Based on the variables identified above, the nomogram was established to predict high empathy probability of medical students. Receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration plot and decision curve analysis were used to evaluate the discrimination, calibration and educational utility of the model. RESULTS: We received 10,901 samples, but a total of 10,576 samples could be used for further analysis (effective response rate of 97.02%). The mean empathy score of undergraduate medical students was 67.38 (standard deviation = 9.39). Six variables including gender, university category, only child or not, self-perception doctor-patient relationship in hospitals, interest of medicine, Kolb learning style showed statistical significance with empathy of medical students (P < 0.05). Then, the nomogram was established based on six variables. The validation suggested the nomogram model was well calibrated and had good utility in education, as well as area under the curve of model prediction was 0.65. CONCLUSIONS: We identify factors influencing empathy of undergraduate medical students. Moreover, increasing manifest and hidden curriculums on cultivating empathy of medical students may be needed among medical universities or schools in China.

Asunto(s)

Educación de Pregrado en Medicina , Empatía , Relaciones Médico-Paciente , Estudiantes de Medicina , Humanos , Estudiantes de Medicina/psicología , Estudiantes de Medicina/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Transversales , Masculino , Femenino , China , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Nomogramas

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between long-term fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)) exposure and the risk of chronic kidney disease(CKD) in people with abnormal metabolism syndrome(MS) components. METHODS: Based on health checkup data from a hospital in Beijing, a retrospective cohort study was used to collect annual checkup data from 2013-2019. A questionnaire was used to obtain information on demographic characteristics and lifestyle habits. We measured blood pressure, height, weight, waist circumference, concentrations of triglycerides(TG), fasting glucose, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C). Longitude and latitude were also extracted from the addresses of the study subjects for pollutant exposure data estimation. Logistic regression models were used to explore the estimated effect of long-term PM_(2.5) exposure on the risk of CKD prevalence in people with abnormal MS components. Two-pollutant and multi-pollutant models were developed to test the stability of these result. Subgroup analysis was conducted based on age, the presence of MS, individual MS component abnormalities, and dual-component MS abnormalities. RESULTS: The study included 1540 study subjects with abnormal MS components at baseline, 206 with CKD during the study period. The association between long-term PM_(2.5) exposure and increased risk of CKD in people with abnormal MS fractions was statistically significant, with a 2.26-fold increase in risk of CKD for every 10 µg/m~3 increase in PM_(2.5) exposure(OR=3.26, 95% CI 2.72-3.90). The result in the dual-pollutant models and multi-pollutant models suggested that the association between long-term PM_(2.5) exposure and increased risk of CKD in people with abnormal MS fractions remained stable after controlling for contemporaneous confounding by other air pollutants. The result of subgroup analysis revealed that individuals aged 45 or older, without MS, with TG<1.7 mmol/L, HDL-C≥1.04 mmol/L, without hypertension, and with central obesity and high blood sugar had a stronger association between PM_(2.5) exposure and CKD-related health effects. CONCLUSION: Long-term exposure to PM_(2.5) may increase the risk of CKD in people with abnormal MS components. More attention should be paid to middle-aged and elderly people aged ≥45 years, people with central obesity and hyperglycemia.

Asunto(s)

Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales , Síndrome Metabólico , Material Particulado , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica , Humanos , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/etiología , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/epidemiología , Síndrome Metabólico/etiología , Síndrome Metabólico/epidemiología , Femenino , Masculino , Material Particulado/efectos adversos , Material Particulado/análisis , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/efectos adversos , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/análisis , Adulto , Estudios de Cohortes , Factores de Riesgo , Beijing/epidemiología , Anciano , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Modelos Logísticos

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Previous studies into relationship between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and cognitive decline were constrained to a single measurement, leaving the association between HDL-C variability and risk of cognitive decline unclear. METHODS: We identified 5930 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) who were devoid for stroke, dementia, and memory-related diseases at baseline and underwent a minimum of 2 sequential health examinations during 2011-2015. Variability in HDL-C was defined as (1) variability independent of the mean (VIM), (2) average real variability (ARV), and (3) standard deviation (SD) of HDL-C change from baseline and follow-up visits. Cognitive function was evaluated in 2018 by Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) in the Chinese version. Logistic regression was employed to explore the association between HDL-C variability and cognitive decline. Odd ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were reported. RESULTS: The study included participants from CHARLS, mean age of 57.84±8.44 years and 44 % male. After adjustment for covariates, the highest quartile of VIM was associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline [OR:1.049, 95 %CI: 1.014-1.086] compared to the lowest quartile. For each SD increment of VIM, the OR was 1.015 (95 %CI:1.003-1.027). Strong dose-response relationships were identified (P for trend: 0.005). Consistent results were obtained for other measures of HDL-C variability (ARV and SD). Similar patterns were identified in different dimensions of cognition. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated HDL-C variability was associated with increased cognitive decline risk. Strategies to reducing HDL-C variability may lower the risks of cognitive decline among the general population.

Asunto(s)

HDL-Colesterol , Disfunción Cognitiva , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , HDL-Colesterol/sangre , Disfunción Cognitiva/sangre , Disfunción Cognitiva/epidemiología , China/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Estudios Longitudinales , Factores de Riesgo , Estudios de Cohortes , Pruebas de Estado Mental y Demencia

RESUMEN

DFT and TD-DFT were used in this article to investigate the effects of different substitutions at multiple sites on the photophysical mechanism of bis-HBX in the gas phase. Four different substitution modes were selected, denoted as A1 (X=Me, Y=S), A2 (X=OMe, Y=S), B1 (X=Me, Y=NH), and C1 (X=Me, Y=O). The geometric parameters proved that the IHBs enhanced after photoexcitation, which was conducive to promote the ESIPT process. Combining the analysis of the PECs, it was revealed that the bis-HBX molecule underwent the ESIPT process, and the ease of the ESIPT process was in the order of A1 > A2> B1 > C1. In particular, the TICT process in A1 and B1 promoted the occurrence of the ESIPT process. In addition, the IC process was identified, particularly in C1. Meanwhile, the calculation of fluorescence lifetime and fluorescence rate further confirmed that A1 was the most effective fluorescent probe molecule. This theoretical research provides an innovative theoretical reference for regulating ESIPT reactions and optimizing fluorescent probe molecules.