RESUMEN

High temperatures and providing sufficient time for the thermal desorption of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from contaminated clay soils can lead to intensive energy consumption. Therefore, this article provides a critical review of the potential additives which can improve soil texture and increase the volatility of POPs, and then discusses their enhanced mechanisms for contributing to a green economy. Ca-based additives have been used to reduce plasticity of bentonite clay, absorb water and replenish system heat. In contrast, non-Ca-based additives have been used to decrease the plasticity of kaolin clay. The soil structure and soil plasticity can be changed through cation exchange and flocculation processes. The transition metal oxides and alkali metal oxides can be applied to catalyze and oxidize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, petroleum and emerging contaminants. In this system, reactive oxygen species (•O2- and •OH) are generated from thermal excitation without strong chemical oxidants. Moreover, multiple active ingredients in recycled solid wastes can be controlled to reduce soil plasticity and enhance thermal catalysis. Alternatively, the alkali, nano zero-valent iron and nano-TiN can catalyze hydrodechlorination of POPs under reductive conditions. Especially, photo and photo-thermal catalysis are discussed to accelerate replacement of fossil fuels by renewable energy in thermal remediation.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Nonspecific adsorption of biomolecules (notably, proteins) and bacteria from unsterilized food may occur on sensor surfaces, which is still a challenge for food safety sensing. To achieve sensitive detection of unsterilized raw-food materials, in this study, a U-shaped four-in-one peptide with the sequence Ac-FLKLLKKLL-DOPA3-PPPPEEKDQDKEKaa that exhibited anchoring, antifouling, antibacterial, and recognition properties was designed. The peptide-modified sensor surface effectively prevented bacterial adhesion and proliferation while resisting biomolecule adsorption (signal inhibition rate as low as 0.51 % in single-protein solutions). A highly conductive polymer layer of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) was introduced to improve the electrochemical performance before U-shaped four-in-one peptide anchoring. The proposed sensor could accurately detect vancomycin, with a wide linear range and limit of detection of 0.05-10 µg mL-1 and 2.06 ng mL-1 (S/N = 3), respectively. Satisfactory recovery rates (101.3-105.3 %) were achieved using diluted fresh goat milk.

RESUMEN

Solid-state phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes (pc-WLEDs) are the leading trend of the lighting industry in the 21st century. To pursue high quality WLED lighting, the development of highly efficient phosphors with tunable luminescence has become a hot research topic. Herein, we reported for the first time on Bi3+/Eu3+-doped Li3Ba2Y3(WO4)8 phosphors that exhibited tunable emission and high energy transfer efficiency of 89.90% from Bi3+ to Eu3+. The phase purity, microstructure, electronic structure and photoluminescence properties of these phosphors were studied in detail. Bi3+ and Eu3+ were effectively doped in Li3Ba2Y3(WO4)8 with an optical bandgap of 3.81 eV. The band structure and density of states were quantitatively evaluated by density functional theory simulation. At an excitation wavelength of 342 nm, the Bi3+-doped phosphor achieved yellow-green emission. By alloying Eu3+ into Li3Ba2Y3(WO4)8:Bi3+, the luminescence gradually turned red due to the energy transfer from Bi3+ to Eu3+. Moreover, the activation energy of the prepared phosphor was 0.1897 eV, demonstrating excellent thermal stability. Eventually, by combining Li3Ba2Y3(WO4)8:4%Bi3+,4%Eu3+ and a blue-emitting BAM:Eu2+ phosphor with a 365 nm ultraviolet chip, a WLED device with a high colour rendering index (Ra) of 78.7, chromaticity coordinates of (0.3401, 0.3131) and correlated colour temperature of 5080 K was successfully achieved. This work provided new insights into the design and development of color-tunable phosphors for white LEDs.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Verbascoside, a compound classified as a phenylethanol glycoside in Dihuang, has been the subject of modern pharmacological investigations. These studies have revealed its noteworthy antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, memory-enhancing, neuroprotective, antitumor, and various other pharmacological properties. While verbascoside exhibits favorable antioxidant effects, its precise mechanism of action in ameliorating osteoporosis through the treatment of oxidative stress remains unclear. METHODS: This study employed CCK8, ALP, ELISA, and ROS staining techniques to examine the osteoporotic effects of verbascoside on zebrafish and MC3T3-E1 cells. Additionally, this study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism by which verbascoside improves osteoporosis by mitigating oxidative stress. To identify the common targets of verbascoside in relation to oxidative stress and osteoporosis, network pharmacology and molecular dynamics simulation were employed. The construction of the verbascoside - oxidative stress - osteoporosis - potential target gene network aimed to identify the core targets, while the mechanism of action was elucidated through KEGG analysis, and the accuracy was confirmed by assessing the mRNA expression of the targets. RESULTS: In vivo experiments demonstrated that verbascoside exhibited therapeutic effects on osteoporosis and reduced ROS production in zebrafish. In vitro experiments further revealed that verbascoside enhanced the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, thereby improving the oxidative stress status of osteoblasts. Thirteen core targets and estrogen signaling pathways were identified through the application of network pharmacology. The pivotal role of the estrogen signaling pathway in facilitating the ability of verbascoside to mitigate oxidative stressinduced osteoporosis was substantiated by the modulation of target protein mRNA expression. CONCLUSION: The findings underscore the considerable therapeutic potential of verbascoside in ameliorating osteoporosis through the alleviation of oxidative stress, thus establishing it as a promising compound for the treatment of this condition.

RESUMEN

With the development of automated malware toolkits, cybersecurity faces evolving threats. Although visualization-based malware analysis has proven to be an effective method, existing approaches struggle with challenging malware samples due to alterations in the texture features of binary images during the visualization preprocessing stage, resulting in poor performance. Furthermore, to enhance classification accuracy, existing methods sacrifice prediction time by designing deeper neural network architectures. This paper proposes PAFE, a lightweight and visualization-based rapid malware classification method. It addresses the issue of texture feature variations in preprocessing through pixel-filling techniques and applies data augmentation to overcome the challenges of class imbalance in small sample datasets. PAFE combines multi-scale feature fusion and a channel attention mechanism, enhancing feature expression through modular design. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that PAFE outperforms the current state-of-the-art methods in both efficiency and effectiveness for malware variant classification, achieving an accuracy rate of 99.25 % with a prediction time of 10.04 ms.

RESUMEN

To maximize the therapeutic effects and minimize the adverse effects of synergistic tumor therapies, a multifunctional nanozyme Au-Bi/ZIF-8@DOX@HA (ABZ@DOX@HA) was designed and synthesized through the Au and Bi bimetallic doping of ZIF-8, loading of the DOX, and modifying with hyaluronic acid (HA). The ABZ@DOX@HA nanoparticles (NPs) could simulate the enzymatic activities of glucose oxidase (GOx) and peroxidase (POD). Upon irradiated by near-infrared region (NIR-II) laser, the strong synergism of the photothermal abilities of the loaded Au and Bi nanodots accelerated the collapse of the ABZ structure at the tumor site considerably and released Au, Bi nanodots and DOX. The results in vitro and in vivo proved that ABZ@DOX@HA nanozyme could effectively exert the combined tumor therapy of starvation treatment, photothermal therapy (PTT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and chemotherapy. The current research provides a new strategy to address the inherent challenges of easy clearance and short blood circulation of small-sized NPs during the treatment of tumors with nanomedicine, as well as the aggregation and oxidation of inorganic nanodots.

RESUMEN

Burns are the fourth most common type of civilian trauma worldwide, and the management of severe irregular scald wounds remains a significant challenge. Herein, crocin-1 laden hydroxybutyl chitosan (CRO-HBC) thermosensitive hydrogel with smart anti-inflammatory performance was developed for accelerating full-thickness burn healing. The injectable and shape adaptability of the CRO-HBC gel make it a promising candidate for effectively filling scald wounds with irregular shapes, while simultaneously providing protection against external pathogens. The CRO-HBC gel network formed by hydrophobic interactions exhibited an initial burst release of crocin-1, followed by a gradual and sustained release over time. The excessive release of ROS and pro-inflammatory cytokines should be effectively regulated in the early stage of wound healing. The controlled release of crocin-1 from the CRO-HBC gel adequately addresses this requirement for wound healing. The CRO-HBC hydrogel also exhibited an excellent biocompatibility, an appropriate biodegradability, keratinocyte migration facilitation properties, and a reactive oxygen species scavenging capability. The composite CRO-HBC hydrogel intelligently mitigated inflammatory responses, promoted angiogenesis, and exhibited a commendable efficacy for tissue regeneration in a full-thickness scalding model. Overall, this innovative temperature-sensitive CRO-HBC injectable hydrogel dressing with smart anti-inflammatory performance has enormous potential for managing severe scald wounds.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The aquatic plant Nymphaea, a model genus of the early flowering plant lineage Nymphaeales and family Nymphaeaceae, has been extensively studied. However, the availability of chloroplast genome data for this genus is incomplete, and phylogenetic relationships within the order Nymphaeales remain controversial. In this study, 12 chloroplast genomes of Nymphaea were assembled and analyzed for the first time. These genomes were 158,290-160,042 bp in size and contained 113 non-repeat genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. We also report on codon usage, RNA editing sites, microsatellite structures, and new repetitive sequences in this genus. Comparative genomics revealed that expansion and contraction of IR regions can lead to changes in the gene numbers. Additionally, it was observed that the highly variable regions of the chloroplast genome were mainly located in intergenic regions. Furthermore, the phylogenetic tree showed the order Nymphaeales was divided into three families, and the genus Nymphaea can be divided into five (or three) subgenera, with the subgenus Nymphaea being the oldest. The divergence times of nymphaealean taxa were analyzed, with origins of the order Nymphaeales and family Nymphaeaceae being about 194 and 131 million years, respectively. The results of the phylogenetic analysis and estimated divergence times will be useful for future evolutionary studies of basal angiosperm lineages. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-024-00242-0.

RESUMEN

Objectives: Locally advanced bulky unresectable head neck cancer causes significant tumor mass effects, leading to severe symptoms. This study aims to report the safety and outcomes in patients undergoing Lattice spatially fractionated radiotherapy (Lattice SFRT) for locally advanced bulky unresectable head and neck cancer. Methods: Patients with bulky head and neck cancer received Lattice SFRT between June 2022 and June 2023. Lattice SFRT was administered in 2-3 fractions of 12 Gy (Gy) using 6-megavolt (MV) photon beams through a multileaf collimator (MLC) based on VMAT technology. The primary endpoints were symptomatic and tumor response rates. Secondary endpoints were overall survival, local control, and acute and late toxicity rates. Results: 19 consecutive patients meeting the study criteria were identified, predominantly with squamous cell carcinoma histology. The median patient age was 62 years (range 39-79 years), and the median tumor volume was 208 cc (cc) (range 48-701 cc). All patients completed radiotherapy. Among all investigated patients, 16 of 19 (84.2 %) patients achieved an objective response, including 10 individuals achieved a partial response (PR), with 3 of them exhibiting regression exceeding 75 %. 17 patients showed symptom improvement to varying degrees. Acute toxicity of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) grade 1 or higher occurred in 5 patients, while no grade 3 adverse events was observed. Conclusions: Lattice SFRT proves to be a viable treatment option for the palliative management of bulky head and neck cancer. In the palliative setting, Lattice SFRT offers timely symptom relief, enhancing patient quality of life. Treatment toxicity remains within an acceptable range. Continued optimization of Lattice SFRT delivery and patient selection can benefit from further data on the feasibility and efficacy of this radiation modality.

RESUMEN

Background: The understanding of the immunological mechanisms underlying bipolar disorder (BD) has enhanced in recent years due to the extensive use of high-density genetic markers for genotyping and advancements in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). However, studies on the relationship between immune cells and the risk of BD remain limited, necessitating further investigation. Methods: Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis was employed to investigate the causal association between immune cell morphologies and bipolar disorder. Immune cell traits were collected from a research cohort in Sardinia, whereas the GWAS summary statistics for BD were obtained from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Sensitivity analyses were conducted, and the combination of MR-Egger and MR-Presso was used to assess horizontal pleiotropy. Cochran's Q test was employed to evaluate heterogeneity, and the results were adjusted for false discovery rate (FDR). Results: The study identified six immune cell phenotypes significantly associated with BD incidence (P< 0.01). These phenotypes include IgD- CD27- %lymphocyte, CD33br HLA DR+ CD14- AC, CD8 on CD28+ CD45RA+ CD8br, CD33br HLA DR+ AC, CD14 on CD14+ CD16+ monocyte, and HVEM on CD45RA- CD4+. After adjusting the FDR to 0.2, two immune cell phenotypes remained statistically significant: IgD-CD27-% lymphocyte (OR=1.099, 95% CI: 1.051-1.149, P = 3.51E-05, FDR=0.026) and CD33br HLA DR+ CD14-AC (OR=0.981, 95% CI: 0.971-0.991, P = 2.17E-04, FDR=0.079). In the reverse MR analysis, BD significantly impacted the phenotypes of four monocytes (P< 0.01), including CD64 on CD14+ CD16+ monocyte, CD64 on monocyte, CX3CR1 on CD14- CD16-, CD64 on CD14+ CD16- monocyte. However, after applying the FDR correction (FDR < 0.2), no statistically significant results were observed. Conclusions: This MR investigation reveals associations between immune cell phenotypes, bipolar disorder, and genetics, providing novel perspectives on prospective therapeutic targets for bipolar disorder.

RESUMEN

Tea polyphenols have a regulatory effect on metabolic-related diseases, however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Our study aims to explore the dietary intervention effect of Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenol in green tea, on obesity and intestinal barrier disorders in mice fed a high-fat diet. By supplementing with 50 mg kg-1 EGCG, we observed a significant amelioration in body weight gain, fat accumulation, and liver dysfunction. Furthermore, EGCG modulated the HFD-induced metabolomic alterations. In particular, EGCG intervention restored the ileal barrier by enhancing the expression of tight junction proteins and antimicrobial peptides. At the mechanistic level, EGCG treatment stabilized hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) both in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, EGCG significantly increased the abundance of Dubosiella and Akkermansia, along with the elevated SCFA contents. These findings suggest that the ability of EGCG to stabilize HIF1α and regulate specific gut microbes is pivotal in mitigating ileal barrier dysfunction and obesity. Moreover, serum metabolomics revealed potential biomarkers following EGCG intervention. This study supports the intake of EGCG or green tea in obesity management and offers a novel perspective for investigating the metabolic regulatory mechanism of other dietary polyphenols.

RESUMEN

Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep-disordered breathing condition linked to the accelerated onset of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, the prevalence of undiagnosed MCI among OSA patients is high and attributable to the complexity and specialized nature of MCI diagnosis. Timely identification and intervention for MCI can potentially prevent or delay the onset of dementia. This study aimed to develop screening models for MCI in OSA patients that will be suitable for healthcare professionals in diverse settings and can be effectively utilized without specialized neurological training. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at a specialized sleep medicine center from April 2021 to September 2022. Three hundred and fifty consecutive patients (age: 18-60 years) suspected OSA, underwent the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and polysomnography overnight. Demographic and clinical data, including polysomnographic sleep parameters and additional cognitive function assessments were collected from OSA patients. The data were divided into training (70%) and validation (30%) sets, and predictors of MCI were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Models were evaluated for predictive accuracy and calibration, with nomograms for application. Results: Two hundred and thirty-three patients with newly diagnosed OSA were enrolled. The proportion of patients with MCI was 38.2%. Three diagnostic models, each with an accompanying nomogram, were developed. Model 1 utilized body mass index (BMI) and years of education as predictors. Model 2 incorporated N1 and the score of backward task of the digital span test (DST_B) into the base of Model 1. Model 3 expanded upon Model 1 by including the total score of digital span test (DST). Each of these models exhibited robust discriminatory power and calibration. The C-statistics for Model 1, 2, and 3 were 0.803 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.735-0.872], 0.849 (95% CI: 0.788-0.910), and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.763-0.896), respectively. Conclusion: Three straightforward diagnostic models, each requiring only two to four easily accessible parameters, were developed that demonstrated high efficacy. These models offer a convenient diagnostic tool for healthcare professionals in diverse healthcare settings, facilitating timely and necessary further evaluation and intervention for OSA patients at an increased risk of MCI.

RESUMEN

Hydroxy-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) are a growing worldwide concern because of their persistence, ubiquity, and toxicity. Nonetheless, research on the toxicological mechanisms of OH-PAHs remains sparse, particularly concerning the risk of liver cancer. This study evaluated the effects of OH-PAHs on disrupting estrogen receptor α (ERα) and subsequently facilitating hepatocellular invasion and metastasis. Results revealed that all six OH-PAHs exhibited ERα agonistic activities at noncytotoxic levels, which were partially validated using molecular docking (MD) and molecular dynamics simulations (MDS). Furthermore, OH-PAHs with ERα agonistic properties stimulated a concentration-dependent increase in the migration and invasion of HepG2 cells. In addition, they disturbed the expression of target genes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and extracellular matrix (ECM), and the invasion effects were significantly reversed by adding an ERα antagonist. Our results suggest an essential role of ERα in the metastasis of liver cancer cells induced by OH-PAHs and emphasize their potential ecological and health hazards.

RESUMEN

Background: This study used machine learning to categorize cardiogenic shock (CS) patients treated with venous-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) into distinct phenotypes. Subsequently, it aimed to clarify the wide mortality variance observed in refractory CS, attributing it to the condition's inherent heterogeneity. Methods: This study enrolled a cohort of CS patients who received VA-ECMO support. By employing rigorous machine learning (ML) techniques, we generated and validated clusters based on determinants identified through algorithmic analysis. These clusters, characterized by distinct clinical outcomes, facilitated the examination of clinical and laboratory profiles to enhance the understanding of patient responses to VA-ECMO treatment. Results: In a study of 210 CS patients undergoing VA-ECMO treatment, 70.5% were male with a median age of 62, ranging from 53 to 67 years. Survival rates were 67.6% during VA-ECMO and 49.5% post-discharge. Patients were classified into three phenotypes based on the clinical and laboratory findings: "platelet preserved (I)", those with stable platelet counts, "hyperinflammatory (II)", those indicating significant inflammation, and "hepatic-renal (III)", those showing compromised liver and kidney functions. Mortality rates (25.0%, 52.8%, and 55.9% for phenotypes I, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ, respectively (p = 0.005)) varied significantly among these groups, highlighting the importance of phenotype identification in patient management. Conclusions: This study identified three distinct phenotypes among refractory CS patients treated using VA-ECMO, each with unique clinical characteristics and mortality risks. Thus, highlighting the importance of early detection and targeted intervention, these findings suggest that proactive management could improve outcomes for those showing critical signs.

RESUMEN

After inkjet printing onto uncoated and unsized paper, the ink is first imbibed into the interfiber pores and subsequently absorbed by the cellulose fibers. The achievable print quality depends on the rate of this pore-fiber transport. The latter is accompanied by mechanical expansion of the fibers and the paper sheet. Therefore, we systematically monitored the swelling dynamics of several paper types as a function of ink composition by means of four different measurement techniques. Using aqueous cosolvent solutions as model inks, we found an approximately exponential relation of the time scales of pore-fiber transport with the cosolvent concentration and an approximately linear relation with its molecular weight. Addition of surfactants can substantially speed-up pore-fiber transport.

RESUMEN

Anammox has received increased attention due to its enhanced and cost-efficient approach to nitrogen removal. However, its practical application is complicated by strict influent NO2--N to NH4+-N ratio demands and an 11% nitrate production from the anammox process. This study was the first known research to propose and verify a system of zeolite integrated with partial denitrification and anammox (Z-PDA) in an up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor. The enhanced and robust nitrogen removal resulted in an ultra-high nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE, 93.0 ± 2.0%). Zeolite adsorption and biological desorption of ammonium contributed to robust nitrogen removal with fluctuating influent NO2--N to NH4+-N ratios. Applying 16S rRNA gene sequencing found that Candidatus Brocadia and Thauera were the key bacteria responsible for anammox and partial denitrification (PD), respectively. Zeolite also acted as a biological carrier. This significantly enriched anammox bacteria with a higher relative abundance of Candidatus Brocadia, reaching 49.2%. Metagenomic analysis demonstrated that the multiple functional genes related to nitrogen removal (nrfA/H, narG/H/I) and the metabolic pathways (Biosynthesis of cofactors, the Two-component system, the Biosynthesis of nucleotide sugars, and Purine metabolism) ensured the resilience of the Z-PDA system despite influent fluctuations. Overall, this study provided novel insights into the impacts of zeolite in the PDA system. It described the fundamental mechanism of zeolite based on adsorption and biological desorption, and demonstrated a meaningful application of the anammox process in sewage treatment.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Biomaterials play an important role in treating bone defects. The functional characteristics of scaffolds, such as their structure, mechanical strength, and antibacterial and osteogenesis activities, effectively promote bone regeneration. In this study, mineralized collagen and polycaprolactone were used to prepare loaded porous scaffolds with bilayer-structured microspheres with dual antibacterial and osteogenesis functions. The different drug release mechanisms of PLGA and chitosan in PLGA/CS microspheres caused differences in the drug release models in terms of the duration and rate of Pac-525 and BMP-2 release. The prepared PLGA(BMP-2)/CS(Pac-525)@MC/PCL scaffolds were analyzed in terms of physical characteristics, bioactivity, and antibacterial properties. The scaffolds with a dimensional porous structure showed similar porosity and pore diameter to cancellous bone. The release curve of the microspheres and scaffolds with high encapsulation rates displayed the two-stage release of Pac-525 and BMP-2 over 30 days. It was found that the scaffolds could inhibit S. aureus and E. coli and then promote ALP activity. The PLGA(BMP-2)/CS(Pac-525)@MC/PCL scaffold could be used as a dual delivery system to promote bone regeneration.

RESUMEN

The rapid growth of bacterial resistance has created obstacles for the effective treatment with conventional antibiotics, simultaneously posing a major threat to public health. In this study, a class of novel amphipathic pyranochromene derivatives were designed and synthesized by mimicking the amphiphilic characteristics of AMPs. Bioactivity screening identified a lead compound 5a with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against Gram-positive stains (MICs = 1-4 µg/mL) and low hemolytic toxicity (HC50 = 111.6 µg/mL). Additionally, compound 5a displayed rapid bactericidal action, and was unlikely to induce bacterial resistance. Mechanistic investigation further demonstrated that compound 5a was able to disrupt the transmembrane potential and increased membrane permeability of S. aureus, which in turn causes leakage of cell contents such as DNA and proteins, ultimately leading to bacterial death. These findings indicated that compound 5a is a promising lead to combat bacterial infection caused by Gram-positive bacteria.

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Green flowers are not an adaptive trait in natural plants due to the challenge for pollinators to discriminate from leaves, but they are valuable in horticulture. The molecular mechanisms of green petals remain unclear. Tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) is a globally cultivated ornamental plant and considered the 'King of Flowers' in China. The P. suffruticosa 'Lv Mu Yin Yu (LMYY)' cultivar with green petals could be utilized as a representative model for understanding petal-specific chlorophyll (Chl) accumulation and color formation. OBJECTIVES: Identify the key genes related to Chl metabolism and understand the molecular mechanism of petal color changes. METHODS: The petal color parameter was analyzed at five developmental stages using a Chroma Spectrophotometer, and Chl and anthocyanin accumulation patterns were examined. Based on comparative transcriptomes, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, among which three were functionally characterized through overexpression in tobacco plants or silencing in 'LMYY' petals. RESULTS: During flower development and blooming, flower color changed from green to pale pink, consistent with the Chl and anthocyanin levels. The level of Chl demonstrated a similar pattern with petal epidermal cell striation density. The DEGs responsible for Chl and anthocyanin metabolism were characterized through a comparative transcriptome analysis of flower petals over three critical developmental stages. The key chlorophyllase (PsCLH1) and light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein 1 (PsLhcb1) and PsLhcb5 influenced the Chl accumulation and the greenness of 'LMYY' petals. CONCLUSION: PsCLH1, PsLhcb1, and PsLhcb5 were critical in accumulating the Chl and maintaining the petal greenness. Flower color changes from green to pale pink were regulated by the homeostasis of Chl degradation and anthocyanin biosynthesis. This study offers insights into underlying molecular mechanisms in the green petal and a strategy for germplasm innovation.