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When being stressed, plants require a balance between the resistance pathway and metabolism. Glucosinolates (GS) are secondary metabolics that widely exist in Brassicaceae. Glutathione (GSH) not only participates in plant processing reactive oxygen species (ROS) but also directly participates in GS synthesis as a sulfur donor. Therefore, we used transcriptomic to identify antioxidant and GS metabolism responses in GSH-treated pakchoi. Our study elucidated that GSH can be used as priming to improve oxidative resistance and preferentially stimulate the expression of resistance genes such as CAT1. The reduction in transcription factor expression inhibits the key steps of the GS synthesis pathway. When ROS returned to normal level, the resistance gene decreased and returned to normal level, while GSH restored the gene expression of GS biosynthesis. This work puts forward the mechanism of GSH in regulating the antioxidant system and glucosinolate metabolic pathway, which provides a basis for further study on the relationship between environmental signals and plant metabolism and provides ideas for follow-up research.

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The data mining analysis of the medication rule and the curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine in treating allergic rhinitis in children was performed by using the association rule Apriori algorithm. The model of interest degree was introduced to improve the Apriori algorithm, and the performance difference of the algorithm before and after improvement was analyzed. Traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions for the treatment of allergic rhinitis in children were selected from the dictionary of Chinese medicine formulations. The frequency, frequent itemsets, and the improved Apriori algorithm of each prescription were analyzed comprehensively. The results showed that both the execution time of the improved Apriori algorithm and the number of mining association rules were signally lower. 102 Chinese herbal compounds were selected, in which the occurrence frequency of Flos magnoliae was the highest (67 times, 5.33%). The occurrence frequency of diaphoretic drugs was the highest (412 times, 32.78%) in drug types. The occurrence frequency of Yu Ping Feng powder was the highest (21 times, 20.59%) in the Chinese herbal compound. After the association rule analysis of the improved Apriori algorithm, Perilla frutescens, Saposhnikovia divaricata, ginseng, Notopterygium root, and Astragalus propinquus Schischkin were often mixed with liquorice, and Flos magnoliae were usually mixed with Fructus xanthii and black plum. Compared with the conditions before treatment, the sign scores of children with allergic rhinitis were remarkably decreased after treatment with traditional Chinese medicine compounds (P < 0.05). The mining performance of the Apriori algorithm was improved by introducing an interest-based model. The treatment of traditional Chinese medicine on allergic rhinitis in children was combined with children's physiological and pathological characteristics of children, which used mild medicines.

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Temozolomide (TMZ) is the first-line chemotherapy drug for glioblastoma (GBM) but acquired TMZ resistance is frequently observed. Thus, a TMZ resistant GBM cell line U87-R was established to search for potential long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) used in TMZ resistance. In our study, LINC00511 was identified as a TMZ resistance-associated lncRNA in U87-R cells by transcriptome RNA sequencing. The potential functions of LINC00511 were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, cell viability assay, colony formation assay, western blot, soft agar assay, flow cytometry, tumor xenograft model, immunofluorescence, sphere formation assay, fluorescent in situ hybridization, luciferase reporter assay, and RNA pull-down assay. We found that LINC00511 was upregulated in U87-R cells and GBM samples, and correlated with poor prognosis of GBM patients. Silencing LINC00511 impaired TMZ tolerance of U87-R cells, while LINC00511 overexpression increased TMZ resistance of sensitive GBM cells. Wnt/ß-catenin signaling was activated in U87-R cells, and inhibiting Wnt/ß-catenin signaling enhanced TMZ sensitivity. Furthermore, LINC00511 was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of GBM cells and regulated Wnt/ß-catenin activation by acting as a molecular sponge for miR-126-5p. Multiple genes of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling such as DVL3, WISP1, and WISP2 were targeted by miR-126-5p. MiR-126-5p restoration impaired TMZ resistance of GBM cells. In conclusion, our results provided a novel insight into acquired TMZ resistance of GBM cells and suggested LINC00511 as a potential biomarker or therapeutic target for GBM patients.

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Glucosinolates, an important class of secondary metabolites in cruciferous vegetables, play a crucial role in protecting plants from stress-related damage. The mechanism of glucosinolate synthesis under short-term high temperature stress has not been sufficiently studied. In this work, we investigated the changes in transcription factors, synthetic genes, and related metabolites involved in glucosinolate synthesis by pakchoi seedlings under short-term high temperature stress (40 °C for 8 h). Short-term high temperature stress inhibited the primary sulfur assimilation and the contents of methionine, cysteine and glutathione. The contents of aliphatic and indolic glucosinolates were increased by short-term high temperature stress, whereas the content of 4-methoxy-glucobrassicin increased significantly. During the stress period, the transcript level of glucosinolate related MYB transcription factors had been basically significantly up-regulated, whereas the transcript level of aliphatic and indolic glucosinolate synthetic genes were predominantly up-regulated and down-regulated respectively. In the early recovery period, primary sulfur assimilation up-regulated rapidly, and decreased during the late recovery process. The glucosinolate content and synthesis gene expression act similar to the primary sulfur assimilation, a short up-regulated in early recovery, then all go down at 40 and 48 h after short-term high temperature treatment.

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OBJECTIVE: Accumulating evidence suggests that cancer survivors may have a relatively higher risk of stroke. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine whether cancer survivors have a relatively higher risk of stroke than cancer-free populations on the basis of published data from population-based cohort studies. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to February 8, 2020, for population-based cohort studies. Effect estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using the random-effects model. We conducted subgroup analyses and meta-regression to explore sources of heterogeneity and the stability of the results. RESULTS: Twenty population-based cohort studies involving 10,479,530 participants were identified. Overall, the relative risk (RR) for stroke in cancer survivors was 1.66 (95% CI 1.35-2.04; p < 0.001) compared with that in cancer-free controls; survivors of head and neck, hematologic, lung, pancreas, and stomach cancer (all p < 0.05) showed consistently significant results, whereas no significant increased risk was observed for patients with other cancer types. The effects were more prominent in cancer survivors with female sex (RR 1.38, 95% CI 1.18-1.61; p < 0.001), younger age at cancer diagnosis (<45 years) (RR 2.57, 95% CI 1.27-5.19; p = 0.009), and shorter cancer survival duration (≥1-2 years) (RR 1.69, 95% CI 1.18-2.42; p = 0.004). Moreover, cancer survivors had a significantly increased risk of ischemic stroke (RR 1.53, 95% CI 1.28-1.84; p < 0.001) compared with hemorrhagic stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Cancer plays a critical role in the etiologic of stroke. Due to the existence of substantial heterogeneity among the included studies, the results should be interpreted with caution. However, early prevention and effective intervention of stroke in cancer survivors require attention from health policy makers.

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