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The stator of a flat wire motor is the core component of new energy vehicles. However, detecting quality defects in the coating process in real-time is a challenge. Moreover, the number of defects is large, and the pixels of a single defect are very few, which make it difficult to distinguish the defect features and make accurate detection more difficult. To solve this problem, this article proposes the YOLOv8s-DFJA network. The network is based on YOLOv8s, which uses DSFI-HEAD to replace the original detection head, realizing task alignment. It enhances joint features between the classification task and localization task and improves the ability of network detection. The LEFG module replaces the C2f module in the backbone of the YOLOv8s network that reduces the redundant parameters brought by the traditional BottleNeck structure. It also enhances the feature extraction and gradient flow ability to achieve the lightweight of the network. For this research, we produced our own dataset of stator coating quality regarding flat wire motors. Data augmentation technology (Gaussian noise, adjusting brightness, etc.) enriches the dataset, to a certain extent, which improves the robustness and generalization ability of YOLOv8s-DFJA. The experimental results show that in the performance of YOLOv8s-DFJA compared with YOLOv8s, the mAP@.5 index increased by 6.4%, the precision index increased by 1.1%, the recall index increased by 8.1%, the FPS index increased by 9.8FPS/s, and the parameters decreased by 3 Mb. Therefore, YOLOv8s-DFJA can be better realize the fast and accurate detection of the stator coating quality of flat wire motors.

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Objective: To integrate pharmacovigilance and network toxicology methods to explore the potential adverse drug events (ADEs) and toxic mechanisms of selumetinib, and to provide a reference for quickly understanding the safety and toxicological mechanisms of newly marketed drugs. Methods: Taking selumetinib as an example, this study integrated pharmacovigilance methods based on real-world data and network toxicology methods to analyze its ADE and its potential toxicological mechanism. First, the ADE reports of selumetinib were extracted from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) adverse event reporting system (FAERS), and the ADE signals were detected by reporting odds ratio (ROR) and UK medicines and healthcare products regulatory agency (MHRA) methods. The ADE signals were classified and described according to the preferred terms (PTs) and system organ class (SOC) derived from the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA). The network toxicology method was used to analyze the toxicological mechanism of the interested SOCs. The specific steps included predicting the potential targets of selumetinib using TOXRIC, STITCH, ChEMBL, CTD, SwissTargetPreditcion, and Super-PRED databases, collecting the targets of SOC using GeneCards database, conducting protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis through STRING database, conducting gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis through DAVID database, and testing the molecular affinity using AutoDock software. Results: A total of 1388 ADE reports related to selumetinib were extracted, and 53 positive signals were detected by ROR and MHRA methods, of which 20 signals were not mentioned in the package insert, including ingrowing nail, hyperphosphatemia, cardiac valve disease, hematuria, neutropenia, etc. Analysis of the toxicological mechanism of six SOCs involved in positive ADE signals revealed that the key targets included EGFR, STAT3, AKT1, IL6, BCL2, etc., and the key pathways included PI3K/Akt pathway, apoptosis, ErbB signaling pathway, and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, etc. Molecular docking assays showed spontaneous binding of selumetinib to key targets in these pathways. Conclusion: The pharmacovigilance analysis identified some new potential ADEs of selumetinib, and the network toxicology analysis showed that the toxic effects of selumetinib may be related to PI3K/Akt pathway, apoptosis, ErbB signaling pathway, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance and other pathways.

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BACKGROUND: Oral Mucositis (OM) is a common and highly symptomatic complication of cancer therapy that affects patient function and quality of life. Jingzhi Niuhuangjiedu Tablet (JNT) is derived from the famous Chinese herbal formulas Huanglian Jiedu and Fangfeng Tongsheng decoctions, which have been widely used to treat heat toxin syndrome diseases, such as acute pharyngitis, periodontitis, oral ulcers, and oral mucositis (OM), but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: This study validated the efficacy and explored the potential mechanisms of JNT in the treatment of OM by integrating network pharmacological analyses and experimental verification. METHODS: Network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques were used to predict the active components, key targets, and potential mechanisms of action of JNT against OM. The rat OM model was established by administering 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and acetic acid to the rat oral mucosa. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were used as an inflammatory cell model. The GFP-NFκB HEK293T cell line was transfected to evaluate the anti-NFκB activity of JNT. RESULTS: A total of 236 Chinese herbal components and 201 corresponding targets were predicted for OM treatment using JNT. Bicuculine, luteolin, wogonin, and naringenin were identified as the important active compounds, while AKT1, ALB, IL6, MAPK3, and VEGFA were considered to be the major targets. Molecular docking revealed that these active compounds exhibited strong binding interactions with their targets. In vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that the anti-OM effect of JNT might be closely related to AKT1, NFκB, caspase-1, and NLRP3, as well as biological processes, such as inflammatory response and oxidative stress. CONCLUSION: Network pharmacological and experimental evidence indicates that JNT has a potential therapeutic effect on OM by regulating the Akt/NFκB/NLRP3 pathway.

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This paper addresses the challenge of detecting unknown or unforeseen obstacles in railway track transportation, proposing an innovative detection strategy that integrates an incremental clustering algorithm with lightweight segmentation techniques. In the detection phase, the paper innovatively employs the incremental clustering algorithm as a core method, combined with dilation and erosion theories, to expand the boundaries of point cloud clusters, merging adjacent point cloud elements into unified clusters. This method effectively identifies and connects spatially adjacent point cloud clusters while efficiently eliminating noise from target object point clouds, thereby achieving more precise recognition of unknown obstacles on the track. Furthermore, the effective integration of this algorithm with lightweight shared convolutional semantic segmentation algorithms enables accurate localization of obstacles. Experimental results using two combined public datasets demonstrate that the obstacle detection average recall rate of the proposed method reaches 90.3%, significantly enhancing system reliability. These findings indicate that the proposed detection strategy effectively improves the accuracy and real-time performance of obstacle recognition, thereby presenting important practical application value for ensuring the safe operation of railway tracks.

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DATA SOURCES: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors study (GBD) 2019. BACKGROUND: To describe burden, and to explore cross-country inequalities according to socio-demographic index (SDI) for stroke and subtypes attributable to diet. METHODS: Death and years lived with disability (YLDs) data and corresponding estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were estimated by year, age, gender, location and SDI. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the connections between age-standardized rates (ASRs) of death, YLDs, their EAPCs and SDI. We used ARIMA model to predict the trend. Slope index of inequality (SII) and relative concentration index (RCI) were utilized to quantify the distributive inequalities in the burden of stroke. RESULTS: A total of 1.74 million deaths (56.17% male) and 5.52 million YLDs (55.27% female) attributable to diet were included in the analysis in 2019.Between 1990 and 2019, the number of global stroke deaths and YLDs related to poor diet increased by 25.96% and 74.76% while ASRs for death and YLDs decreased by 42.29% and 11.34% respectively. The disease burden generally increased with age. The trends varied among stroke subtypes, with ischemic stroke (IS) being the primary cause of YLDs and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) being the leading cause of death. Mortality is inversely proportional to SDI (R = -0.45, p < 0.001). In terms of YLDs, countries with different SDIs exhibited no significant difference (p = 0.15), but the SII changed from 38.35 in 1990 to 45.18 in 2019 and the RCI showed 18.27 in 1990 and 24.98 in 2019 for stroke. The highest ASRs for death and YLDs appeared in Mongolia and Vanuatu while the lowest of them appeared in Israel and Belize, respectively. High sodium diets, high red meat consumption, and low fruit diets were the top three contributors to stroke YLDs in 2019. DISCUSSION: The burden of diet-related stroke and subtypes varied significantly concerning year, age, gender, location and SDI. Countries with higher SDIs exhibited a disproportionately greater burden of stroke and its subtypes in terms of YLDs, and these disparities were found to intensify over time. To reduce disease burden, it is critical to enforce improved dietary practices, with a special emphasis on mortality drop in lower SDI countries and incidence decline in higher SDI countries.

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In our study, a method based on affinity ultrafiltration screening coupled with UPLC-ESI-Orbitrap-MS technology was established to select Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists from natural products, and as an example, the GLP-1R agonists from Panax ginseng was selected using our established method. As a result, total five GLP-1R agonists were selected from Panax ginseng for the first time. Our results indicated that activating GLP-1R to promote insulin secretion probably was another important hypoglycemia mechanism for ginsenosides in Panax ginseng, which had great influence on the study of the anti-diabetes effect of ginsenosides.

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BACKGROUND: Migraine, a neurological disorder with a significant female predilection, is the leading cause of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in women of childbearing age (WCBA). There is currently a lack of comprehensive literature analysis on the overall global burden and changing trends of migraines in WCBA. METHODS: This study extracted three main indicators, including prevalence, incidence, and DALYs, related to migraine in WCBA from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD) database from 1990 to 2021. Our study presented point estimates with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). It evaluated the changing trends in the burden of migraine in WCBA using the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and percentage change. RESULTS: In 2021, the global prevalence, incidence, and DALYs cases of migraine among WCBA were 493.94 million, 33.33 million, and 18.25 million, respectively, with percentage changes of 48%, 43%, and 47% compared to 1990. Over the past 32 years, global prevalence rates and DALYs rates globally have increased, with an EAPC of 0.03 (95% UI: 0.02 to 0.05) and 0.04 (95% UI: 0.03 to 0.05), while incidence rates have decreased with an EAPC of -0.07 (95% UI: -0.08 to -0.05). Among the 5 Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) regions, in 2021, the middle SDI region recorded the highest cases of prevalence, incidence, and DALYs of migraine among WCBA, estimated at 157.1 million, 10.56 million, and 5.81 million, respectively, approximately one-third of the global total. In terms of age, in 2021, the global incidence cases for the age group 15-19 years were 5942.5 thousand, with an incidence rate per 100,000 population of 1957.02, the highest among all age groups. The total number of migraine cases and incidence rate among WCBA show an increasing trend with age, particularly in the 45-49 age group. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the burden of migraine among WCBA has significantly increased globally over the past 32 years, particularly within the middle SDI and the 45-49 age group. Research findings emphasize the importance of customized interventions aimed at addressing the issue of migraines in WCBA, thus contributing to the attainment of Sustainable Development Goal 3 set by the World Health Organization.

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Astragalus membranaceus is a traditional Chinese medicine with multiple pharmacological activities. Modern pharmacological research has found that Astragalus membranaceus extract has an inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase, however, which component can inhibit the activity of α-glucosidase and its degree of inhibition are unknown. To address this issue, this study used affinity ultrafiltration screening combined with UPLC-ESI-Orbitrap-MS technology to screen α-glucosidase inhibitors in Astragalus membranaceus. Using affinity ultrafiltration technology, we obtained the active components, and using UPLC-ESI-Orbitrap-MS technology, we quickly analyzed and identified them. As a result, a total of 8 ingredients were selected as α-glucosidase inhibitors.

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BACKGROUND: Cancer patients have a higher risk of depression and are associated with severe adverse prognosis. The relationship between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and depressive symptoms in cancer patients is currently unclear. Therefore, our study mainly explores the potential association between LTPA and the weekly cumulative time of LTPA with depressive symptoms in cancer patients. METHODS: We included and analyzed 3368 cancer patients (aged >20 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) of the United States from 1999 to 2018. The LTPA score was evaluated through a self-report questionnaire, while depressive symptoms were evaluated through the Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between LTPA duration and the occurrence of cancer-related depressiive symptoms. Linear correlation was studied using the restricted cubic spline method. RESULTS: According to a fully adjusted multivariate logistic regression model with confounding variables, the odds ratio (OR) between LTPA and depressive symptoms in cancer patients in this study was 0.59 (95 % confidence interval = 0.39, 0.92; P = 0.02). When the LTPA level was ≥300 min/week, the incidence of depressive symptoms was reduced by 59 % (OR = 0.41, 95 % CI = 0.21, 0.83). In addition, the cubic spline method was used to obtain a linear negative correlation between LTPA duration and tumor depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION: LTPA was negatively correlated with cancer-related depressive symptoms, and the cumulative time of LTPA/week was linearly correlated with depressive symptoms. The slope of the benefit curve changed significantly when the cumulative time of LTPA reached 600 min per week, suggesting that appropriately increasing LTPA had significant benefits on mental health of cancer patients.

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Background: Fufang Xiaohuoluo pill (FFXHL) is a commonly used prescription in clinical practice for treating rheumatoid arthritis in China, yet its specific mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate the pharmacological mechanisms of FFXHL using both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Methods: The collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model was established to evaluate FFXHL's therapeutic impact. Parameters that include paw swelling, arthritis scores, and inflammatory markers were examined to assess the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of FFXHL. Human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (MH7A cells) is activated by tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were used to explore the anti-inflammatory mechanism on FFXHL. Results: Our findings indicate that FFXHL effectively reduced paw swelling, joint pain, arthritis scores, and synovial pannus hyperplasia. It also lowered serum levels of TNF-α, interleukin-1ß (IL1ß), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed decreased expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 in FFXHL-treated CIA rat joints. In vitro experiments demonstrated FFXHL's ability to decrease protein secretion of IL-1ß and IL-6, suppress mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) -3, -9, and -13, reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and inhibit NF-κB p65 translocation in TNF-α stimulated MH7A cells. FFXHL also suppressed protein levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun Nterminal kinase (JNK), p38 MAP kinase (p38), protein kinase B (Akt), p65, inhibitor of kappa B kinase α/ß (IKKα/ß), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) induced by TNF-α in MH7A cells. Conclusion: The findings imply that FFXHL exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic effects in both CIA rat models and TNF-α-induced MH7A cells. The potential mechanism involves the inactivation of TLR4/MyD88, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), NF-κB, and Akt pathways by FFXHL.

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Peanuts, known for their nutritional value, health benefits, and delicious taste, are susceptible to agricultural chemical contamination, posing a challenge to the peanut industry in China. While tristyrylphenol ethoxylates (TSPEOs) have garnered attention for their widespread use in pesticide formulations, their dissipation and potential risks in peanuts remain a gap in knowledge. This study, unique in its focus on TSPEOs, investigates their dissipation and potential risks under two common application modes: spraying and root irrigation. The concentration of total TSPEOs in peanut plants was significantly higher when sprayed (435-37,693 µg/kg) than in root irrigation (24-1602 µg/kg). The dissipation of TSPEOs was faster in peanuts and soil when sprayed, with half-lives of 3.67-5.59 d (mean: 4.37 d) and 5.41-7.07 d (mean: 5.95 d), respectively. The residue of TSPEOs in peanut shells and soil were higher with root irrigation (8.9-65.2 and 25.4-305.1 µg/kg, respectively) than with spraying (5.4-30.6 and 8.8-146.5 µg/kg, respectively). These results indicated that the dissipation behavior of TSPEOs in peanuts was influenced by application modes. While the healthy and ecological risk assessments of TSPEOs in soil and peanut shells showed no risks, root irrigation might pose a higher potential risk than spraying. This research provides valuable data for the judicious application of pesticides during peanut cultivation to enhance pesticide utilization and reduce potential risks.

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Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium is a traditional Chinese medicine with extremely high health benefits as well as clinical value. In vivo and in vitro tests have proved that its main active secondary metabolites are flavonoids. However, they have not been comprehensively analyzed up to now mainly due to lack of suitable analysis method. To solve this problem, a novel strategy based on precursor ions locked and targeted MS/MS analysis was proposed. Firstly, the database of the flavonoids previously isolated from Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium was established to obtain the characteristics of their precursor ions. Secondly, after performing the full MS scan of the extract, all compounds in the total ion chromatogram were extracted by Compound Discoverer software. Thirdly, the precursor ions of the flavonoids were locked from the extracted compounds according to their characteristics, forming a precursor ions list. Finally, the precursor ions in the constructed list were performed targeted MS/MS analysis for structures characterization. As a result, total 187 flavonoids were successfully identified, and except for flavones, flavonols as well as dihydroflavones, some chalcones were also characterized from Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium for the first time.

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Although papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has a good prognosis, its recurrence rate is high and remains a core concern in the clinic. Molecular factors contributing to different recurrence risks (RRs) remain poorly defined. Here, we perform an integrative proteogenomic and metabolomic characterization of 102 Chinese PTC patients with different RRs. Genomic profiling reveals that mutations in MUC16 and TERT promoter as well as multiple gene fusions like NCOA4-RET are enriched by the high RR. Integrative multi-omics analyses further describe the multi-dimensional characteristics of PTC, especially in metabolism pathways, and delineate dominated molecular patterns of different RRs. Moreover, the PTC patients are clustered into four subtypes (CS1: low RR and BRAF-like; CS2: high RR and metabolism type, worst prognosis; CS3: high RR and immune type, better prognosis; CS4: high RR and BRAF-like) based on the omics data. Notably, the subtypes display significant differences considering BRAF and TERT promoter mutations, metabolism and immune pathway profiles, epithelial cell compositions, and various clinical factors (especially RRs and prognosis) as well as druggable targets. This study can provide insights into the complex molecular characteristics of PTC recurrences and help promote early diagnosis and precision treatment of recurrent PTC.

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Increasing evidence showed that imidacloprid affects plants' abiotic or biotic stress tolerance. However, the effects of imidacloprid on the quality of fruits remain elusive. This work aimed to study the effects of imidacloprid applied at different growth stages on the edible quality and phenolic profile of strawberry fruit in the field experiment. For the first time, lower fruit quality was observed in the mature strawberry fruits after imidacloprid treatment at the fruit-bearing completion stage (five days after pollination). Compared to the control group, the mature strawberry fruit wights and the SCC/TA ratio declined about 18.2-30.0 % and 10.3-16.8 %, respectively. However, those attributes did not occur in the mature strawberry fruits by imidacloprid treatment at the fruit maturation stage (30 days after pollination). Among the 30 phenolic compounds, nine presented significant up-regulation or down-regulation after imidacloprid application at two different growth stages, suggesting that the application period played an essential role in evaluating the effects of imidacloprid on the quality of fruits. A significant effect on fruit quality was presented at the strawberry early growth stage treated by imidacloprid. This study provided a new insight into how and when imidacloprid affects the quality of strawberry fruits, contributing to the future's more scientific application of imidacloprid on strawberries.

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Trisiloxane ethoxylates (TSEOn) are widely used as agricultural surfactants due to their significant synergism with the active ingredients of pesticides, generally, including three typical end groups which are hydroxyl (TSEOn-H), methoxy (TSEOn-CH3), and acetoxy (TSEOn-COCH3), respectively. However, the potential ecotoxicological and endocrine-disrupting risks of TSEOn congeners have recently attracted ever-growing concern. Above all, there is limited research on the concentration levels of TSEOn in agroecosystems. This study, simultaneous analysis of 39 TSEOn oligomers in citrus orchard soils in China was implemented by the modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) extraction coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The method detection limits (MDLs) and the method quantification limits (MQLs) for TSEOn were 0.003-0.07 µg/kg and 0.01-0.20 µg/kg, respectively. The recoveries for TSEOn oligomers in soils ranged from 81 % âˆ¼ 106 % with related standard deviations (RSDs) < 7 %. This newly developed UPLC-MS/MS method with high sensitivity and stability allows us to successfully trace the occurrence of TSEOn congeners in the citrus orchard soils from 3 provinces and 1 municipality in China. The detected concentrations of TSEOn-H oligomers in the sampled soils ranged from 0.02 to 0.288 µg/kg (dry weight). The congener profiles of TSEOn-H were dominated by TSEOn-H (n = 6- 8) in the soils. Additionally, the total concentrations of TSEOn-H congeners (ΣTSEOn-H) in the soils were in the range of 0.03 to 1.49 µg/kg. A comparison of ΣTSEOn-H distribution among the different citrus orchard soils indicated a higher level of ΣTSEOn-H in the soil samples collected from Zhejiang Province. Notably, TSEOn-CH3 or TSEOn-COCH3 oligomers were not detected in the tested soils. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the occurrence and distribution of TSEOn congeners in agricultural soils.

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The effect of obesity on wound-related outcomes in post-ovarian cancer patients is not clear. A number of studies on the association of fat with post-operation injury in ovarian carcinoma have produced contradictory findings. This study aims to conduct a study of the available data to assess the association of obese individuals with significant surgery results in ovarian cancer. We looked up Cochrane Library, Embase, and PubMed for qualifying research on ovarian cancer operations to determine the primary evidence for evaluating the association of obesity with post-surgical wound injury in ovarian cancer. The odds ratio (OR) was analysed with a fixed effect model if the variability of the study was small; otherwise, the analysis of the data was done with a random effect model. Out of 1259 related trials which were reviewed for eligibility, 6 publications were chosen from 2009 to 2019, 3076 patients who had had an operation for ovarian cancer. Obesity has been linked to an increased rate of wound-related complications in ovarian cancer operations compared to those without obesity (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.37, 0.69 p < 0.0001). Non-obesity was significantly less likely to occur with respect to operation time compared to those with obesity (MD, -48.00; 95% CI, -55.33, -40.68 p < 0.00001). There were no statistically significant differences in the rate of haemorrhage after the operation (OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.04, 1.57, p = 0.14). Because of the limited number of trials in this meta-analysis, caution should be exercised in their treatment. More high-quality research with a large sample is required in order to confirm the findings.

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the risk factors for aSAH and subsequent death in patients with MMD. METHODS: Chinese Multi-Center Cerebral Aneurysm Database (CMAD) is a multicenter study registered in China. From 2016 to 2021, 181 patients with MMD in CMAD. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for intracranial aneurysm rupture. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression were used to risk factors associated with ruptured intracranial aneurysm patients with MMD follow-up events (death). Cumulative survival was described using the Kaplan‒Meier technique. RESULTS: Of 11,686 IA patients, 181 (1.5%) had MMD. In the study, 158 patients with MMD were enrolled. There were 53 ruptured aneurysms and 105 unruptured aneurysms. In multivariate analysis, age (≥ 60 years OR 2.350 [1.008-5.478]), location (middle cerebral artery OR5.431 [1.347-21.889]; posterior circulation arteries OR 3.189 [1.110-9.163]) and aneurysm size (≥ 5 mm OR 2.855 [1.274-6.397], P = 0.011) were associated with intracranial aneurysm rupture in patients with MMD. In the 2-year follow-up time of aSAH patients, 44% (22/50) had favorable outcomes, 14% (7/50) had unfavorable outcomes and 42% (21/50) had death. Hypertension (HR 6.643 [1.620-27.244], P = 0.009) and Hunt-Hess grade (H&H grade IV HR 14.852 [3.151-70.011], P = 0.001; H&H grade V HR 17.697 [3.046-102.842], P = 0.001) were associated with increased mortality. In contrast, both ST (HR 0.168 [0.031-0.921], P = 0.04) and ET (HR 0.289 [0.087-0.957], P = 0.042) achieved good results. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the proportion of MMD in IA patients was approximately 1.5% (181/11686). For patients with cerebral ischemia on admission, revascularization may prevent the rupture of intracranial aneurysms. Age ≥ 60 years, location, and aneurysm size ≥ 5 mm were associated with IA rupture. Further analysis showed that being located in the middle cerebral artery was the most relevant risk factor for rupture. Patients with ruptured IA who underwent ST or ET had better clinical outcomes and survival than those who underwent CT; however, hypertension and poor initial Hunt-Hess grade were independent predictors of death.

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) emerges as a severe crisis to public health and requires global action. The occurrence of bacterial pathogens with multi-drug resistance appeals to exploring alternative therapeutic strategies. Antivirulence treatment has been a positive substitute in seeking to circumvent AMR, which aims to target virulence factors directly to combat bacterial infections. Accumulated evidence suggests that plant-derived natural products, which have been utilized to treat infectious diseases for centuries, can be abundant sources for screening potential virulence-arresting drugs (VADs) to develop advanced therapeutics for infectious diseases. This review sums up some virulence factors and their actions in various species of bacteria, as well as recent advances pertaining to plant-derived natural products as VAD candidates. Furthermore, we also discuss natural VAD-related clinical trials and patents, the perspective of VAD-based advanced therapeutics for infectious diseases and critical challenges hampering clinical use of VADs, and genomics-guided identification for VAD therapeutic. These newly discovered natural VADs will be encouraging and optimistic candidates that may sustainably combat AMR.

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Depressive rumination has been implicated in the onset, duration, and treatment response of refractory depression. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is remarkably effective in treatment of refractory depression by modulating the functional coordination between brain hubs. However, the mechanisms by which ECT regulates depressive rumination remain unsolved. We investigated degree centrality (DC) in 32 pre- and post-ECT depression patients as well as 38 matched healthy controls. An identified brain region was defined as the seed to calculate functional connectivity (FC) in whole brains. Rumination was measured by the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS) and its relationships with identified DC and FC alterations were examined. We found a significant negative correlation between DC of the right orbitofrontal cortex (rOFC) before ECT and brooding level before and after treatment. Moreover, rOFC DC increased after ECT. DC of the left superior temporal gyrus (lSTG) was positively correlated with reflective level before intervention, while lSTG DC decreased after ECT. Patients showed elevated FC in the rOFC with default mode network. No significant association was found between decreased RRS scores and changes in DC and FC. Our findings suggest that functional changes in rOFC and lSTG may be associated with the beneficial effects of ECT on depressive rumination.

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Background: Statistically, Anterior communicating aneurysm (ACoA) accounts for 30 to 35% of intracranial aneurysms. ACoA, once ruptured, will have an acute onset and cause severe neurological dysfunction and even death. Therefore, clinical analysis of risk factors related to ACoA and the establishment of prediction model are the benefits to the primary prevention of ACoA. Methods: Among 1,436 cases of single ACoA patients, we screened 1,325 valid cases, classified risk factors of 1,124 cases in the ruptured group and 201 cases in the unruptured group, and assessed the risk factors, respectively, and predicted the risk of single ACoA rupture by using the logistic regression and the machine learning. Results: In the ruptured group (84.8%) of 1,124 cases and the unruptured group (15.2%) of 201 cases, the multivariable logistic regression (MLR) model shows hemorrhagic stroke history (OR 95%CI, p:0.233 (0.120-0.454),<0.001) and the age stratification of 60-69 years (OR 95%CI, p:0.425 (0.271-0.668),<0.001) has a significant statistic difference. In the RandomForest (RF) model, hemorrhagic stroke history and age are the best predictive factors. Conclusion: We combined the analysis of MLR, RF, and PCA models to conclude that hemorrhagic stroke history and gender affect single ACoA rupture. The RF model with web dynamic nomogram, allows for real-time personalized analysis based on different patients' conditions, which is a tremendous advantage for the primary prevention of single ACoA rupture. Clinical trial registration: https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=178501.