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BACKGROUND: Vascular dementia (VaD) is a comprehensive syndrome related to the damage of cognitive function and various cerebral vascular illnesses. VaD is also generally recognized as the second most common type of dementia after Alzheimer disease, contributing to 30% of the dementia population in Asia and developing countries. The ability of donepezil hydrochloride and nimodipine had been respectively proven in improving cognitive function in vascular dementia. However, whether the combined application of both drugs contribute to better efficacy remains as a research hotspot. Studies had shown definite satisfactory result with such combination, however evidence-based evaluation of the efficacy is still lacking. Therefore, meta-analysis is employed in this study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of using donepezil hydrochloride combined with nimodipine in treating VaD to provide references for clinical treatments. The efficacy of donepezil hydrochloride combined with nimodipine on treating vascular dementia is systematically reviewed to provide evidence-based references for clinical applications. METHODS: Both Chinese and English databases were searched from the start till August, 2020 for any RCT regarding the combined use of the 2 drugs in treating vascular dementia. Two investigators would later evaluate and screened out research and data based on an improved Jaded scale. Software Rev Man 5.3.0 was employed to carry out meta-analysis on clinical effificacy, mini-mental state examination (MMSE) ratings, activity of daily living (ADL) ratings, and clinical dementia scale (CDR) ratings. RESULTS: Donepezil hydrochloride combined with nimodipine had demonstrated satisfactory efficacy on the treatment of vascular dementia. Improvements were namely spotted on MMSE scale, ADL scale, and CDR scale, with the utmost efficacy by 12 weeks after intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Donepezil hydrochloride combined with nimodipine had good efficacy in the treatment of patients with vascular dementia, mainly in terms of improving the Simple MMSE scores, the ability to use daily living scale (ADL) scores and the CDR, and the best results were obtained after 12 weeks of intervention. Such conclusion should be cautiously evaluated.

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Wavefront control lies at the heart of modern optics. Metasurfaces with specifically tailored resonators can encode different phases to two orthogonal polarization components, but suffer from wavelength-dependent efficiency, sophisticated fabrication, and limited size. Liquid crystals, another excellent candidate for planar optics, are restricted to spin-coupled conjugated phase modulations. Planar optics with spin-decoupled functions is expected to release the multifunctionality of modern optics. Here, a spin-decoupled transflective spatial light modulator is presented with a piecewise-twisted anisotropic monolayer. The phases of reflected and transmitted light can be independently customized by preprogramming the initial orientations of the periodic helix and mirror-symmetric dual-twist configuration, respectively. A transflective orbital angular momentum encoder and decoder is demonstrated, which is simultaneously compatible with different multiplexing techniques. This work releases the multifunctionality of advanced planar optics and may upgrade existing devices in optical informatics.

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Fish gelatin (FG) has been extensively studied as a potential substitute for mammal gelatin. However, FG often requires different modification methods to change its physical and chemical properties due to its low gelling properties. Here, γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) were combined to modify FG to improve its gelling properties. The γ-PGA at 0.04% (w/v) and MTGase of different concentrations (0.02-0.08%, w/v) were used to modify FG, and the effects of complex modification on the gelling properties and structure of FG were studied. When the MTGase content was 0.08% (w/v), FG had the best gelling properties. In addition, the complex modification of MTGase and γ-PGA hindered the formation of the triple helix during the FG gel process. This reduced the gel rate, but significantly increased its viscosity. A schematic model was also proposed to illustrate the complex modifications of FG by MTGase and γ-PGA.

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Angiolipomas are frequently observed benign tumors. They have a typical vascular component and are often located in subcutaneous tissues, and more rarely, in the gastrointestinal tract. We present the case of a 58-year-old man who complained of abdominal discomfort in the left lower quadrant and two to three bloody stools a day without any obvious etiology. These symptom became more severe in the next three days, due to a large angiolipoma located in the descending colon, which was diagnosed intraoperatively. In a literature review, we found only 22 cases of angiolipomas involving the gastrointestinal tract which are reported in the literature from 1960 to 2012 in PubMed; the key words used in the search are gastrointestinal tract angiolipoma, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, intestine, ileocecal junction, colon, rectum angiolipomas. Colon angiolipoma with intussusception, as seen in this case, is rare and may require emergent surgical intervention.

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Extrathoracic solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) have been described at almost every anatomic location of human body, but reports of SFT in the abdominal cavity are rare. We herein present a rare case of SFT originating from greater omentum. Computed tomography revealed a 15.8 cm × 21.0 cm solid mass located at superior aspect of stomach. Open laparotomy confirmed its mesenchymal origin. Microscopically, its tissue was composed of non-organized and spindle-shaped cells exhibiting atypical nuclei, which were divided up by branching vessel and collagen bundles. Immunohistochemical staining showed that this tumor was negative for CD117, CD99, CD68, cytokeratin, calretinin, desmin, epithelial membrane antigen, F8 and S-100, but positive for CD34, bcl-2, α-smooth muscle actin and vimentin. The patient presented no evidence of recurrence during follow-up. SFT arising from abdominal cavity can be diagnosed by histological findings and immunohistochemical markers, especially for CD34 and bcl-2 positive cases.

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OBJECTIVE: To observe treadmill exercise test (TET) characteristics in patients with myocardial bridging (MB). METHODS: TET results from January 2003 to December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed in 156 patients with confirmed MB diagnosis. MB patients were divided into smoking group (68 cases) and non-smoking group (88 cases). Coronary angiography results were used to analyze the relations between MB length, myocardial ischemia and exercising duration. RESULTS: (1) MB was documented on two coronary arteries in 2 patients (1%), MB was detected in single artery in 154 patients (99%), of whom 146 cases were located at left anterior descending artery, 8 cases were located at right coronary artery. The degree of narrowing of MB was graded 1 (less than 50%) in 16 patients (10%), grade 2 (50% to 75%) in 108 patients (69%) and grade 3 (greater than 75%) in 32 patients (21%). The length of MB ranged between 4 to 40 mm, MB length was less than 10 mm in 40 patients (26%), between 11 to 20 mm in 48 patients (31%), between 21 to 30 mm in 44 patients (28%), greater than 31 mm in 24 patients (15%). (2) TET positive rate was 41% (64/156) and the TET positive rate was significantly higher in smoking group than in non-smoking group [57% (39/68) vs. 28% (25/88, P < 0.01)]. (3) The length of MB was positively related to the ST-segment depression (r = 0.723, P < 0.01) and negatively related to exercising duration (r = -0.828, P < 0.01). Heart rate was positively related to the ST-segment depression (r = 0.368, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: TET may serve as a good test to assess myocardial ischemia in patients with MB. The length of MB is positively related with myocardial ischemia and negatively related with exercising duration. Smoking might increase myocardial ischemic incidence in MB patients, MB patients should be advised to stop smoking.

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PURPOSE: To explore the relationship between orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular joint disorder(TMD). METHODS: The questionnaire and clinical examination were administered in 173 cases who underwent orthodontic treatment (orthodontic group),95 cases with morphologic malocclusion(malocclusion group) and 32 cases with normal occlusion (normal group) to collect symptoms and signs of TMD, the data were analyzed in the databases designed according to the modified Helkimo indices. SPSS10.0 software package was used for Wilcoxon test. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences between the orthodontic group and malocclusion group in the distribution of anamnestic, clinical dysfunction and occlusion indices(P<0.001). There were statistically significant differences between the orthodontic group and normal group with regard to the distribution of anamnestic, clinical dysfunction indices(P<0.001). No statistically significant differences were found between the orthodontic group and normal group in terms of occlusion indices(P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that patients undergoing orthodontic treatment have more symptoms and signs of TMD in the time ranged.

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OBJECTIVE: To study the therapeutic effect of bleomycin-A5 injection under eletrolaryngoscope for treatment of large laryngopharyngeal and laryngeal hemangioma. METHODS: Intratumor bleomycin-A5 injection under eletrolaryngoscope was performed in 18 cases of large laryngopharyngeal and laryngeal hemangioma with surface anaesthesia, for totally 7 to 14 (mean 10.2) injections in each case. RESULTS: Twelve patients were cured and 6 showed obvious improvement. Follow-up of the patients for over one year found no recurrence of the hemangioma. CONCLUSION: Bleomycin-A5 injection is a minimal invasive procedure for treatment of large laryngopharyngeal and laryngeal hemangioma, causing less pain and better preserving the laryngeal function without the necessity of tracheotomy.

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PURPOSE: To evaluate the bond properties of Vitadur alpha on dental zirconia framework material. METHODS: Vitadur alpha was sintered on the surface of four groups' presintered zirconia ceramic plates which were dealt with respective procedures. SEM, energy distribution spectrum and thermal shock test were applied to evaluate the sintering properties of such interfaces. Shear bond strength of Vitadur alpha-zirconia interfaces were measured, and the results were analysed by ANOVA method. RESULTS: Satisfying result was obtained in Vitadur alpha sintered on the zirconia framework material, furthermore, chemical combination between the two laminates were confirmed by means of energy distribution spectrum. The shear bond strength of 3Y-TZP-Vitadur alpha dentin differed under different surface conditionings: highest shear bond strength appeared in the group conditioned with water sand paper (35.1662MPa), shear bond strength of the group conditioned with sandblast (27.8283MPa) was better than that of non-conditioning group (20.9677MPa), diamond condition group had the lowest shear bond strength (15.3025MPa), significant difference existed between each group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Further clinical research could be carried out on Vitadur alpha and zirconia ceramic framework under conditioning with sandblast.

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