RESUMEN
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is an important food crop; however, its production is affected by salt stress. Salt stress can inhibit seed germination, promote senescence, and modify cell wall biosynthesis, assembly, and architecture. Melatonin, an indole heterocycle, has been demonstrated to greatly impact cell wall structure, composition, and regulation in plants under stress. However, the molecular basis for such assumptions is still unclear. In this study, a common bean variety, "Naihua" was treated with water (W), 70 mmol/L NaCl solution (S), and 100 µmol/L melatonin supplemented with salt solution (M+S) to determine the response of common bean to exogenous melatonin and explore regulatory mechanism of melatonin against salt stress. The results showed that exogenous melatonin treatment alleviated salt stress-induced growth inhibition of the common bean by increasing the length, surface area, volume, and diameter of common bean sprouts. Moreover, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) indicated that the cell wall regulation pathway was involved in the salt stress tolerance of the common bean enhanced by melatonin. Screening of 120 germplasm resources revealed that melatonin treatment improved the salt tolerance of more than 65% of the common bean germplasm materials. Melatonin also up-regulated cell wall pathway genes by at least 46%. Furthermore, we analyzed the response of the common bean germplasm materials to melatonin treatment under salt stress using the key genes associated with the synthesis of the common bean cell wall as the molecular markers. The results showed that two pairs of markers were significantly associated with melatonin, and these could be used as candidate markers to predict whether common bean respond to exogenous melatonin and then enhance salt tolerance at the sprouting stage. This study shows that cell wall can respond to exogenous melatonin and enhance the salt tolerance of common bean. The makers identified in this study can be used to select common bean varieties that can respond to melatonin under stress. Overall, the study found that cell wall could response melatonin and enhance the salt tolerance and developed the makers for predicting varieties fit for melatonin under stress in common bean, which may be applied in the selection or development of common bean varieties with abiotic stress tolerance.
RESUMEN
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent degenerative joint diseases that affects millions of individuals worldwide. During OA, proinï¬ammatory factors (including IL-1, IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-α) are released from chondrocytes and proliferating synoviocytes potentiate the proinflammatory microenvironment of the synovial fluid (SF). The altered SF microenvironment affects the infiltration, polarization and apoptosis of macrophages, though the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. In the present study, the hypothesis that the knee synovial fluid of patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA SF) promotes the polarization of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived M1 macrophages and inhibits PBMC-derived macrophage apoptosis was investigated. KOA SF increased PBMC-derived macrophage M1 polarization via the microRNA (miR)-155-5p/suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 signaling pathway. Caspase-3 (CASP3) was identified as a novel target of miR-155-5p, where KOA SF inhibited macrophage apoptosis via the miR-155-5p/CASP3 signaling pathway. The results suggested that the proinflammatory environment of KOA SF promoted macrophage M1 polarization and reduced macrophage apoptosis via miR-155-5p. The results provided a potential explanation for the increased number of M1 macrophages observed in KOA SF during OA. In addition, the present study suggested that miR-155-5p may serve as a potential therapeutic target for KOA.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of ultrasound (US)-guided hydrostatic reduction (UGSED) of intussusceptions in pediatric patients by saline enema. METHODS: Five thousand two hundred eighteen pediatric patients with intussusceptions treated by UGSED from October 1985 to October 2002 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: The success rate of reduction in 5218 patients was 95.5%. Two hundred thirty-seven patients (4.5%) underwent surgery. Colonic perforation occurred in 9 patients (0.17%). Two infants suffered from milk aspiration because of vomiting during the hydrostatic enema reduction. There was no mortality. CONCLUSIONS: UGSED of intussusceptions avoids radiation exposure. It is reliable and safe. It has high success rate and minimal complications. It is a perfect method for the nonoperative treatment of pediatric intussusception and can be widely used as routine therapy.