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CONTEXTE: Il est connu que les maladies non transmissibles s'originent dans les habitudes et les choix alimentaires, et la littératie en santé est le meilleur déterminant de la santé d'un individu au 21e siècle. Or, cet aspect reste peu exploré en contexte camerounais. Dès lors, cette étude examine la relation entre la littératie en santé, la littératie alimentaire, la littératie alimentaire numérique et le comportement alimentaire des étudiants de l'Université de Yaoundé I. MÉTHODES: Un total de 240 étudiants âgés de 18 à 48 ans (M = 21,97 ans, ET = 7,03), dont 149 (62,1 %) femmes, sélectionnés par commodité, ont rempli un questionnaire composite comprenant des échelles de mesure de la littératie en santé (Health Literacy Survey European Union Questionnaire Short Form), de la littératie alimentaire (Short Food Literacy Questionnaire), de la littératie alimentaire numérique (eHealth Literacy Scale) et du comportement alimentaire (General Dietary Behavior Inventory). Les données ont été analysées grâce au logiciel SPSS, v.20, en utilisant des tests de Mann-Whitney, de Kruskal-Wallis, de Spearman et des modèles linéaires généralisés. RÉSULTATS: Les résultats ont montré que le comportement alimentaire n'est pas associé aux caractéristiques sociodémographiques des étudiants. L'analyse des modèles linéaires généralisés a démontré que le comportement alimentaire des étudiants est influencé par la littératie alimentaire (ß = 1,503, p < 0,001), la littératie en santé (ß = 1,191, p < 0,05) et la littératie alimentaire numérique (ß = 1,263, p < 0,001). De même, prises ensemble, elles entrainent une variation de 6,929 sur le comportement alimentaire (χ²(3) = 63,070, ß = 6,929, p < 0,001). CONCLUSION: L'étude suggère que plus de recherches sur d'autres sous-groupes de population sont nécessaires afin de fournir des données pour des interventions en faveur d'une alimentation saine.

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Background: We assessed/compared the evolution of tobacco and e-cigarette experimentation and use among French adolescents of the Loire department aged 15-16 years. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional/observational study conducted in 2018-2020 among 7,950 Year 11 pupils attending 27 public secondary schools of the Loire department, France. Results: From 2018 to 2020, 66.18% of adolescents were "non-vapers and non-smokers", 19.76% were "vapers and smokers", 7.90% were "non-vapers and smokers" and 6.15% were "vapers and non-smokers". E-cigarette experimentation was more prevalent than tobacco experimentation (44.92% vs 41.67%), and daily vaping was less prevalent than daily smoking (5.40% vs 10.24%). More boys than girls were daily vapers or daily smokers. A decrease was observed in tobacco experimentation (from 41.22% in 2018 to 39.73% in 2020) and e-cigarette experimentation (from 50.28% in 2018 to 41.25% in 2020). Current vaping remained stable, with an increase in daily vaping. French adolescent vapers frequently use e-liquids with little or no nicotine or with fruit or sweet flavours. Conclusions: Adolescents used e-cigarettes mainly for experimental and/or recreational purposes, with no intention of progression to daily smoking. Although the design of this study is not longitudinal and caution must be exercised, from our cross-sectional observational study data, it appears that the proportion of "non-vapers and non-smokers" tended to increase. "Smokers" tended to progress to the dual use of vaping and smoked tobacco, with the likely intention to reduce or quit smoking.

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INTRODUCTION: We describe the vaping and smoking habits of French adolescents aged 15-16 years in the Loire department with a view to assess the impact of e-cigarette experimentation and use on their smoking behavior. METHODS: This quantitative, cross-sectional, single-center and observational study conducted from January to July 2019 targeted 6622 students aged 15-16 years attending public high school in the Loire department, France. RESULTS: A total of 4937 (74.6%) adolescents were included. Of these, 73.2% were non-vapers and 72.2% non-smokers; 66.0% of adolescents were non-vapers and non-smokers. Slightly less than half of adolescents had experimented with e-cigarettes (44.6%), more than half of whom (26.8%) continued to use vaping products, with 6.02% vaping daily. Likewise, a little less than half of adolescents had experimented with smoked tobacco (42.4%), more than half of whom (27.8%) continued to use smoking products, with 10.3% smoking daily. Vapers and smokers (20.6%) tended to begin with the use of smoked tobacco and to progress to the dual use of vaping and smoked tobacco products. Vaping had a positive effect, as 71.8% of vapers who smoked tobacco before initiating vaping stopped or reduced smoking following their progression to this double use. More than half of tobacco users are daily users while this daily use affects only 1/3 boys and 1/6 girls for vape. Finally, nearly 80.7% of adolescents who had never smoked before vaping did not smoke at the time of the study. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that vaping has a rather marginal impact on smoking initiation among French adolescents aged 15-16 years in the Loire department. They therefore neither confirm nor completely disprove the gateway effect theory, relating to use of tobacco subsequent to vaping.

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Introduction : Longitudinal studies make it possible to study the evolution of a class of individuals over time. However, they are rarely used in France to observe the same population of young adolescents according to their grade level over the course of several years.Purpose of research : Based on the longitudinal monitoring of repeated annual cross-sectional studies on young adolescents (from 15 to 18 years old) conducted at the Honoré d’Urfé public high school (Saint-Étienne, Loire, France) involving 336 10th grade pupils in 2018, 360 11th grade pupils in 2019 and 273 12th grade pupils in 2020, we observed and studied students’ smoking and vaping behavior over a period of three years.Results : Between the ages of 15 and 18 years, the prevalence of tobacco experimentation increased almost linearly (39.10%, 47.50%, and 53.11%), while the prevalence of ‘non-smoking’ decreased by 4.5%. In addition, the prevalence of e-cigarette experimentation was stable (46.38%, 49.44%, 47.62%), whereas the prevalence of daily vaping increased by 5.0%.Conclusions : The prevalence of tobacco experimentation tends to increase with age and to catch up with that of e-cigarette experimentation, which remains stable at this stage of adolescence. Introductions to these two products seem to be rather recreational, playful, and experimental in nature, and do not have a significant connection with the development of their daily use or propensity to addiction.

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Introduction: Skin bleaching is a common practice in Africa, particularly in Cameroon. Studies show that it represents a danger for health, in terms of a demonstrated increased risk of dermatological diseases. However, increasing numbers of people are using skin bleaching in African cities, despite the fact that they are sometimes aware of the risk. This study proposed to transform the knowledge and perceptions of skin bleaching practices into educational strategies that can be used both by health professionals and educators. These strategies can also be used as preventive measures against skin bleaching among young schoolgirls. Methods: Data collection was based on a qualitative approach, in the form of a focus group discussion attended by 40 girls aged between 14 and 20 years, selected by convenient random sampling. Results: The results indicated that girls have an approximate knowledge about the consequences of skin bleaching on their health. On the contrary, they have a good knowledge about prevention, which can be used to develop a prevention strategy in order to reduce or eradicate skin bleaching, by educational awareness campaigns Conclusion: These elements can be used as a basis for better prevention and health promotion in schools; so that students adopt healthy behaviours and to prevent those students at risk.

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Objective: Failure to comply with dietary recommendations exposes young insulin-dependent diabetics to a risk of acute complications of diabetes and is a subject of major concern for health care professionals, who expected young diabetics to effectively adopt the recommended eating behaviour based on the revised diet. However, the revised diet initiated by health care professionals in Cameroon has been shown to have a limited efficacy. The objective of this study was to elucidate the motivations underlying poor compliance young diabetics with dietary recommendations and which simultaneously determine their eating behaviour. Methods: The study was conducted in Yaoundé and was based on observations and biographical interviews with 13 students between the ages of 15 and 20 years with a diagnosis of diabetes for at least 6 months. Data were analysed by content analysis. Results: The results revealed negative perceptions of diabetes and treatment, encouraging young diabetics not to comply with the recommended eating and an influence of their social environment, i.e. school characteristics, peers and family, on their eating behaviour. Conclusion: The eating behaviour of young diabetics is determined equally by individual motivations related to their perceptions and social motivations. These motivations must be taken into account by health care professionals to promote better adherence of patients to dietary recommendations.

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