RESUMEN
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Because studies have evidenced variations in nutrient intake, further investigation of the interaction between demographic characteristics and the seasons is necessary. We aimed to test the differences in food intake throughout the seasons and the interaction between the seasons and sex and age. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study included 273 individuals. Food intake was evaluated with 24-hour dietary recalls, and the reported food items were sorted into food groups. We performed the test on the differences in intake of food groups throughout the seasons with repeated measures and on the interaction effect by using the Generalized Estimate Equation. RESULTS: Intake of fruits and natural fruit juices and sweetened beverages was lower, whereas that of grains and derivatives was higher in the winter. The intake of leafy vegetables and fish and seafood was lower in the autumn. The consumption of coffee and eggs was higher in the spring. Intake of chocolate powder and sugar, salt and lean poultry was higher in the winter. The variation in consumption of grains and derivatives, eggs, fatty poultry and processed meat over the seasons was more likely to be modified by sex. Age interacted with the seasons for leafy vegetables, beans and lentils, lean beef, lean poultry, low fat milk and light yogurt, vegetable oil and unsalted margarine, chocolate powder and sugar and processed meat. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that food intake may change seasonally and that seasonal variation depends on sex and age, which might aggregate a specific co-variation component.
Asunto(s)
Encuestas sobre Dietas/estadística & datos numéricos , Dieta/estadística & datos numéricos , Ingestión de Alimentos , Alimentos/estadística & datos numéricos , Estaciones del Año , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Brasil , Encuestas sobre Dietas/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores Sexuales , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Este trabalho surgiu da observação de que a espécie vendida livremente nas feiras e bancas populares do município do Rio de Janeiro (RJ) difere botanicamente de Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. Ex. Reiss (Celastraceae), comercializada industrialmente (e com uso reconhecido e registrado no Ministério da Saúde) como Espinheira Santa. Por comparação botânica foi constatado que nenhuma das espécies recolhidas correspondia a M. ilicifolia Mart. Ex. Reiss e sim, provavelmente a Sorocea bomplandii Bailon (Moraceae), uma das espécies mais utilizadas na adulteração da Espinheira Santa. Uma vez que não existem estudos suficientes que justifiquem o uso ou comprovem a segurança de S. Bomplandii Bailon, este passa a configurar um problema de saúde pública.
This work started with the notice that the specie freely sold in fairs and popular stores in Rio de Janeiro city botanically differs from Mart. Ex. Reiss (Celastraceae), industrially commercialized (and with its use recognized and registered in the Ministry of Health) as Espinheira Santa. By botanical comparison it was evidenced that none of the collected species corresponded to M. ilicifolia Mart. Ex. Reiss but, probably, to Sorocea bomplandii Bailon (Moraceae), one of the most used species in the adulteration of Espinheira Santa. Once there aren't enough studies that justifies the use or that evidence the safety of S. Bomplandii Bailon, it becomes a public health issue.