RESUMEN
We have built an online tool with a user-friendly and browser-based interface to facilitate the processing of high resolution and precision oil mass spectrometry data. DropMS does not require software installations. Mass spectra are sent and processed by the server using various algorithms reported in the literature, such as S/N ratio filters, recalibrations, chemical formula assimilations, and data visualization using graphs and diagrams popularly known in mass spectrometry as Van Krevelen and Kendrick diagrams and DBE vs C#. To validate the algorithms used and the processing results, the same mass spectrum of a typical Brazilian oil sample was analyzed by ESI(+)-FT-ICR/MS and processed using Sierra Analytics DropMS and Composer to obtain good agreement between the heteroatomic classes found and the number of compounds assigned. The MS has chemical information spread over the entire spectrum. The PLS multivariate regression has the main objective of decomposing the most important information into latent variables in order to quantify the most evaluated properties. Finally, 12 processed petroleum FT-ICR MS spectra were used for a partial least-squares regression with seven latent variables for R2 = 0.971 and RMSEC of 0.997 for API density property with a reference value range of 21-42.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of hospitalization on the oral health status of individuals hospitalized for a short period of time. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was an observational study of hospitalized patients. The plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) was measured at baseline (T0 - first 24 h of hospital admission), and at 3 (T1), 7 (T2), 14 (T3) days. RESULTS: One hundred and sixty-two patients were examined at baseline (T0), 35 examined at 3 days (T1), 23 at 7 days (T2) and 16 at 14 days (T3). The main reason for loss of patients was hospital discharge. The mean PI increased at T1 (0.97-1.21; p < 0.001), at T2 (1.06-1.30; p < 0.007) and at T3 (1.19-1.44; p < 0.03). Gingival index (GI) increased at T2 (0.74-0.96; p < 0.04) and at T3 (0.74-0.96; p < 0.02). CONCLUSION: Oral health, assessed through PI and GI, deteriorates after a short period of hospitalization.
Asunto(s)
Estado de Salud , Pacientes Internos , Tiempo de Internación , Salud Bucal , Biopelículas , Placa Dental/clasificación , Índice de Placa Dental , Escolaridad , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Hemorragia Gingival/clasificación , Gingivitis/clasificación , Hospitalización , Humanos , Renta , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Higiene Bucal , Admisión del Paciente , Alta del Paciente , Índice Periodontal , Clase Social , Cepillado DentalRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to determine how initial HIV prevention efforts for homeless youth were received and to determine areas where homeless youth's beliefs and behaviors continue to put them at risk for HIV infection. Interviews were conducted with 289 Seattle homeless youth. Youth reported using condoms with casual partners during vaginal and anal sex and with clients during oral, anal and vaginal sex. Condoms are often not used during vaginal sex with main partners or during oral sex with casual or main partners. Knowledge of HIV protective strategies differed according to youth's behavioral characteristics with heterosexual youth having the weakest knowledge of HIV protective strategies especially compared with young men who have sex with men. There is room for improvement in youth's knowledge and beliefs about HIV.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH/prevención & control , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Jóvenes sin Hogar/estadística & datos numéricos , Conducta Sexual/estadística & datos numéricos , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/prevención & control , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/transmisión , Adolescente , Adulto , Condones/estadística & datos numéricos , Víctimas de Crimen , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/transmisión , Jóvenes sin Hogar/etnología , Jóvenes sin Hogar/psicología , Humanos , Entrevistas como Asunto , Masculino , Asunción de Riesgos , Sexo Seguro/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/prevención & control , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/epidemiología , Washingtón/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Six states require health plans to provide or authorize second medical opinions (SMOs). The intent of such legislation is to preserve consumer choice, to improve the flow of information, and to improve health outcomes in this era of managed care. However, it is unclear who benefits from these laws. This paper reviews the changing role of second opinions and, using a nationally representative data set from the Commonwealth Fund, examines who gets them. Of persons who had visited a doctor in the previous year, 19 percent received a second opinion, for an estimated cost of $3.2 billion in 1994. Findings suggest that cultural norms and sociocultural factors may partially determine who may benefit from SMO legislation.