RESUMEN
Single cell studies have identified intraclonal heterogeneity of cytokine production by activated T cells. To investigate implications of cytokine heterogeneity for cell fate, an interleukin (IL)-2 promoter-green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter transgenic model was developed to track IL-2+ and IL-2- T cells during differentiation from naive precursors. Antigen-activated IL-2+ and IL-2- cells had comparable proliferative capacities in primary responses. However, T cells that expressed IL-2 in primary responses demonstrated enhanced antigenic sensitivity and increased expression of effector cytokines in secondary responses in vitro and in vivo. Thus, heterogeneity of activation during a primary response translates into heterogeneous secondary responses, in which enhanced memory/effector function is linked to cells that previously exceeded an activation threshold associated with IL-2 gene transcription.
Asunto(s)
Memoria Inmunológica/inmunología , Interleucina-2/biosíntesis , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Animales , Antígenos CD2/genética , Diferenciación Celular , Células Cultivadas , Femenino , Expresión Génica , Proteínas Fluorescentes Verdes , Interleucina-2/genética , Proteínas Luminiscentes/genética , Subgrupos Linfocitarios/inmunología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Transgénicos , Ovalbúmina/inmunología , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Linfocitos T/citología , Células TH1/citología , Células TH1/inmunología , Células Th2/citología , Células Th2/inmunología , TransgenesRESUMEN
In summary, we describe a case of central nervous system infection with O. xanthineolytica in which the infecting microbe probably was engrafted on a ventricular shunt. The bacteria caused a smoldering meningitis that did not respond to penicillin and rifampin despite in vitro sensitivity, presumably because of inadequate cerebrospinal fluid penetration of the penicillin and the recognized difficulty of eradicating bacteria from contaminated shunts. Removal of the shunt and continued treatment with penicillin and rifampin resulted in cure.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Actinomycetales/etiología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Central/etiología , Derivaciones del Líquido Cefalorraquídeo/efectos adversos , Infecciones por Actinomycetales/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Central/tratamiento farmacológico , Contaminación de Equipos , Femenino , HumanosRESUMEN
A method of preparing cytopathology specimen collection bottles with a heparin solution is described. The need and benefits of using heparinized bottles for the collection of body cavity fluids are discussed briefly. The formulation of the heparin solution and procedure for preparation of the bottles are given in detail. Collection techniques are discussed briefly. Use of the heparinized bottles results in more reliable diagnostic procedures.