RESUMEN
There is a hypothesis that ghrelin could take part in the central effects of alcohol as well as function as a peripheral indicator of the changes which occur during long-term alcohol consumption. The aim of this study was to determine a correlation between alcohol concentration and acylated and total form of ghrelin after a single administration of alcohol (intraperitoneal, i.p.) (experiment 1) and prolonged ethanol consumption (experiment 2). The study was performed using Wistar alcohol preferring (PR) and non-preferring (NP) rats and rats from inbred line (Warsaw High Preferring, WHP; Warsaw Low Preferring, WLP). It was found that ghrelin in ethanol-naive WHP animals showed a significantly lower level when compared with the ethanol-naive WLP or Wistar rats. After acute ethanol administration in doses of 1.0; 2.0 and 4.0 g/kg, i.p., the simple (WHP) or inverse (WLP and Wistar) relationship between alcohol concentration and both form of ghrelin levels in plasma were found. Chronic alcohol intake in all groups of rats led to decrease of acylated ghrelin concentration. PR and WHP rats, after chronic alcohol drinking, had lower levels of both form of ghrelin in comparison with NP and WLP rats, respectively, and the observed differences in ghrelin levels were in inverse relationship with their alcohol intake. In conclusion, it is suggested that there is a strong relationship between alcohol administration or intake, ethanol concentration in blood and both active and total ghrelin level in the experimental animals, and that ghrelin plasma concentration can be a marker of alcohol drinking predisposition.
Asunto(s)
Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/metabolismo , Alcoholismo/metabolismo , Depresores del Sistema Nervioso Central/farmacología , Etanol/farmacología , Ghrelina/metabolismo , Acilación , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/sangre , Alcoholismo/sangre , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Depresores del Sistema Nervioso Central/administración & dosificación , Depresores del Sistema Nervioso Central/sangre , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Etanol/administración & dosificación , Etanol/sangre , Femenino , Preferencias Alimentarias , Ghrelina/efectos de los fármacos , Ghrelina/fisiología , Humanos , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas , Ratas Wistar , TemplanzaRESUMEN
In the last few years, the authors have noted an increasing amount of cases submitted for analysis in the Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, and addressing alcohol abuse by breast-feeding mothers. A question about the exposure to direct danger of death or grave detriment to health of a child by a breast-feeding mother under the influence of alcohol is posed by prosecution or the court, and the expectation is obtaining answers from forensic experts as to whether the situation fulfills the meaning of article 160 of the penal code, which would result in the mother bearing criminal liability. Difficulties that have arisen during the analysis of such cases have prompted the authors to analyze the problem of alcohol abuse by breast-feeding mothers in terms of medico-legal opinions.
Asunto(s)
Intoxicación Alcohólica/diagnóstico , Lactancia Materna/efectos adversos , Certificado de Defunción/legislación & jurisprudencia , Etanol/envenenamiento , Testimonio de Experto/legislación & jurisprudencia , Bienestar del Lactante/legislación & jurisprudencia , Centros Médicos Académicos , Adolescente , Adulto , Intoxicación Alcohólica/etiología , Intoxicación Alcohólica/prevención & control , Alcoholismo/diagnóstico , Causas de Muerte , Niño , Desarrollo Infantil/efectos de los fármacos , Preescolar , Testimonio de Experto/normas , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Conducta Materna , Polonia , Justicia Social , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Although the estrogenic properties of numerous chloroorganic pesticides have been widely recognized, population studies do not give clear results indicating the link between the exposure to these compounds and breast cancer development. Because of the weak affinity of these pesticides to estrogen receptors, they probably act by affecting the expression of CYP genes encoding cytochromes P450 engaged in the metabolism of environmental as well as natural estrogens. To examine the possible correlation between environmental estrogen levels in adipose tissue and breast cancer stage, grade, receptor status and onset of the disease, adipose tissue was isolated from 54 breast cancer patients and 23 healthy individuals. Clinical characteristics were obtained from the medical records, while the information concerning exposure to environmental estrogens where obtained from questionnaires. The environmental estrogens were identified and quantified by GC-chromatography. The data was analyzed with the use of Student t-test and Spearman correlation. The levels of most environmental estrogens did not differ between the patients and the controls, except the beta-HCH (beta-hexachlorocyclohexane) level, which was higher in the patients than in the healthy individuals. Significantly higher levels of DDE (1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethene) and DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenol)ethane) (P < 0.05) were observed in the patients with late onset of the disease which was probably due to the time of exposure. Moreover, in the patients exposed to environmental estrogens, significantly higher concentrations of DDD (1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethane) were found (P < 0.05). We also evidenced that estrogen-independent cancer was more frequent in the patients exposed to numerous risk factors in which higher levels of HCB (hexachlorobenzene), gamma-HCH (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane), DDD and DDT in adipose tissue were detected. Breast cancer development is probably related to the accumulation of DDT and its derivatives, but the effect appears only in older patients. We postulate that environmental estrogens acting together with other risk factors might influence the progress and exacerbate the prognosis of breast cancer.
Asunto(s)
Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Contaminantes Ambientales/metabolismo , Estrógenos/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Cromatografía de Gases , DDT/metabolismo , Diclorodifenil Dicloroetileno/metabolismo , Diclorodifenildicloroetano/metabolismo , Femenino , Hexaclorociclohexano/metabolismo , Humanos , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
The potential for a release of dental restoration material or a spontaneous loss of a tooth structure fragment in the course of mastication frequently requires a reliable identification of the lost fragment in order to confirm its origin. The consequences of incidental mechanical injuries -- in view of the presence of dangerous solid fragments -- become particularly important in cases of using a chewing gum. The problem involves distinguishing between the structure of a fragment of restoration or a broken tooth structure and incidental contaminants of chewing gum produced in the process of gum manufacturing. The consequences of mechanical injuries or exposure to potential structural tooth damage in the course of gum chewing provide a subject for numerous litigations against manufacturer of chewing gum and require appropriate identification of the material. The studies were conducted using solid phase infrared spectroscopy in the range of 500-4000 wavelength (cm(-1)) for a quick identification of dental materials used in the dental practice. A database of infrared transmission spectra characteristic of commonly employed dental filling materials was prepared to provide a systemic reference system, useful in controversial interpretation cases.
Asunto(s)
Materiales Dentales/análisis , Odontología Forense/métodos , Espectroscopía Infrarroja Corta/métodos , Traumatismos de los Dientes/clasificación , Traumatismos de los Dientes/diagnóstico , Pérdida de Diente , Goma de Mascar , Odontología Forense/legislación & jurisprudencia , Humanos , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador , Diente/químicaAsunto(s)
Toxicología Forense/estadística & datos numéricos , Errores Médicos/estadística & datos numéricos , Intoxicación/diagnóstico , Detección de Abuso de Sustancias/estadística & datos numéricos , Xenobióticos/envenenamiento , Centros Médicos Académicos , Causalidad , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Testimonio de Experto , Femenino , Medicina Legal/estadística & datos numéricos , Toxicología Forense/legislación & jurisprudencia , Humanos , Masculino , Errores Médicos/prevención & control , Intoxicación/epidemiología , Polonia/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Detección de Abuso de Sustancias/legislación & jurisprudenciaRESUMEN
The study takes advantage of the presently available effective physicochemical methods (isolation, crystallization, determination of melting point, TLC, GLC and UV spectrophotometry) for an objective and reliable qualitative and quantitative analysis of frequently abused drugs. The authors determined the conditions for qualitative and quantitative analysis of active components of the secured evidence materials containing amphetamine sulphate, methylamphetamine hydrochloride, 3,4-me-tylenedioxy-methamphetamine hydrochloride (MDMA, Ecstasy), as well as delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta(9)-THC) as an active component of cannabis (marihuana, hashish). The usefulness of physicochemical tests of evidence materials for opinionating purposes is subject to a detailed forensic toxicological interpretation.
Asunto(s)
Anfetaminas/química , Cannabinoides/química , Estimulantes del Sistema Nervioso Central/química , Medicina Legal/métodos , Drogas Ilícitas/química , Humanos , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray/métodos , Detección de Abuso de Sustancias/métodosRESUMEN
This study is aimed at evaluating effective techniques of qualitative and quantitative analysis of selected 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, useful both for thanatological diagnosis of intoxications as well as monitoring therapy. The studies took advantage of gas chromatography (GLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Isolation of studied compounds from biological material was performed using classical and solid phase extraction procedures (SPE) such as Bond Elut LRC (Varian), Abselut Nexus (Varian), STRATA C - 18 E (Phenomenex). The program included analysis of nine of the most frequently prescribed derivatives: nifedipine, felodipine, amlodipine, nicardipine, nimodypine, nilvadipine, nitrendipine, nisoldipine, isradipine.
Asunto(s)
Bloqueadores de los Canales de Calcio/sangre , Bloqueadores de los Canales de Calcio/envenenamiento , Cromatografía de Gases , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Dihidropiridinas/sangre , Dihidropiridinas/envenenamiento , Amlodipino/sangre , Amlodipino/envenenamiento , Cromatografía de Gases/métodos , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Felodipino/sangre , Felodipino/envenenamiento , Medicina Legal/métodos , Humanos , Isradipino/sangre , Isradipino/envenenamiento , Nicardipino/sangre , Nicardipino/envenenamiento , Nifedipino/análogos & derivados , Nifedipino/sangre , Nifedipino/envenenamiento , Nimodipina/sangre , Nimodipina/envenenamiento , Nisoldipino/sangre , Nisoldipino/envenenamiento , Nitrendipino/sangre , Nitrendipino/envenenamiento , Polonia , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
Intoxication with carbamazepine (Amizepine, Tegretol) represents a significant problem of clinical and forensic toxicology which frequently develops independently of the commonly used monitored therapy. In the study a technique of qualitative and quantitative analysis applied to carbamazepine (CBZ) as well as its metabolites carbamazepine 10, 11-epoxide (CBZ-E) and 10, 11-dihydroxycarbamazepine (CBZ-DH) in biological material using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was presented. The studies also involve isolation of studied compounds using solid phase extraction, SPE-Abselut NEXUS (Varian), establishment of calibration range and validation of analytical parameters. This was followed by a discussion of results obtained in routine diagnostic investigations in cases of intoxications, corroborating practical suitability of the designed technique.
Asunto(s)
Carbamazepina/análogos & derivados , Carbamazepina/efectos adversos , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Detección de Abuso de Sustancias/métodos , Anticonvulsivantes/efectos adversos , Anticonvulsivantes/metabolismo , Antimaníacos/efectos adversos , Antimaníacos/metabolismo , Carbamazepina/administración & dosificación , Carbamazepina/sangre , Carbamazepina/metabolismo , Medicina Legal/métodos , Humanos , Intoxicación/diagnóstico , Intoxicación/etiología , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Toxicología/legislación & jurisprudenciaRESUMEN
Intoxications with amphetamine derivatives represent an important problem of clinical and forensic toxicology. Even if distribution of the drug group has been legally forbidden, they continue to pose serious threats, linked to their uncontrolled administration which frequently leads to lethal intoxications. We present a case of intoxication in a 17-year-old male with amphetamine derivate--MDMA, Ecstasy. Clinical analysis documented an acute multi-organ failure, in particular pronounced hepatic and renal insufficiency, disseminated intravascular clotting (DIC). The comprehensive diagnosis and resulting discharge abstract of the acute poisoning were confirmed by postmortem investigations.
Asunto(s)
Lesión Renal Aguda/inducido químicamente , Coagulación Intravascular Diseminada/inducido químicamente , Fallo Hepático Agudo/inducido químicamente , Insuficiencia Multiorgánica/inducido químicamente , N-Metil-3,4-metilenodioxianfetamina/envenenamiento , Adolescente , Resultado Fatal , Humanos , Masculino , N-Metil-3,4-metilenodioxianfetamina/sangreRESUMEN
Intoxication with carbamazepine (Amizepine, Tegretol) represents a significant problem of clinical and forensic toxicology, which frequently develops independently of the commonly used monitored therapy. In the study a technique of qualitative and quantitative analysis applied to carbamazepine (CBZ) as well as its metabolites carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide (CBZ-E) and 10,11-dihydroxycarbamazepine (CBZ-DH) in biological material using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was presented. The studies also involve isolation of studied compounds using solid phase extraction, SPE-Abselut NEXUS (Varian), establishment of calibration range and validation of analytical parameters. This was followed by a discussion of results obtained in routine diagnostic investigations in cases of intoxications, corroborating practical suitability of the designed technique.
Asunto(s)
Carbamazepina/análogos & derivados , Carbamazepina/efectos adversos , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Detección de Abuso de Sustancias/métodos , Anticonvulsivantes/efectos adversos , Anticonvulsivantes/metabolismo , Antimaníacos/efectos adversos , Antimaníacos/metabolismo , Carbamazepina/administración & dosificación , Carbamazepina/sangre , Carbamazepina/metabolismo , Medicina Legal/métodos , Humanos , Intoxicación/diagnóstico , Intoxicación/etiología , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Toxicología/legislación & jurisprudenciaRESUMEN
The study aimed at finding effective techniques of qualitative and quantitative analysis of selected beta-adrenergic blockers, useful both for monitoring of therapy and for thanatological diagnosis of intoxications. The studies took advantage of gas chromatography (GLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). For isolation of studied compounds from biological material, classical and solid phase extraction procedures (SPE) Extrelut-20 (Merck), Abselut Nexus (Varian), STRATA C--18 E (Phenomenex) were used. The program included the analysis of most frequently applied derivatives: Acebutolol, Atenolol, Bunitrolol, Bupranolol, Labetolol, Metipranolol, Metoprolol, Oxprenolol, Practolol, Propranolol.