RESUMEN

The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate and determine the concentration of prostaglandin GF2α (PGF2α) and isoprostane 8-iso-PGF2α in plasma and intestine of specific pathogen-free (SPF) Leghorn chickens challenged with Eimeria maxima, with or without dietary supplementation of curcumin using solid-phase microextraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Eighty 1-day-old male SPF chickens were randomly allocated to one of four groups with four replicates (n = 5 chickens/replicate). Groups consisted of: (1) Control (no challenge), (2) Curcumin (no challenge), (3) Eimeria maxima (challenge), and (4) Eimeria maxima (challenge) + curcumin. At day 28 of age, all chickens in the challenge groups were orally gavaged with 40,000 sporulated E. maxima oocysts. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in the groups regardless of the treatment or challenge with E. maxima. Enteric levels of both isoprostane 8-iso-PGF2α and PGF2α at 7 days and 9 days post-challenge were significantly increased (P < 0.01) compared to the non-challenge control chickens. Interestingly, the enteric levels of both isoprostane 8-iso-PGF2α and PGF2α at 7 days post-challenge were significantly reduced in chickens fed curcumin, compared to control chickens challenge with E. maxima. At 9 days post-challenge, only levels of isoprostane 8-iso-PGF2α in the enteric samples were significantly reduced in chickens challenged with E. maxima supplemented with curcumin, compared with E. maxima challenge chickens. No differences of isoprostane 8-iso-PGF2α or PGF2α were observed in plasma at both days of evaluation. Similarly, no significant differences were observed between the challenge control or chickens challenge with E. maxima and supplemented with curcumin at both times of evaluation. The results of this pilot study suggests that the antioxidant anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin reduced the oxidative damage and subsequent intestinal mucosal over-production of lipid oxidation products. Further studies to confirm and extend these results in broiler chickens are required.

Asunto(s)

Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Coccidiosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Curcumina/farmacología , Dinoprost/análogos & derivados , Dinoprost/antagonistas & inhibidores , Eimeria/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/tratamiento farmacológico , Alimentación Animal , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Pollos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Pollos/parasitología , Coccidiosis/metabolismo , Coccidiosis/parasitología , Coccidiosis/veterinaria , Suplementos Dietéticos , Dinoprost/metabolismo , Eimeria/crecimiento & desarrollo , Eimeria/patogenicidad , Inflamación , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/parasitología , Masculino , Oocistos/efectos de los fármacos , Oocistos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Oocistos/patogenicidad , Estrés Oxidativo , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/metabolismo , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/parasitología , Organismos Libres de Patógenos Específicos

RESUMEN

Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) strains were isolated at 39.5 °C to rule out temperature-sensitive strains (ts+) and identified using random amplification of polymorphic DNA. Then, their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC100) were calculated in isolated strains from broiler breeders and laying hens vaccinated with ts+ MS-H and ts+ MG TS-11 vaccines in Mexico. We sampled 631 lots of hens. A total of 28 of the 123 MS isolates and 12 of the 23 MG isolates were analyzed using random amplification of polymorphic DNA, of which 24 and 3 matched the DNA banding patterns of the MS-H and MG-F strains, respectively. The isolated MS and MG strains were sensitive to tiamulin and tylosin and showed intermediate sensitivity or resistance to lincomycin, florfenicol, erythromycin, enrofloxacin, and curcumin. Although both the MS and MG strains were sensitive to the same antibiotics (MIC100 lower than 1 mg mL-1), the MG strains were 5 to 10 times more sensitive than the MS strains. MS is the most frequently isolated mycoplasma in Mexican poultry production. The MS vaccine used (ts+ MS-H) could reverse its thermosensitivity and therefore could regain its virulence. MS was less sensitive to tiamulin and tylosin compared to MG.

RESUMEN

This study's objective was to evaluate the effect of the fermented soybean meal (FSBM) on Salmonella typhimurium (ST) to turkey poults using two models of infection. In the prophylactic model, one-day-old turkeys were randomly allocated to one of four different groups (n = 30 turkeys/group): (1) Control group, (2) FSBM group, (3) Control group challenged with ST (Control + ST), and (4) FSBM group challenged with ST (FSBM + ST). On day 9 of age, all poults were orally challenged with 106 colony forming units (CFU) ST and 24 h post-inoculation, intestinal samples were collected to determine ST recovery and morphometric analysis. Blood samples were collected to evaluate serum fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-d). In the therapeutic model, a similar experimental design was used, but turkeys were orally gavaged 104 CFU ST on day 1, and samples were collected at day 7. FSBM improved performance and reduced leaky gut in both experimental infective models. In the prophylactic model, FSBB induced morphology changes in the mucosa. Although the strains (Lactobacillus salivarius and Bacillus licheniformis) used for the fermentation process showed in vitro activity against ST, no significant effect was observed in vivo. The fermentation with different beneficial bacteria and different inclusion rates of FSBM requires further investigation.