RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To provide a best estimate of the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among detained male adolescents, with particular emphasis on impairment, multi-informant assessment, and race or ethnicity. METHOD: Computer-assisted searches were executed to identify relevant studies. RESULTS: Fifteen studies using adolescents as informants met inclusion criteria (n = 3401), of which only 2 reported within a subsample on parent-derived diagnoses. The mean prevalence of any disorder was 69.9% (95% CI 69.5% to 70.3%); with conduct disorder occurring most frequently (46.4%, 95% CI 45.6% to 47.3%), followed by substance use disorder (45.1%, 95% CI 44.6% to 45.5%), oppositional defiant disorder (19.8%, 95% CI 19.2% to 20.3%), and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (13.5%, 95% CI 13.2% to 13.9%). Although lower, rates for internalizing disorders were still substantial, with any anxiety disorder found in 15.9% (95% CI 15.6% to 16.1%), major depression in 12.0% (95% CI 11.7% to 12.2%), and posttraumatic stress disorder in 9.6% (95% CI 9.2% to 10.0%). Three studies reported on psychotic disorders, finding low rates (1.35%, 95% CI 1.32% to 1.39%). Estimates of prevalence were only marginally different when impairment was not required, while consistency between adolescents and parents was poor. Findings on the relations between race or ethnicity were too scarce and inconsistent to interpret. CONCLUSION: Detained male adolescents bear substantial mental health needs, emphasizing the need to organize effective mental health services for this troubled group. However, our knowledge on mental disorders in detained youth should be enhanced, in particular regarding the reliability of adolescents, compared with parent report, and whether clinically relevant differences exist by race or ethnicity.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos Mentales , Prisioneros/psicología , Adolescente , Etnicidad , Humanos , Delincuencia Juvenil/psicología , Masculino , Trastornos Mentales/diagnóstico , Trastornos Mentales/etnología , Trastornos Mentales/psicología , Servicios de Salud Mental , Padres , Prevalencia , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Grupos RacialesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: High rates of psychotic experiences among detained adolescents have been reported. However, the significance of psychotic experiences in detained juveniles is still poorly understood. The current study, therefore, (1) examines whether psychotic experiences could be explained by substance use and/or traumatic experiences, and (2) investigates this objective without taking into account the frequently occurring paranoia-related symptoms that may not be psychosis-related in detained minors. METHOD: Data were derived from 231 detained adolescents. By means of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, psychotic experiences, life-threatening events and substance use were assessed while the Child Traumatic Questionnaire was used for a history of abuse and neglect. RESULTS: In univariate logistic regression analyses, having psychotic experiences was positively associated with substance-related (e.g. past year intense marihuana use) and trauma-related (e.g. emotional abuse) variables. However, without taken paranoia-related experiences into account, different associations between psychotic experiences and substance-related and/or trauma-related variables were found. After building best fitting models, logistic regression analyses demonstrated a preponderance of trauma-related over substance-related variables in predicting the number of psychotic experiences (i.e. 0, 1-2, >2). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that psychotic experiences in detained adolescents may be explained by trauma and substance use. In addition, paranoia-related experiences seemed to be particularly associated with emotional abuse.
Asunto(s)
Maltrato a los Niños/psicología , Delincuencia Juvenil/psicología , Trastornos Psicóticos/etiología , Trastornos Psicóticos/psicología , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/complicaciones , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/psicología , Adolescente , Niño , Maltrato a los Niños/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Dual (Psiquiatría)/psicología , Humanos , Masculino , Prisioneros/psicología , Trastornos Psicóticos/diagnóstico , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/diagnóstico , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Heridas y Lesiones/complicaciones , Heridas y Lesiones/psicologíaRESUMEN
There is some debate about whether or not sex offenders are similar to non-sex offenders with regard to family background (parental characteristics), personality, and psychopathology. The central aim of this study focused on the comparison of juvenile sex offenders and non-sex offenders. The sample consisted of incarcerated juvenile male sex (n = 30) and non-sex (n = 368) offenders. It appeared that sex offenders resembled non-sex offenders with respect to most of the offender and parental characteristics. Results demonstrated some differences between both groups, while the majority of characteristics were similar. Limitations of the study are discussed, especially the low number of sex offenders, followed by suggestions for further research.
Asunto(s)
Conducta del Adolescente/psicología , Delincuencia Juvenil/psicología , Relaciones Padres-Hijo , Determinación de la Personalidad , Prisioneros/psicología , Delitos Sexuales/psicología , Adolescente , Trastorno de Personalidad Antisocial/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Países Bajos , Valores de Referencia , Proyectos de Investigación , Factores de Riesgo , Factores SocioeconómicosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: In a recent review, the prevalence of comorbid psychiatric disorders in non-treated adolescents and young adults with substance use disorders (SUD) in the general population was summarized. This review looks into the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity in adolescents and young adults treated for SUD. METHOD: A computerized literature search was conducted resulting in ten eligible studies. RESULTS: The prevalence of comorbid psychiatric disorders varied from 61% to 88%. Externalizing disorders, especially Conduct Disorder (CD), were most consistently linked to SUD in treatment seeking adolescents. Girls are distinguished by their high rate of comorbid internalizing disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Comparison with data from community and juvenile justice studies shows an ascending trend of comorbidity rates of externalizing disorders from community to clinical and finally to juvenile justice samples. It seems that young addicts with comorbid disorders are at high risk of ending up in the juvenile justice system.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Comorbilidad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
This study investigated the prevalence of psychotic symptoms among incarcerated boys as well as the relationship between these symptoms and violent offending and criminal recidivism. The presence of psychotic symptoms was assessed in a representative sample of 204 incarcerated boys aged 12-18 using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC-2.3). Seventy-two percent of the study participants had committed a violent index offense and 30 percent were criminal recidivists. Thirty-four percent (95% confidence interval [CI]: 27-41%) were DISC-2.3 psychosis screen positive: 25% (95% CI: 19-31%) reported at least one pathognomonic of schizophrenia symptom and 9% (95% CI: 6-14%) reported at least three non-pathognomonic psychotic symptoms. In addition, 33 percent (95% CI: 26-40%) reported one or two isolated, atypical psychotic symptoms. The presence of psychotic symptoms was not associated with violent offending or criminal recidivism. The high prevalence rate of psychotic symptoms among incarcerated boys calls for increased attention to diagnosis and treatment of psychosis. To obtain conclusive answers regarding the relationship between psychosis and violent offending, additional studies are needed in general population samples.
Asunto(s)
Conducta del Adolescente , Crimen , Prisioneros/psicología , Trastornos Psicóticos/epidemiología , Violencia/psicología , Adolescente , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Humanos , Masculino , Países Bajos , Prevalencia , Trastornos Psicóticos/psicología , RecurrenciaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among incarcerated male adolescents and to investigate the influence of psychopathology on allocation to either plain detention or detention with compulsory treatment. METHOD: A cross-sectional study of a representative sample (N = 204) of incarcerated boys aged 12 to 18, using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC). Data were collected from December 1998 to December 1999. RESULTS: Of the eligible subjects, 79% agreed to participate. Ninety percent reported at least one psychiatric disorder: disruptive behavior disorder 75% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 68-81%), substance use disorder 55% (95% CI: 48-63%), psychotic symptoms 34% (95% CI: 27-41%), ADHD 8% (95% CI: 5-13%), anxiety disorder 9% (95% CI: 6-15%), and affective disorder 6% (95% CI: 3-10%). After controlling for a broad range of sociodemographic characteristics and former treatment parameters, the presence of a psychiatric disorder was not associated with allocation to compulsory treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with North American studies, relatively low rates of anxiety and affective disorders were found, probably due to the better availability of mental health services to disadvantaged youths with internalizing problems in the Netherlands. It should be examined whether standardized psychiatric assessments can improve the efficiency of allocation to detention programs with or without psychiatric treatment options.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Prisioneros/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Niño , Comorbilidad , Humanos , Delincuencia Juvenil , Masculino , Trastornos Mentales/psicología , Países Bajos/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Prisioneros/psicología , Prisiones , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of substance use and substance use disorders (SUDs) among incarcerated boys, and comorbidity patterns and the relationship between SUDs and violent offending and criminal recidivism. The presence of SUDs and other psychiatric disorders was assessed in a representative sample of 204 incarcerated boys aged 12 to 18 years using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC). Ninety-two percent had used alcohol, 86% had used cannabis, and 33% had used other substances. The 6-month prevalence of SUDs was 55%, and 22% reported polysubstance abuse or dependence. SUDs were positively associated with comorbid externalizing and psychotic disorders. Substance dependence was negatively associated with violent offending but not with criminal recidivism. These high prevalence rates call for more attention to diagnosis and management of SUDs among incarcerated male adolescents. The negative association between substance dependence and the violent nature of the index offense needs further investigation.