RESUMEN

Wastewater treatment is one of the crucial functions of industrial parks as wastewater from industrial facilities usually contains toxic compounds that can cause damage to the environment. To control their environmental loads, industrial parks make investment decisions for wastewater treatment plants. For this, they need to consider technical and economic factors as well as future growth projections as substantial construction and operational costs of wastewater treatment plants have to be shared by all companies in an industrial park. In this paper, we consider the long-term capacity planning problem for wastewater treatment facilities of a stochastically growing industrial park. By explicitly modeling randomness in the arrival of new tenants and their random wastewater discharges, our model calculates the future mean and variance of wastewater flow in the industrial park. Mean and variance are used in a Mixed Integer Programming Model to optimize wastewater treatment plant selection over a long planning horizon (30 years). By fitting our first model to empirical data from an industrial park in Turkey, we find that considering the variance of wastewater load is critical for long-term planning. Also, we quantify the economic significance of lowering wastewater discharges which can be achieved by water recycling or interplant water exchange.

RESUMEN

AIMS: Research demonstrates elevated levels of common mental disorders among Syrian refugees, but the majority of studies have, to date, focused on adult populations. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Syrian children and adolescents living in Sultanbeyli district of Istanbul, Turkey. METHODS: A population-based survey among Syrian children and adolescents aged 8-17 years living in Sultanbeyli district was conducted in 2019, as part of an all-age survey of disability. 80 clusters of 50 participants (all-ages) were selected from the local municipality's refugee registration database using probability proportionate to size sampling. Children aged 8-17 years were assessed for symptoms of common mental disorders using the Child Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-8) and abbreviated versions of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC) and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED). RESULTS: Of the 852 participants, 23.7% (95% CI 19.9-27.2) screened positive for symptomatic depression, PTSD and anxiety. The prevalence estimates for depression, PTSD and anxiety were 12.5% (95% CI 9.8-15.6), 11.5% (95% CI 9.1-14.4) and 9.2% (95% CI 6.8-12.1), respectively. Depression and PTSD were significantly more common in older adolescents, whilst anxiety and PTSD were significantly more common in girls. Depression was more common in children from poorer households and those who had received no education. Children coming from larger households were less likely to show symptoms of PTSD. CONCLUSIONS: Syrian refugee children and adolescents are vulnerable to common mental disorders, and culturally appropriate prevention and intervention support are needed for this population.

Asunto(s)

Ansiedad/epidemiología , Depresión/epidemiología , Refugiados/psicología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/epidemiología , Adolescente , Ansiedad/etnología , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Depresión/etnología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Vigilancia de la Población , Prevalencia , Refugiados/estadística & datos numéricos , Resiliencia Psicológica , Factores Socioeconómicos , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/etnología , Siria/etnología , Turquía/epidemiología

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT The present study was conducted using 6 to 8 month old New Zealand white male rabbits (nine rabbits per treatment group). Daily gavages of 3, 1.5, 0.75, or 0 mg endosulfan/kg BW in corn oil resulted in the death of five (55%), three (33%), zero (0%), and zero (0%) rabbits, respectively, in 30 days. All rabbits were monitored for any observable toxic symptoms throughout the experimental period (30 d) and they also were weighed weekly to monitor body weight gain. All deaths occurred within the first 3 weeks and nervous symptoms were observed only for a few minutes before death. Alterations recorded in hematological parameters within the groups (hemoglobin, packed cell volume, and total erythrocyte count) were due to endosulfan exposure. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were significantly elevated in the 3 mg/kg dose group. Gross post-mortem and histopathological changes in various organs (lung, liver, kidney, and testes) of rabbits treated with endosulfan were observed with typical organochlorine dose-dependent signs of toxicity. Although some animals appeared to adjust to relatively high daily doses of endosulfan for 30 days, biochemical and histological evidence indicated varied liver and kidney damage relative to dosage administered to these animals. The current subacute (30 day) study suggested a NOAEL of 0.75 mg endosulfan/kg in New Zealand white rabbits.