RESUMEN
Periampullary neoplasms are rapidly progressive tumors with a poor prognosis and high morbidity and mortality rates, which have a negative influence on patient outcomes. Some probiotics and prebiotics have the ability to protect the intestinal barrier and prevent bacterial translocation, infection, and postoperative complications. We evaluated the use of synbiotics in a prospective, double-blind study of patients undergoing surgery for periampullary neoplasms (PNs) and assessed the effect of these agents on nutritional status, postoperative complications, antibiotic use, length of hospital stay, and mortality. Patients were randomized to receive probiotics and prebiotics-synbiotics--group S [Lactobacillus acidophilus 10, 1 × 10(9)CFU, Lactobacillus rhamnosus HS 111, 1 × 10(9) CFU, Lactobacillus casei 10, 1 × 10(9) CFU, Bifidobacterium bifidum, 1 × 10(9)CFU, and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) 100 mg]--or placebo-controls--group C, twice daily, for a total of 14 days. Risk, clinical status, and postoperative complication rates were assessed. Twenty-three patients were allocated to each group. The incidence of postoperative infection was significantly lower in group S (6 of 23 patients, 26.1%) than in group C (16 of 23 patients, 69.6%) (P = 0.00). Duration of antibiotic therapy was also shorter in group S (mean = 9 days vs. 15 days in group C; P = 0.01). Noninfectious complications were less common in group S (6 of 23 vs. 14 of 23 patients in group C; P = 0.03). Mean length of hospital stay was 12 ± 5 days in group S vs. 23 ± 14 days in group C (P = 0.00). No deaths occurred in group S, whereas 6 deaths occurred in group C (P = 0.02). Perioperative administration of synbiotics reduces postoperative mortality and complication rates in patients undergoing surgery for PNs.
Asunto(s)
Ampolla Hepatopancreática , Neoplasias del Conducto Colédoco/cirugía , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & control , Simbióticos/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Periodo PerioperatorioRESUMEN
From 1977 to July 2002, 1,376 renal transplants were performed at Santa Casa of Porto Alegre. The number of transplants and the patient and graft survival rates have been rising each year since 1987. The overall one-year graft survival rates were 90% for living donor recipients and 80% for cadaver donor recipients, respectively; however, the patient and graft survival rates increased significantly between the early (1977-1995) and more recent (1996-2002) periods. Pediatric patients (less than 18 years old) accounted for 15.8% of the transplants that were performed, most of them from living related donors. The patient and graft survival rates did not differ statistically when we compared recipients of transplants from "ideal" and marginal cadaver donors, even when we considered only those risk factors that affected graft function in assigning a marginal donor. During the 25-year observation period, 537 grafts have been lost (39%), including those patients who died with functioning graft. We are currently following 834 patients with a functioning graft, with an average follow-up of 67+54 months.
Asunto(s)
Supervivencia de Injerto/fisiología , Trasplante de Riñón/estadística & datos numéricos , Análisis Actuarial , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Cadáver , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Trasplante de Riñón/mortalidad , Trasplante de Riñón/fisiología , Donadores Vivos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tasa de Supervivencia , Factores de Tiempo , Donantes de TejidosRESUMEN
É apresentada a experiência do Serviço de Nefrologia da Santa Casa de Porto Alegre com o Transplante Simultâneo de Rim e Pâncreas (TxSRP) em diabéticos insulino-dependentes urêmicos. Entre agosto de 1987 e fevereiro de 1996 foram realizados nove TxSRP. A sobrevida do paciente do rim e do pâncreas foi de 88,9 por cento, 77,8 por cento e 76,2 por cento no primeiro ano e de 63,4 por cento, 51,8 por cento e 50,7 por cento no terceiro ano. Ocorreram quatro óbitos. Foram perdidos um enxerto renal e um pancreático. Ao final da observaçäo, cinco pacientes estavam vivos com enxerto renal funcionante e quatro com funçäo pancreática normal. O TxSRP pode, em determinadas situaçöes, ser uma alternativa para o tratamento de diabéticos insulino-dependentes urêmicos necessitando de transplante renal.