RESUMEN

The spatial variability and behavioural aspects of compost-bedded pack barns remain unknown in subtropical regions. In this study, we investigated whether spatial variability occurs in the thermal environment of a compost barn and how the behaviour of dairy cows with different numbers of lactations differs in this system. The spatial sampling design comprised a grid of 108 locations inside the facility. At each location, we measured air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and bed temperature at 9:00, 12:00, and 15:00. We performed 24-h behavioural observations. Regarding spatial variability, the north face showed high air temperature values, and the distribution of relative humidity varied from the north to the south face. Kriging maps revealed a high bedding temperature trend, indicating heterogeneous ventilation management. Primiparous cows visited the water trough during the hottest hours of the day, whereas multiparous cows displayed a higher probability of walking during these periods. In conclusion, we observed a heterogeneous management of ventilation through the spatial distribution of the thermal environment inside the compost-bedded pack barn, with multiparous cows exhibiting dominance over primiparous cows seeking environmental resources.

RESUMEN

O uso de sementes de alta qualidade reflete diretamente sobre o resultado final do plantio, estabelecimento da cultura e produtividade. A velocidade de entrada de água nas sementes e a temperatura são fatores cruciais no processo germinativo. Por isso, objetivou-se quantificar o ganho de água de sementes de milho submetidas a matricondicionamento sob quatro temperaturas (10; 15; 20 e 25 °C), bem como, avaliar a qualidade fisiológica destas sementes em função da pré-hidratação controlada. Foram usadas sementes C1, sem tratamento químico, de dois lotes do híbrido de milho 30F53YH. A curva do teor de água foi determinada a partir de oito repetições de duzentas sementes via análise de regressão da porcentagem de teor de água em função dos intervalos de tempo de, 2; 4; 6; 10; 14; 18 e; 24 horas de embebição. Em sequência, vários testes foram realizados para identificar a qualidade fisiológica das sementes. Ao final das 24 horas de avaliação, ambos os lotes apresentaram maior porcentagem de umidade quando matricondicionadas à temperatura de 25°C. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de milho foi afetada pela hidratação controlada e que as maiores temperaturas de embebição proporcionam a expressão de maior vigor nas plântulas e inferindo que a técnica de matricondicionamento se mostrou eficaz para realizar o condicionamento osmótico de sementes...

The use of high quality seeds reflects directly on crop establishment and productivity. The speed of seed water intake, as well as, temperature during this process is the main factor to have success during germination. The objective of this study was quantifying water uptake from corn seeds during matriconditioning under four temperatures (10, 15, 20 and 25 °C) and seeds without treatment (control) also evaluate physiological quality of those. C1 seed, without chemical treatment, from two different lots of 30F53YH hybrid corn was used. The water content curve was determined from eight replication, of two hundred seeds each, by weighing in intervals of 2; 4; 6; 10; 14; 18; and 24 hours of soaking. In sequence various tests aiming identify physiological seeds quality was developed. With 24-hour evaluation, both group of seeds had higher moisture content when matriconditioned at 25°C. The results allowed concluding that the physiological quality of corn seeds was affected by matriconditioning and the higher imbibition temperatures provided the expression of greater vigor in corn seedlings, being useful for this specie.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

O uso de sementes de alta qualidade reflete diretamente sobre o resultado final do plantio, estabelecimento da cultura e produtividade. A velocidade de entrada de água nas sementes e a temperatura são fatores cruciais no processo germinativo. Por isso, objetivou-se quantificar o ganho de água de sementes de milho submetidas a matricondicionamento sob quatro temperaturas (10; 15; 20 e 25 °C), bem como, avaliar a qualidade fisiológica destas sementes em função da pré-hidratação controlada. Foram usadas sementes C1, sem tratamento químico, de dois lotes do híbrido de milho 30F53YH. A curva do teor de água foi determinada a partir de oito repetições de duzentas sementes via análise de regressão da porcentagem de teor de água em função dos intervalos de tempo de, 2; 4; 6; 10; 14; 18 e; 24 horas de embebição. Em sequência, vários testes foram realizados para identificar a qualidade fisiológica das sementes. Ao final das 24 horas de avaliação, ambos os lotes apresentaram maior porcentagem de umidade quando matricondicionadas à temperatura de 25°C. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de milho foi afetada pela hidratação controlada e que as maiores temperaturas de embebição proporcionam a expressão de maior vigor nas plântulas e inferindo que a técnica de matricondicionamento se mostrou eficaz para realizar o condicionamento osmótico de sementes...(AU)

The use of high quality seeds reflects directly on crop establishment and productivity. The speed of seed water intake, as well as, temperature during this process is the main factor to have success during germination. The objective of this study was quantifying water uptake from corn seeds during matriconditioning under four temperatures (10, 15, 20 and 25 °C) and seeds without treatment (control) also evaluate physiological quality of those. C1 seed, without chemical treatment, from two different lots of 30F53YH hybrid corn was used. The water content curve was determined from eight replication, of two hundred seeds each, by weighing in intervals of 2; 4; 6; 10; 14; 18; and 24 hours of soaking. In sequence various tests aiming identify physiological seeds quality was developed. With 24-hour evaluation, both group of seeds had higher moisture content when matriconditioned at 25°C. The results allowed concluding that the physiological quality of corn seeds was affected by matriconditioning and the higher imbibition temperatures provided the expression of greater vigor in corn seedlings, being useful for this specie.(AU)

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RESUMEN

This study was performed to determine and quantify the inherent auction factors that affect the selling price of beef calves (weanlings - from six to nine months old). Data on the selling price, location and month of the auction, genetic group, lot size live weight, and sex of animals were collected in 148 auctions from January 2004 to December 2014. A total of 4,312 lots corresponding to 48,588 calves were classified into seven genetic groups according to their phenotypic characteristics. The values were deflated using the General Price index (IGP-DI) inflation index and met the parametric assumptions. The selling price was standardized by the yearly median, assuming that its value corresponds to 100%, and the other values varied in their function. Path analysis quantified the direct and indirect effects of the variables taken as explanatory of the selling price, followed by regression analysis and Tukey test. Overall, the direct effect of the average weight was the highest (0.7), followed by sex (0.38). The smallest direct effect was the genetic group (−0.075). There was a growing exponential relationship between average weight of the lot and selling price and a decreasing ratio between price per kilo and the average weight of the lot (−0.0003 percentage points per kilogram). Males were generally 15.7% more valued than females. The British × Zebuine crossbreed was the most valued breed, followed by the British breed (8.9 and 3.6%, respectively). The highest premium was in November, followed by February (9.57 and 8.84%, respectively, compared with median year). The selling price increases linearly by 0.3284 percentage points for each additional animal in the lot. The average weight of the lot was found to be the most important variable in the formation of the selling price, followed by the sex of the animals.(AU)

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RESUMEN

The study of monthly rainfall probabilities is of great importance due to the increasing occurrences of extreme events in different regions of Brazil. However, the rainfall distribution at the southwest region of Paraná State, Brazil, is still unknown. Thus, the aim of this work is to assess the probabilistic distribution of rainfall frequency at Dois Vizinhos, in the southwest of Paraná State, Brazil. A probabilistic analysis was performed using a historic 40-year rainfall dataset (1973-2012). The gamma, Weibull, normal log, and normal probability distributions were compared. The distribution adherence was performed through Akaike Information Criterion, and the R statistical software was used for estimation. The results showed that the gamma and Weibull distributions were most suitable for probabilistic fitting. Based on this, the average annual rainfall for Dois Vizinhos (PR) was found to be 2,010.6 mm. Moreover, we found that throughout the year, October has the highest rainfall occurrence probability, with an 86% rainfall probability of above 150 mm and 64% rainfall probability above 200 mm.

O estudo de probabilidades mensais de precipitação pluvial torna-se importante em virtude do aumento de ocorrências de eventos extremos em diversas regiões do país. Entretanto, poucas informações são conhecidas a respeito da distribuição de chuva na região do sudoeste do Paraná. Com base no exposto objetivou-se por meio desta pesquisa analisar a distribuição probabilística mensal da precipitação pluvial na região de Dois Vizinhos, sudoeste do estado do Paraná. Analisou-se a série histórica de precipitação pluvial de 40 anos (1973-2012). Foram comparadas as seguintes distribuições de probabilidade: gama, Weibull, log normal e normal. A aderência das distribuições aos dados pluviométricos da região foi verificada através do critério de Akaike (AIC). As análises foram realizadas utilizando o software estatístico R. Por meio dos resultados observou-se que as distribuições de gama e Weibull foram as mais adequadas em termos de ajustes probabilísticos. Com base nas distribuições, a média anual de chuva na região de Dois Vizinhos é de 2.010,6 mm e o mês de outubro registra a maior probabilidade de ocorrência de precipitação, sendo 86% de probabilidade de chuvas acima de 150 mm e 64% acima de 200 mm.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The study of monthly rainfall probabilities is of great importance due to the increasing occurrences of extreme events in different regions of Brazil. However, the rainfall distribution at the southwest region of Paraná State, Brazil, is still unknown. Thus, the aim of this work is to assess the probabilistic distribution of rainfall frequency at Dois Vizinhos, in the southwest of Paraná State, Brazil. A probabilistic analysis was performed using a historic 40-year rainfall dataset (1973-2012). The gamma, Weibull, normal log, and normal probability distributions were compared. The distribution adherence was performed through Akaike Information Criterion, and the R statistical software was used for estimation. The results showed that the gamma and Weibull distributions were most suitable for probabilistic fitting. Based on this, the average annual rainfall for Dois Vizinhos (PR) was found to be 2,010.6 mm. Moreover, we found that throughout the year, October has the highest rainfall occurrence probability, with an 86% rainfall probability of above 150 mm and 64% rainfall probability above 200 mm.(AU)

O estudo de probabilidades mensais de precipitação pluvial torna-se importante em virtude do aumento de ocorrências de eventos extremos em diversas regiões do país. Entretanto, poucas informações são conhecidas a respeito da distribuição de chuva na região do sudoeste do Paraná. Com base no exposto objetivou-se por meio desta pesquisa analisar a distribuição probabilística mensal da precipitação pluvial na região de Dois Vizinhos, sudoeste do estado do Paraná. Analisou-se a série histórica de precipitação pluvial de 40 anos (1973-2012). Foram comparadas as seguintes distribuições de probabilidade: gama, Weibull, log normal e normal. A aderência das distribuições aos dados pluviométricos da região foi verificada através do critério de Akaike (AIC). As análises foram realizadas utilizando o software estatístico R. Por meio dos resultados observou-se que as distribuições de gama e Weibull foram as mais adequadas em termos de ajustes probabilísticos. Com base nas distribuições, a média anual de chuva na região de Dois Vizinhos é de 2.010,6 mm e o mês de outubro registra a maior probabilidade de ocorrência de precipitação, sendo 86% de probabilidade de chuvas acima de 150 mm e 64% acima de 200 mm.(AU)

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