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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Despite that incorporating antiangiogenic in combination with immune-checkpoint inhibitors as the standard first-line treatment for advanced clear cell renal cell cancer (ccRCC) yields promising outcomes, these regimens often lead to significant toxicity. However, a subgroup of patients has shown responsiveness to VEGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in monotherapy, leading to the question of whether employing combination therapies can significantly enhance overall survival in all patients over monotherapy. Thus, we aim to identify gene expression signatures that can predict TKI response within subpopulations that might benefit from single-agent therapies, to minimize unnecessary exposure to combination therapies and their associated toxicities, as well as to discover new potential therapeutic targets to improve ccRCC treatment. Based on prior data, the androgen receptor (AR) might meet both conditions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We evaluated the association between AR expression, assessed through NanoString® technology-derived mRNA counts, and the clinical outcomes of 98 ccRCC patients treated with first-line antiangiogenics and determined its association with other genes implicated in ccRCC tumorigenesis. RESULTS: Higher AR-expression correlates significantly with better prognosis and survival based on the MSKCC risk score, and longer PFS. Furthermore, we have identified a gene set signature associated with AR-overexpression and several genes involved in angiogenesis and transcriptional targets of the hypoxia-inducible factor, a cornerstone of ccRCC. CONCLUSIONS: AR-overexpression and its association with other genes could favor a transcriptomic signature set to aid in identifying patients suitable for TKI in monotherapy, rather than aggressive combinations, enhancing thus, precision and personalized therapeutic decisions.

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Introduction: Integrating genetic data into conservation management decisions is a challenging task that requires strong partnerships between researchers and managers. Conservation in Latin America is of crucial relevance worldwide given the high biodiversity levels and the presence of hotspots in this region. Methods: We conducted a survey across Latin America to identify gaps and opportunities between genetic researchers and conservation managers. We aimed to better understand conservation managers' points of view and how genetic research could help conservation practitioners to achieve their goals, by implementing genetic assessments that could effectively inform conservation practices. We distributed an online survey via four regional collaborating organizations and 32 focal points based in 20 Latin American countries. The target respondents were conservation managers of species or areas in Latin America. Results: We collected a total of 468 answered questionnaires from 21 Latin American countries. Most respondents (44%) were from an academic or research institution while non-academics were mainly from non-governmental institutions (30%) and government agencies (25%). Most respondents (65%) have performed or used genetic assessments in their managed area or species, either alone, in partnership, contracting someone else or using published results. For the majority of this group, the genetic results were relevant to their conservation management goals, helping to inform management decisions. Respondents that had not performed genetic assessments (35%) were mainly from the non-academic group, and their main barriers were limited access to funds, genetic lab facilities, and trained personnel to design studies and conduct lab work. Discussion: From the findings, we describe the current situation and provide a general diagnosis of the conservation-genetics gap in Latin America. We describe the gender gap, academic-practitioner co-development of conservation questions and projects, and the nationality and residency of Latin American conservation managers in relation to the countries where they work. We discuss opportunities to co-create research questions and co-develop studies based on conservation practitioners' needs. We offer recommendations for overcoming barriers to integrate genetic information into conservation actions, and advance agendas that fit the needs and realities of the highly heterogeneous, biodiverse and challenging Latin American region.

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Resumen Objetivo: Analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala de resiliencia de Wagnild y Young, versión argentina, en un grupo de personas adultas mayores costarricenses. Materiales y métodos: Se contó con un grupo piloto (N = 40, X = 69.38) y otro para el análisis de las propiedades psicométricas (N = 100, X = 69.31). Se utilizó la escala de resiliencia de Wagnild y Young, versión argentina, de 25 ítems. Se efectuó un análisis por juicio de personas expertas y un estudio piloto, para establecer la escala por validar; posterior a esto, se realizó el estudio de validación completo. Se aplicaron análisis factoriales y alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: El análisis factorial extrajo dos factores denominados: a) "capacidad de autoeficacia" y b) "capacidad de propósito y sentido de vida". La consistencia interna en el nivel global fue 0.84 (21 ítems); para el primer factor, 0.81, y para el segundo factor, 0.74. Conclusiones: El instrumento es confiable y válido para valorar los niveles de resiliencia desde una óptica integral e interdisciplinaria, en una población de personas adultas mayores con las características similares a las de la muestra estudiada. A futuro, se recomienda realizar análisis cualitativos para delimitar mejor los constructos, con base en las características de la población.

Abstract Purpose: To analyze the psychometric characteristics of the Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale Argentine version in a Costa Rican elderly group. Materials and methods: The study had two groups, one for the pilot study (N = 40, X = 69.38), and another for the analysis of the psychometric properties (N = 100, X = 69.31). The 25-item Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale, Argentine version, was used. An analysis by expert judgment and a pilot study were carried out to establish the scale to be validated, after which, the complete validation study was carried out. Factor analyzes and Cronbach's alpha were applied. Results: They were obtained two factors named: a) "selfefficacy capacity", and b) "purpose in life capacity". The global internal consistency was 0.84, for the first factor was 0.81 and for the second factor was 0.74. Conclusions: The scale generated is reliable and valid to assess resilience in an elderly people with similar characteristics to the present study. In the future, it is recommended to carry out qualitative analyzes to better define the constructs based on the characteristics of the population.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar as propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Resiliência Wagnild e Young, versão argentina, em um grupo de pessoas idosas costarriquenhas. Materiais e métodos: Um grupo piloto (N = 40, X = 69,38) e outro grupo para a análise das propriedades psicométricas (N = 100, X = 69,31) foram utilizados. A Escala de Resiliência Wagnild e Young, versão argentina, com 25 itens, foi utilizada. Para estabelecer a escala a ser validada, foi realizada uma análise de julgamento por especialistas e um estudo piloto, após o qual foi realizado o estudo de validação completo. A análise fatorial e o alfa de Cronbach foram aplicados. Resultados: A análise fatorial extraiu dois fatores: a) "capacidade de autoeficácia" e b) "capacidade de propósito e significado na vida". A consistência interna ao nível global foi de 0,84 (21 itens); para o primeiro fator foi de 0,81 e para o segundo fator foi de 0,74. Conclusões: O instrumento é confiável e válido para avaliar níveis de resiliência a partir de uma perspectiva holística e interdisciplinar em uma população de idosos com características semelhantes às da amostra estudada. Recomendam-se futuras análises qualitativas para melhor delimitar as construções com base nas características da população.

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Resumen: El propósito de este artículo es compartir la discusión sobre el papel fundamental de los elementos constitutivos de la voz en los procesos de diagnóstico y propues tas terapéuticas relacionadas con el TEA. Elementos encontrados en el estudio "Desarrollo de protocolo clínico para el diagnóstico temprano del autismo" (Villalobos y Pacca, 2020). Los casos, Vera y Saul, se retoman para ilustrar el lugar que tiene la voz y la palabra en el desarrollo intersubjetivo. A partir de estos casos se eviden cian los alcances y limitaciones que tienen algunas pruebas para el diagnóstico del TEA al momento de evaluar indicadores comunicativos. Dado que la voz y la palabra llevan la impronta de la subjetividad de cada persona, considerar su análi sis se hace relevante en el diagnóstico comprensivo de TEA, pues complementa la observación diagnóstica propuesta desde las principales pruebas mundialmente reconocidas para esta problemática del desarrollo, como por ejemplo ADOS-2.

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to share the discussion on the fundamental role of the constitutive elements of the voice in the diagnostic processes and thera peutic proposals related to ASD. Elements found in the study "Development of clinical protocol for early diagnosis of autism" (Villalobos & Pacca, 2021). The cases, Vera & Saul, are taken up again to illustrate the place of voice and speech in intersubjective development. From these cases, the scope and limitations of some tests for the diagnosis of ASD when evaluating communicative indicators become evident. Given that voice and speech bear the imprint of each person's subjectivity, considering their analysis becomes relevant in the comprehensive diagnosis of ASD, as it complements the diagnostic observation proposed by the main tests worldwide recognized for this developmental problem, such as -ADOS-2- Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale-2.

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To analyze deeply the concept of the transpersonal caring relationship as the core of the theory of Caring Science proposed by Jean Watson. To present a historical evolution and to introduce the Transpersonal Caritas Relationship construct. Methods. Methodological Study to support the central concept measured by the Watson Caritas patient instrument. We designed a focus group with four nursing scholars to develop the "Transpersonal Caritas Relationship" construct. We recount the history of the concept of the transpersonal caring relationship, then analyze this concept in terms of Watson's theory. We reviewed the concept with Dr. Jean Watson, presented her with the construct, and discussed our considerations. Results. This article introduces a transitional adaptation of the concept of transpersonal relationship to Caritas' transpersonal relationship.

Analizar de manera profunda el concepto de relación de cuidado transpersonal como núcleo de la teoría de la Ciencia del Cuidado propuesta por Jean Watson. Presentando la evolución histórica e introduciendo el constructo "Relación Transpersonal Caritas". Métodos. Estudio Metodológico para sustentar el concepto central medido por el instrumento paciente Watson Caritas. Se diseñó un grupo focal con cuatro académicas de enfermería para desarrollar el constructo "Relación Transpersonal Caritas". Posteriormente se narra la historia del concepto de relación de cuidado transpersonal y luego se analiza este concepto en términos de la teoría de Watson. Se presento y revisó el constructo desarrollado a la Dra. Jean Watson, por último, se discutieron las consideraciones surgidas. Resultados. Este artículo presenta una adaptación transitoria del concepto de relación transpersonal a la relación transpersonal de Caritas. La Relación Transpersonal Caritas es la base de la evolución de la enfermería Caritas, reconociendo que el cuidado mutuo afecta el campo universal al que todos pertenecemos. La conciencia y la acción de Caritas afectan el campo energético cuando la enfermera se relaciona con el otro, posibilitando despertar el corazón compasivo, que es la base de la Enfermería Cáritas Evolucionada. Amor universal y de esta manera evolucionar hacia la conciencia caritas que permite reconocer al otro con bondad amorosa en Invest Educ Enferm. 2023; 41(3): e02Mayut Delgado-Galeano • Luz Eugenia Ibáñez-AlfonsoBeatriz Villamizar Carvajal • María Mercedes Durán de Villalobosla práctica del cuidado. Este es el concepto central propuesto medido en la práctica del cuidado utilizando el Watson Caritas Patient. Conclusión. Este artículo introduce una adaptación transicional del concepto de relación transpersonal a la relación transpersonal Caritas, que es el fundamento de la Enfermería Caritas Evolucionada.

Analisar em profundidade o conceito de relação de cuidado transpessoal como cerne da teoria da Ciência do Cuidado proposta por Jean Watson. Apresentando a evolução histórica e introduzindo o construto "Relacionamento Transpessoal da Caritas". Métodos. Estudo metodológico para fundamentar o conceito central mensurado pelo instrumento de paciente Watson Caritas. Foi desenhado um grupo focal com quatro acadêmicos de enfermagem para desenvolver o construto "Relacionamento Transpessoal da Caritas". Posteriormente, é narrada a história do conceito de relação de cuidado transpessoal e este conceito é então analisado à luz da teoria de Watson. O construto desenvolvido foi apresentado e revisado à Dra. Jean Watson e, por fim, foram discutidas as considerações que surgiram. Resultados. Este artigo apresenta uma adaptação temporária do conceito de relação transpessoal para a relação transpessoal da Caritas. A Relação Transpessoal da Caritas é a base para a evolução da enfermagem da Caritas, reconhecendo que o cuidado mútuo afeta o campo universal ao qual todos pertencemos. A consciência e a ação da Caritas afetam o campo energético quando o enfermeiro se relaciona com os outros, possibilitando despertar o coração compassivo, que é a base da Caritas Evolved Nursing. Amor universal e desta forma evoluir para a consciência caritas que nos permite reconhecer o outro com bondade amorosa na prática do cuidado. Este é o conceito central proposto medido na prática assistencial por meio do Watson Caritas Patient. Conclusão. Este artigo apresenta uma adaptação transitória do conceito de relação transpessoal para a relação transpessoal da Caritas, que é a base da Caritas Evolved Nursing

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Olfaction is a complex physiological process producing effects in the central nervous system (CNS) and implicated in emotional processes. Indeed, the olfactory bulbs (OB) send projections to various CNS regions including the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and caudate-putamen (CPu). Both the NAcc and CPu receive important dopaminergic input. Emerging evidence suggests that dopamine (DA) is related to anxiety-related behaviors. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the consequences of neonatal olfactory bulbectomy (nOBX) to anxiety-related behavior as assayed in the elevated plus maze (EPM) as well as the expression of dopaminergic receptors (D1-like, D2-like, and D3) in the NAcc and CPu at pre- and post-pubertal ages in the rat. The results show that nOBX increased the number of entries in the open arm of the EPM post-pubertally, suggesting an anxiolytic-related effect. nOBX increased the D2-like binding in the NAcc shell and D3 binding in the NAcc core pre-pubertally. At post-pubertal ages, the D3 binding was reduced at the olfactory tubercle and islands of Calleja in nOBX rats. Alterations in the DA receptor expression may be one mechanism responsible for the observed behavioral modifications in nOBX rats.

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Objective: To analyze deeply the concept of the transpersonal caring relationship as the core of the theory of Caring Science proposed by Jean Watson. To present a historical evolution and to introduce the Transpersonal Caritas Relationship construct. Methods: Methodological Study to support the central concept measured by the Watson Caritas patient instrument. We designed a focus group with four nursing scholars to develop the "Transpersonal Caritas Relationship" construct. We recount the history of the concept of the transpersonal caring relationship, then analyze this concept in terms of Watson's theory. We reviewed the concept with Dr. Jean Watson, presented her with the construct, and discussed our considerations. Results: This article introduces a transitional adaptation of the concept of transpersonal relationship to Caritas' transpersonal relationship. Transpersonal Caritas Relationship is the foundation of evolved Caritas nursing, recognizing that mutual caring affects the universal field we all belong to Caritas' consciousness and action affect the energy field when the nurse relates with the other, making it possible to awaken the compassionate heart, which is the foundation of Evolved Caritas Nursing Universal love and in this way evolve to the Caritas consciousness that allows recognizing the other with loving kindness in the practice of careful. This is the proposed central concept measured in the caring approach using the Watson Caritas Patient. Conclusion: This article introduces a transitional adaptation of the concept of transpersonal relationship to the Caritas transpersonal relationship, which is the foundation of Caritas Evolved Nursing.

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Abstract The objectives of this review were: (1) to identify literature published within the last years on self-efficacy in university students; (2) describe and evaluate the employed definitions and measurements; and (3) establish the methodological coherency between the stated definitions and employed measurement scales within the respectively described domains in higher education. A systematic revision was conducted for articles published between 2007 and 2019. Empirical studies on self-efficacy in university students were included. A total of 66 articles were included. Most of the selected literature defined and measured specific domains of self-efficacy in university students. The reviewed authors defined "self-efficacy" as a set of beliefs connected to specific domains of functioning. Most of the studies presented coherency between the research objective and definition/measurement of self-efficacy. Nevertheless, a notable percentage of the studies lacked coherency, which underscored the need for further refinement and improvement in this area.

Resumen Existe controversia respecto a las definiciones generales y específicas de la autoeficacia. Por otra parte, las definiciones y los instrumentos de medida son indicadores fundamentales de la rigurosidad metodológica de una investigación y de la validez de sus resultados. Al considerar estos elementos, los objetivos de esta revisión fueron los siguientes: (1) identificar la literatura publicada entre 2007 y 2019 sobre la autoeficacia en estudiantes universitarios; (2) describir y evaluar las definiciones y los instrumentos de medida empleados; y (3) estimar la coherencia metodológica entre las definiciones explicitadas y las escalas de medición empleadas para los respectivos dominios en la educación superior. Los datos obtenidos contribuirán a definir con precisión el concepto de "autoeficacia" de acuerdo al objetivo del estudio que se pretenda realizar; fundamentar el requisito de emplear escalas de medición coherentes con los dominios específicos que se estén investigando y, por último, medir y analizar la autoeficacia percibida en dominios determinados. Se tuvo en cuenta la importancia de la noción de autoeficacia en modelos actuales de investigación, se considera que este artículo representa un aporte modesto pero sustantivo al tema. El método utilizado fue el de una revisión sistemática de artículos publicados entre 2007 y 2019 e indexados en Web of Science, SciELO o Scopus. Se incluyeron estudios empíricos sobre autoeficacia en estudiantes universitarios. Se incluyó un total de 66 artículos sobre autoeficacia en el contexto de la educación superior, de los cuales 18 emplearon una definición general y 48, dominios específicos definidos dentro de cinco áreas. De las 52 escalas de medición utilizadas, 44 aludían a dominios específicos de autoeficacia, mientras que ocho eran mediciones generales. En cuanto a la coherencia, el 31.81 % de los artículos (n = 21) presentaron una coherencia moderada entre el objetivo del estudio y la definición empleada. Además, el 18.18 % (n = 12) no presentó coherencia entre el objetivo del estudio y el instrumento de medida empleado. De esta forma, se concluyó que la mayor parte de la literatura seleccionada definió y midió dominios específicos de autoeficacia en estudiantes universitarios. Los autores revisados definieron la autoeficacia como un conjunto de creencias conectadas a dominios específicos de funcionamiento. La mayoría de los estudios presentaron coherencia entre el objetivo de la investigación, la definición y la medición de la autoeficacia. Sin embargo, un porcentaje notable de los estudios carecía de esta coherencia: más del 9 % presentaron inconsistencias entre el objetivo de la investigación y la definición de autoeficacia empleada, mientras que el 18 % evidenció incoherencia entre el objetivo de la investigación y la escala de medición empleada. Estas incoherencias disminuyen la claridad del diseño metodológico, limitan el alcance de sus resultados y la replicabilidad de la respectiva investigación. Esto, a su vez, puede impactar negativamente en el diseño de programas e iniciativas de intervención relacionados con la autoeficacia en estudiantes universitarios. Además, aunque se proporcionaron muchas definiciones específicas de contexto para la autoeficacia en estudiantes de pregrado, algunos estudios la definieron y midieron, únicamente, en un sentido general. En cuanto a los instrumentos de medición, se presentaron numerosas escalas para medir formas de autoeficacia específicas. Adicionalmente, algunos estudios buscaron medir la autoeficacia, pero luego emplearon medidas no diseñadas para este fin. Esta información obliga a enfatizar la necesidad de un mayor refinamiento y mejora metodológica en esta área. Para medir de forma válida la autoeficacia en estudiantes, se requiere conceptualizar el dominio específico y consistentemente medirlo con un instrumento coherente con este dominio.

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OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to measure the effect of auditory, tactile, visual, and vestibular (ATVV) stimulation therapy on sucking effectiveness (SE), infant-feeding mode, weight, height, and head circumference (HC) of full-term infants. METHODS: A single-blinded randomized trial with a sample of 107 mother-child dyads. Inclusion criteria were healthy first-time mothers and full-term infants with no known pathological conditions, weighing between 2500 and 4000 grams, and recommendation of exclusive or predominant breastfeeding. The mothers in the experimental group (EG) received training in ATVV stimulation therapy and provided it from birth (first 24 hours of life) until the end of the follow-ups at week 5. The control group (CG) received only standard care that included education on warning signs and basic guidance on breastfeeding. SE, infant-feeding mode, and neonatal growth were measured at weeks 2 and 5. RESULTS: In contrast to CG infants, the EG infants drank 2.02 cc more human milk in one minute of effective breastfeeding (p=0.002) at week 2 and 5.51 cc more at week 5 (p<0.0001). They showed greater adherence to breastfeeding at week 5 (p=0.025) and gained more weight: 8.35 grams/day (p=0.009) and 4.19 grams/day (p=0.008). HC did not differ between groups, and height difference was statistically significant at week 5 (p=0.025). CONCLUSIONS: ATVV stimulation therapy has a positive effect on neonatal health as it promotes effective sucking and exclusive breastfeeding, reduces weight loss, and improves neonatal growth.

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Objective. The study aimed to measure the effect of auditory, tactile, visual, and vestibular (ATVV) stimulation therapy on sucking effectiveness (SE), infant-feeding mode, weight, height, and head circumference (HC) of full-term infants. Methods. A single-blinded randomized trial with a sample of 107 mother-child dyads. Inclusion criteria were healthy first-time mothers and full-term infants with no known pathological conditions, weighing between 2500 and 4000 grams, and recommendation of exclusive or predominant breastfeeding. The mothers in the experimental group (EG) received training in ATVV stimulation therapy and provided it from birth (first 24 hours of life) until the end of the follow-ups at week 5. The control group (CG) received only standard care that included education on warning signs and basic guidance on breastfeeding. SE, infant-feeding mode, and neonatal growth were measured at weeks 2 and 5. Results. In contrast to CG infants, the EG infants drank 2.02 cc more human milk in one minute of effective breastfeeding (p=0.002) at week 2 and 5.51 cc more at week 5 (p<0.0001). They showed greater adherence to breastfeeding at week 5 (p=0.025) and gained more weight: 8.35 grams/day (p=0.009) and 4.19 grams/day (p=0.008). HC did not differ between groups, and height difference was statistically significant at week 5 (p=0.025). Conclusion: ATVV stimulation therapy has a positive effect on neonatal health as it promotes effective sucking and exclusive breastfeeding, reduces weight loss, and improves neonatal growth.

Objetivos. Medir el efecto de la terapia de estimulación auditiva, táctil, visual y vestibular en la succión eficaz, el modo de alimentación, el peso, talla y perímetro cefálico de los neonatos a término. Métodos. Ensayo aleatorizado ciego, con una muestra de 107 díadas madre-hijo. Los criterios de inclusión fueron madres primerizas sanas y bebés a término sin condiciones patológicas conocidas, con peso entre 2500 y 4000 gramos e indicación de lactancia materna exclusiva o predominante. En el grupo experimental las madres recibieron entrenamiento en la terapia de estimulación auditiva, táctil, visual y vestibular y lo aplicaron desde el nacimiento (primeras 24 horas de vida) hasta el final del seguimiento. El grupo control recibió solamente la atención estándar que incluyó la educación sobre los signos de alarma y las indicaciones básicas sobre la lactancia materna. Se midió la eficacia de la succión, el tipo de alimentación y el crecimiento neonatal en la semana 2 y la semana 5. Resultados. Los bebés del grupo experimental comparados con el grupo control bebieron 2.02 cc más leche humana en un minuto de lactancia efectiva (p=0.002) en la segunda semana y 5.51 cc más en la quinta semana (p<0.0001); las madres registraron una mayor adherencia a la lactancia a las 5 semanas (p=0.025) y los bebés ganaron más peso: 8.35 gramos/día (p=0.009) y 4.19 gramos/día (p=0.008). El perímetro cefálico no presentó diferencias entre grupos, mientras que la diferencia en la talla fue estadísticamente significativa en la semana 5 (p=0.025). Conclusión. La terapia de estimulación auditiva, táctil, visual y vestibular tiene un efecto positivo en la salud neonatal, promueve la succión eficaz, la lactancia materna exclusiva, atenúa la pérdida de peso y mejora el crecimiento neonatal.

Objetivos. Medir o efeito da terapia de estimulação auditiva, táctil, visual e vestibular na sucção eficaz, o modo de alimentação, o peso, tamanho e perímetro cefálico dos neonatos a término. Métodos. Ensaio aleatório cego, com uma mostra de 107 díade mãe-filho. Os critérios de inclusão foram mães de primeira viagem saudáveis e bebês a término sem condições patológicas conhecidas, com peso entre 2500 e 4000 gramas e indicação de lactância materna exclusiva ou predominante. No grupo experimental as mães receberam treinamento na terapia de estimulação auditiva, táctil, visual e vestibular e a aplicaram desde o nascimento (primeiras 24 horas de vida) até o final do seguimento; o grupo de controle recebeu somente a atenção padrão que incluiu a educação sobre os sinais de alarme e as indicações básicas sobre a lactância materna. Se mediu a eficácia da sucção, o tipo de alimentação e o crescimento neonatal na 2ª semana e na 5ª semana. Resultados. Os bebês do grupo experimental comparados com o grupo de controle beberam 2.02 cc mais leite humana num minuto de lactância efetiva (p=0.002) na segunda semana e 5.51 cc mais na quinta semana (p<0.0001); as mães registraram uma maior aderência à lactância às 5 semanas (p=0.025) e os bebês ganharam mais peso: 8.35 gramas/dia (p=0.009) e 4.19 gramas/dia (p=0.008). O perímetro cefálico não apresentou diferenças entre grupos, enquanto a diferença no tamanho foi estatisticamente significativa na 5ª semana (p=0.025). Conclusão. A terapia de estimulação auditiva, táctil, visual e vestibular tem um efeito positivo na saúde neonatal, promove a sucção eficaz, a lactância materna exclusiva, atenua a perda de peso e melhora o crescimento neonatal.

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Hypertension is a risk factor for vascular dementia, which is the second most prevalent type of dementia, just behind Alzheimer's disease. This highlights the brain vulnerability due to hypertension, which may increase with aging. Thus, studying how hypertension affects neural cells and behavior, as well as the effects of antihypertensives on these alterations, it's important to understand the hypertension consequences in the brain. The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) has been useful for the study of hypertension alterations in diverse organs, including the brain. Thus, we studied the losartan effects on cognitive and structural neuroplasticity impairments in SHR of 10 months of age. In the first instance, we evaluated the losartan effects on exploratory behavior and novel object recognition test (NORT) in the SHR. Then, we assessed the density and morphology of dendritic spines of pyramidal neurons from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) layers 3 and 5, and CA1 of the dorsal Hp (dHp). Our results indicate that in SHR, losartan treatment (2 months, 15 mg/Kg/day) reduces high blood pressure to age-matched vehicle-treated Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat levels. Moreover, losartan improved long-term memory in SHR compared with age-matched vehicle-treated WKY rats, without affecting the locomotor and anxiety behaviors. The behavioral improvement of the SHR can be associated with the increase in the number of dendritic spines and the mushroom spine population in the PFC and the dHp. In conclusion, losartan enhances cognitive impairments by controlling the high blood pressure and improving neuroplasticity in animals with chronic hypertension.

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INTRODUÇÃO: A identificação humana pela odontologia legal é considerada um método primário de identificação assim como o exame de DNA e a papiloscopia. A tomografia computadorizada (TC) pode ser usada no processo de identificação humana e quando associada a outros métodos gera resultados que facilitam a identificação. OBJETIVO: Este trabalho visa verificar a importância da TC no processo de identificação humana e realizar um levantamento dos casos em que o exame tomográfico no crânio foi utilizado para esse fim. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico dos últimos 21 anos nas bases científicas e foram adotados alguns critérios de inclusão: ser um relato de caso, ter sido publicado entre os anos de 1998 a 2019 e ter sido utilizado um exame de TC de crânio para a identificação. Os critérios de exclusão foram: uso de outros exames imaginológicos, trabalhos que não são relatos de caso e aqueles que não consideravam os arcos dentais e/ou crânio. Foram encontrados 6 artigos dentro dos critérios, sendo a maioria relativa a casos europeus e de corpos esqueletizados. CONCLUSÃO: Através da análise destes trabalhos, foi possível confirmar a importância das tomografias computadorizadas de crânio, que podem subsidiar a identificação de corpos, especialmente onde há impossibilidade de datiloscopia, especialmente por permitir uma análise multiplanar de estruturas anatômicas específicas, sem sobreposição.

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BACKGROUND: People with a previous diagnosis of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are more likely to develop serious forms of COVID-19 or die. Mexico is the country with the fourth highest fatality rate from SARS-Cov-2, with high mortality in younger adults. OBJECTIVES: To describe and characterize the association of NCDs with the case-fatality rate (CFR) adjusted by age and sex in Mexican adults with a positive diagnosis for SARS-Cov-2. METHODS: We studied Mexican adults aged ≥20 years who tested positive for SARS-Cov-2 during the period from 28 February to 31 July 2020. The CFR was calculated and associations with history of NCDs (number of diseases and combinations), severity indicators and type of institution that treated the patient were explored. The relative risk (RR) of death was estimated using Poisson models and CFR was adjusted using logistic models. RESULTS: We analysed 406 966 SARS-Cov-2-positive adults. The CFR was 11.2% (13.7% in men and 8.4% in women). The CFR was positively associated with age and number of NCDs (p trend <0.001). The number of NCDs increased the risk of death in younger adults when they presented three or more NCDs compared with those who did not have any NCDs [RR, 46.6; 95% confidence interval (CI), 28.2, 76.9 for women; RR, 16.5; 95% CI, 9.9, 27.3 for men]. Lastly, there was great heterogeneity in the CFR by institution, from 4.6% in private institutions to 18.9% in public institutions. CONCLUSION: In younger adults, higher CFRs were associated with the total number of NCDs and some combinations of type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular disease.

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The beginning of university life can be a stressful event for students. The close social relationships that they can experience can have positive effects on their well-being. The objective of this paper is to estimate the effect of perceived social support on the changes of the hedonic and eudaimonic well-being of Chilean university students during the transition from the first to the second academic year. Overall, 205 students participated (63.90% men and 36.09% women) with an average age of 19.14 years (SD = 1.73), evaluated during their first academic year (2017) and the succeeding one (2018). For the evaluation of perceived social support, the Spanish version of the Perceived Social Support Questionnaire "MSPSS" was used, and PERMA-profiler was used to measure hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Changes through the time of hedonic well-being and social support and the correlations between the variables were analyzed. Changes in the perception of social support were analyzed according to four categories of hedonic well-being. The prediction of social support for eudaimonic well-being was evaluated. Results indicated that the perception of students' social support did not change over time. Statistically significant differences were found in hedonic well-being scores in the two measurements, being significantly higher in the first measurement than in the second one. More than 50% of the participants presented a positive balance of affections. The perception of social support is associated with the two types of well-being. Students who had a high balance of affections had a greater perception of general social support than the groups of positive evolution of affections and a low balance of affections. In the case of the friends and family support dimensions, the perception in the high-balance group of affections concerning the low-scale group is greater. Improving the perception of social support increases the eudaimonic well-being of university students. The perception of support that students had during the beginning of their university life benefits their general well-being, which contributes to their mental health.

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Introdução: Pinos intrarradiculares são recomendados para melhorar a retenção de coroas artificiais e distribuir forças intrabucais ao longo da raiz. Se o espaço criado pela remoção parcial da obturação não for preenchido adequadamente, pode ocorrer uma infiltração maciça de microrganismos da cavidade bucal. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a eficácia contra a infiltração bacteriana de uma barreira intracanal colocada diretamente sobre o remanescente da obturação do canal radicular, após o preparo de espaço para o pino. Métodos: Setenta e dois dentes humanos unirradiculares foram instrumentados, obturados e divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos experimentais e dois grupos controle. O grupo 1 não recebeu tratamento adicional após a obturação e o preparo do espaço, enquanto os Grupos 2 e 3 receberam uma barreira composta por material de selamento temporário com 1,0 e 2,0 mm de espessura, respectiva- mente. Uma cultura de Enterococcus faecalis foi inoculada nos espaços preparados para receber o pino intrarradicular, a cada três dias, por um período de 60 dias. A infiltração foi avaliada diariamente pela turbidade do meio de cultura. Resultados e Conclusão: Houve infiltração bacteriana nos três grupos experimentais, sendo significativamente maior e ocorrendo mais rapidamente no G1 (p<0,05), em comparação aos G2 e G3. Houve infiltração em todos os grupos controles positivos; porém, nenhuma infiltração foi observada nos grupos controles negativos. Não foi encontrada diferença significativa (p>0,05) entre o G2 e o G3, em relação à taxa e ao período de infiltração. Pode-se concluir que a barreira reduziu a incidência de infiltração e atrasou o tempo de ocorrência (AU).

Introduction: Intraradicular posts are recommended to improve the retention of artificial crowns and to distribute intraoral forces along the root. If the space created by partially removing the obturation is not adequately filled, it can lead to a massive infiltration of microorganisms from the oral cavity. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the influence on bacterial infiltration of an intracanal barrier placed directly over the remaining root canal filling following post space preparation. Material and Methods: Seventy-two human single-rooted teeth were instrumented, filled, and then randomly divided into three experimental groups and two control groups. Group 1 received no additional treatment after filling and post space preparation, whereas Groups 2 and 3 received a barrier composed of temporary sealing material 1.0- and 2.0-mm thick, respectively. A culture of Enterococcus faecalis was inoculated into the spaces prepared to receive the intraradicular post, every three days over a 60-day period. Infiltration was evaluated daily by observing the turbidity of the culture medium. Results and Conclusion: Bacterial infiltration was found in all three experimental groups, but was significantly greater and occurred more quickly in G1 (p < 0.05), compared with G2 and G3. Infiltration was observed in all positive controls, whereas no infiltration was found in the negative controls. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was found between G2 and G3, regarding the rate and time frame of infiltration. It can be concluded that the barrier reduced the incidence of infiltration, and delayed the time of occurrence (AU).

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Hyperglycemia of diabetes mellitus causes damage at the vascular level, which at the renal level represents diabetic nephropathy. In this pathology, there is arterial hypertension. In addition, several reports suggest that hyperglycemia and arterial hypertension affect interneuronal communication at the level of dendritic morphology. We studied these changes in an animal model with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in the spontaneous hypertensive (SH) rat. Recent reports from our laboratory have demonstrated that cerebrolysin (CBL), a preparation of neuropeptides with protective and repairing properties, reduces dendritic deterioration in both pathologies, in separate studies. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of CBL using the animal model with hyperglycemia and arterial hypertension and assessed the dendritic morphology using a Golgi-Cox staining procedure. Our results suggest that CBL ameliorated the reduction in the number of dendritic spines in the PFC and hippocampus caused by hyperglycemia in the SH rat. In addition, CBL also increased distal dendritic length in the PFC and hippocampus in hyperglycemic SH rats. Consequently, the CBL could be a therapeutic tool used to reduce the damage at the level of dendritic communication present in both pathologies.

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OBJECTIVES: To describe the prevalence of previously diagnosed diabetes among Mexican adults, to characterize the associated risk factors, and to describe which glycemic control strategies are the most used. METHODS: We analyzed data from 8,631 adults aged ≥20 years who participated in the ENSANUT-2016 and from whom we gathered data about previously diagnosed diabetes, risk factors, glycemic control strategies, and measures to prevent complications. RESULTS: The prevalence of previously diagnosed diabetes in Mexican adults was 9.4% (10.3% in women and 8.4% in men). The adjusted OR for having diabetes was higher in adults aged ≥60 years (OR = 11.0 in women and OR = 30.7 in men) than in adults aged 20-39 years (OR = 1.0). The adjusted OR for having diabetes was higher in overweight men (OR = 1.7) than in men with normal BMI (OR = 1.0). A total of 30.5% of adults with diabetes did not report any control strategies, 44.9% measured their venous blood glucose, and 15.2% used the HbA1C as an indicator of glycemic control. Only 46.4% of them reported preventive measures. DISCUSSION: Diabetes is a common disease among Mexican adults. Being older or overweight are risk factors for an adult to be diagnosed with diabetes. Most adults with diabetes evaluate their glycemic control but only half practice preventive measures.

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Resumen Introduction: en términos científicos y sociales, la investigación del bienestar ha sido relevante en los últimos años, lo que hace necesario investigar sobre las propiedades psicométricas de los cuestionarios que se utilizan para su medición. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar las propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario PERMA-Profiler en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios chilenos. Materialesy métodos: se evaluaron las respuestas de 1462 estudiantes universitarios de una universidad tradicional ubicada al sur de Chile, con una edad media de 19.09 años (DE=1.72). Se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio, se evaluaron las correlaciones dimensión/total del cuestionario e índices de consistencia interna. Resultados: el análisis factorial reporta la presencia de cinco factores. Se presentaron niveles de correlación moderada, positiva y significativa entre las dimensiones del PERMA-Profiler. Los índices de consistencia de la escala total y de la mayoría de las dimensiones se ubicaron entre α=.65 a .91 y de ω=.66 a .92, a excepción de la dimensión de compromiso. Conclusion: se confirman los cinco factores propuestos en la teoría y un adecuado nivel de correlación entre sus dimensiones y de fiabilidad del cuestionario. El PERMA-Profiler puede ser empleado para la medición de la salud mental de los estudiantes y como una herramienta válida para la evaluación de intervenciones en este contexto.

Abstract Introduction: In scientific and social terms, well-being research has been relevant in recent years, which makes it necessary to investigate the psychometric properties of the questionnaires used for its measurement. The objective of this work was to estimate the psychometric properties of the PERMA-Profiler questionnaire in a sample of Chilean university students. Materials and methods: The responses of 1462 university students from a traditional university located in southern Chile were evaluated, with an average age of 19.09 years (SD = 1.72). A confirmatory factor analysis was performed, and the dimension/ total correlations of the questionnaire and internal consistency indices were evaluated. Results: The factor analysis reports the presence of five factors. There were levels of moderate, positive, and significant correlation between the dimensions of the PERMA-Profiler. The consistency indices of the total scale and most of the dimensions were between α = .65 to .91 and from to ω = .66 to .92, with the exception of the commitment dimension. Conclusion: The five factors proposed in theory were confirmed: an adequate level of correlation between its dimensions and the questionnaire's reliability. The PERMA-Profiler can be used to measure students' mental health and as a valid tool for evaluating interventions in this context.

Resumo Introdução: em termos científicos e sociais a pesquisa do bem-estar tem disso relevante nos últimos años, o que faz necessário a pesquisa sobre as propriedades psicométricas dos questionários que se utilizam para sua medição. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar as propriedades psicométricas do questionário PERMA-Profiler em uma amostra de estudantes universitários chilenos. Materiais e métodos: avaliaram-se as respostas de 1462 estudantes universitários de uma universidade tradicional localizada no sul do Chile, com idade média de 19.09 años (DE=1.72). Realizou-se uma análise fatorial confirmatória, avaliaram-se as correlações dimensão/total do questionário e índices de consistência interna. Resultados: a análise fatorial reporta a presença de cinco fatores. Se apresentaram níveis de correlação moderada, positiva e significativa entre as dimensões do PERMA-Profiler. Os índices de consistência da escala total e da maioria das dimensões localizaram-se entre α =.65 a .91 y de ω=.66 a .92, com exceção da dimensão de compromisso. Conclusão: confirmam-se os cinco fatores propostos na teoria, um adequado nível de correlação entre suas dimensões e de fiabilidade do questionário. O PERMA-Profiler pode ser empregado para a medição de saúde mental dos estudantes e como uma ferramenta válida para a avaliação de intervenções neste contexto.

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Students' mental health have a greatest impact on wellbeing and academic performance, also is often affected adaptation to the university life. This study examines the proportion of students with a positive and negative affect balance, and the relationship between affective wellbeing and academic self-efficacy and performance. It also analyzes how psychological wellbeing and academic self-efficacy predict affective wellbeing and academic performance. In a sample of 200 undergraduate students (M = 19.07 years), it was found that positive affect decreased and negative affect increased during the second academic year. The majority had a positive affect balance (AB). Psychological wellbeing predicts positive emotions and its achievement dimension predicts academic performance. 53% of participating students maintained a positive AB, 14% maintained a negative AB and 21% went from a negative to a positive AB one. The change from a positive to a negative AB (10%) is associated with an increase in psychological wellbeing, suggesting a process of post-stress growth in relation to the challenges of university life.

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BACKGROUND/AIM: Orofacial trauma and traumatic dental injuries (TDI) are serious public health problems due to their high prevalence, severe morbidity, high costs of treatment, and long-term sequelae. However, the extent of the problem may be underestimated since trauma analysis, from a forensic odontology perspective, is not widely represented in the scientific literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of traumatic orofacial injuries (TOI) and TDI in unidentified bodies and their association with the cause of death. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted of dental and autopsy reports of unidentified bodies admitted to the Institute of Forensic Medicine of Belo Horizonte (IFM-BH), Brazil, between 2015 and 2016. The final sample was made up of 536 bodies. Demographic data, the location where the body was found, cause of death, and the presence and type of orofacial trauma were collected. RESULTS: The mean of the estimated age of the bodies was 38 years and the median was 35 years. Most of the bodies were from males (87.5%) and were found downtown in the city of Belo Horizonte (60.4%). Violence was the most common cause of death (64%), generally by gunshot (48.7%). Bodies with an estimated age ≤35 years were eight times more likely to have died from violent causes. TOI was registered in 50.9% of the reports. TDI was observed in 10.8% of the bodies. Victims of violent death were seven times more likely to present TOI. Such association was not observed when the presence of TDI was considered. CONCLUSIONS: There is a positive association between TOI and violent death in unidentified bodies.

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