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Objetivo: relatar um caso de Disgenesia Gonadal Pura XX (DGP XX), acompanhado naFundação Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará (FSCMPA). Relato do caso: paciente do sexofeminino, 22 anos, com queixa de amenorreia primária e ausência de desenvolvimento mamário.O diagnóstico de DGP XX foi confirmado através de dosagens hormonais, que apontaram umhipogonadismo hipergonadotrófico; ultrassonografia pélvica e cariotipagem. Consideraçõesfinais: a DGP é uma nosologia rara, porém, deve ser lembrada em pacientes com amenorreiaprimária, sendo fundamental a realização de cariotipagem para o diagnóstico final. É necessáriauma adequada assistência médica a tais pacientes em virtude das possíveis complicaçõespsicossociais e médicas que podem decorrer de tal quadro.

Objetive: to report a case of XX pure gonadal dysgenesis, assisted in the Santa Casa deMisericordia do Pará (FSCMPA). Case report: a female patient, 22 years, complaining ofprimary amenorrhea and absence of breast development. The diagnosis of pure gonadaldysgenesis XX (PGD XX) was confirmed by hormonal measurements, which showed ahypergonadotropic hypogonadism, pelvic ultrasound and karyotyping. Final considerations:the pure gonadal dysgenesis is a rare condition, but should be considered in patients withprimary amenorrhea. It is fundamental to perform karyotyping for the final diagnosis. Thispatients need a proper medical care because of possible psychosocial and medical complicationsthat may arise from this condition.

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OBJETIVO: avaliar o fuso meiótico e a distribuição cromossômica de oócitos maturados in vitro, obtidos de ciclos estimulados de mulheres inférteis com endometriose e fatores masculino e/ou tubário de infertilidade (Grupo Controle), comparando as taxas de maturação in vitro (MIV) entre os dois grupos avaliados. MÉTODOS: quatorze pacientes com endometriose e oito com fator tubário ou masculino, submetidas à estimulação ovariana para injeção intracitoplasmática de espermatozóide, foram selecionadas, prospectiva e consecutivamente, e constituíram os Grupos de Estudo e Controle, respectivamente. Oócitos imaturos (46 e 22, respectivamente, dos Grupos Endometriose e Controle) foram submetidos à MIV. Oócitos que apresentaram a extrusão do primeiro corpúsculo polar foram fixados e corados para avaliação dos microtúbulos e cromatina por técnica de imunofluorescência. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando o teste exato de Fisher, com significância estatística quando p<0,05. RESULTADOS: não se observou diferença significativa nas taxas de MIV entre os dois grupos avaliados (45,6 e 54,5 por cento, respectivamente, nos Grupos Endometriose e Controle). A organização cromossômica e do fuso meiótico foi observada em 18 e 11 oócitos dos Grupos Endometriose e Controle, respectivamente. No Grupo Endometriose, oito oócitos (44,4 por cento) se apresentavam como metáfase II (MII) normais, três (16,7 por cento) MII anormais, cinco (27,8 por cento) estavam em estágio de telófase I e dois (11,1 por cento) sofreram ativação partenogenética. No Grupo Controle, cinco oócitos (45,4 por cento) se apresentavam como MII normais, três (27,3 por cento) MII anormais, um (9,1 por cento) estava em estágio de telófase I e dois (18,2 por cento) sofreram ativação partenogenética. Não se observou diferença significativa na porcentagem de anomalias meióticas entre os oócitos em MII dos dois grupos avaliados. CONCLUSÕES: os dados do presente estudo não demonstraram diferença...

PURPOSE: to evaluate the meiotic spindle and the chromosome distribution of in vitro mature oocytes from stimulated cycles of infertile women with endometriosis, and with male and/or tubal infertility factors (Control Group), comparing the rates of in vitro maturation (IVM) between the two groups evaluated. METHODS: fourteen patients with endometriosis and eight with male and/or tubal infertility factors, submitted to ovarian stimulation for intracytoplasmatic sperm injection have been prospectively and consecutively selected, and formed a Study and Control Group, respectively. Immature oocytes (46 and 22, respectively, from the Endometriosis and Control Groups) were submitted to IVM. Oocytes presenting extrusion of the first polar corpuscle were fixed and stained for microtubules and chromatin evaluation through immunofluorescence technique. Statistical analysis has been done by the Fisher's exact test, with statistical significance at p<0.05. RESULTS: there was no significant difference in the IVM rates between the two groups evaluated (45.6 and 54.5 percent for the Endometriosis and Control Groups, respectively). The chromosome and meiotic spindle organization was observed in 18 and 11 oocytes from the Endometriosis and Control Groups, respectively. In the Endometriosis Group, eight oocytes (44.4 percent) presented themselves as normal metaphase II (MII), three (16.7 percent) as abnormal MII, five (27.8 percent) were in telophase stage I and two (11.1 percent) underwent parthenogenetic activation. In the Control Group, five oocytes (45.4 percent) presented themselves as normal MII, three (27.3 percent) as abnormal MII, one (9.1 percent) was in telophase stage I and two (18.2 percent) underwent parthenogenetic activation. There was no significant difference in meiotic anomaly rate between the oocytes in MII from both groups. CONCLUSIONS: the present study data did not show significant differences in the IVM or in the meiotic anomalies...

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OBJETIVO: avaliar o fuso meiótico e a distribuição cromossômica de oócitos maturados in vitro, obtidos de ciclos estimulados de mulheres inférteis com síndrome dos ovários policísticos (SOP) e fatores masculino e/ou tubário de infertilidade (Grupo Controle) e comparar as taxas de maturação in vitro (MIV) entre os dois grupos avaliados. MÉTODOS: cinco pacientes inférteis com SOP e oito pacientes controles, submetidas à estimulação ovariana para injeção intracitoplasmática de espermatozóide, foram selecionadas prospectiva e consecutivamente, e constituíram os grupos de estudo e Controle, respectivamente. Oócitos imaturos captados após estimulação ovariana para a realização de injeção intracitoplasmática de espermatozóide (21 e 29, respectivamente, nos Grupos SOP e Controle) foram submetidos à MIV. Apenas os oócitos que apresentaram a extrusão do primeiro corpúsculo polar após a MIV foram fixados e submetidos à imunocoloração e análise por microscopia de fluorescência para avaliação morfológica do fuso e da distribuição cromossômica. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando o teste exato de Fisher, com significância estatística quando p<0,05. RESULTADOS: as taxas de MIV foram similares entre os dois grupos (47,6 e 44,8 por cento, respectivamente, nos Grupos SOP e Controle). Seis dos dez oócitos (60 por cento) analisados do grupo de estudo e quatro dos 12 oócitos (33,3 por cento) analisados do Grupo Controle apresentaram anomalias meióticas, caracterizadas por anomalias do fuso e/ou distribuição cromossômica oocitária, sem diferença significativa entre os grupos. CONCLUSÕES: os dados do presente estudo não demonstraram diferença significativa nas taxas de MIV e nas proporções de anomalias meióticas entre os oócitos maturados in vitro, provenientes de ciclos estimulados de pacientes com SOP, quando comparados aos controles.

PURPOSE: to evaluate the meiotic spindle and the chromosome distribution of in vitro matured oocytes obtained from stimulated cycles of infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and with male factor and/or tubal infertility (Control Group) and compare in vitro maturation (IVM) rates between the groups analyzed. METHODS: five infertile patients with PCOS and eight controls, submitted to stimulated cycles for intracytoplasmic sperm injection, were selected prospectively and consecutively, and respectively assigned to the study group and the Control Group. Immature oocytes (21 and 29, respectively, from PCOS and Control Group) were submitted to IVM. After IVM, oocytes with first polar body extruded were fixed and submitted to immunostaining and fluorescence microscopy for morphological evaluation of the spindle and of chromosome distribution. Statistical analysis was performed by the Fisher test with significance, when p<0.05. RESULTS: IVM rates were similar between groups (47.6 e 44.8 percent, respectively, for PCOS and Control Group). Six of the ten oocytes (60 percent) from the study group and four of the 12 oocytes (33.3 percent) from the Control Group presented meiotic anomalies of the spindle and/or anomalous chromosome distribution, without statistical difference between groups. CONCLUSIONS: data from the present study did not demonstrate significant difference neither in IVM rates nor in the proportions of meiotic anomalies between in vitro matured oocytes obtained from stimulated cycles from PCOS patients and control ones.

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PURPOSE: to evaluate the meiotic spindle and the chromosome distribution of in vitro matured oocytes obtained from stimulated cycles of infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and with male factor and/or tubal infertility (Control Group) and compare in vitro maturation (IVM) rates between the groups analyzed. METHODS: five infertile patients with PCOS and eight controls, submitted to stimulated cycles for intracytoplasmic sperm injection, were selected prospectively and consecutively, and respectively assigned to the study group and the Control Group. Immature oocytes (21 and 29, respectively, from PCOS and Control Group) were submitted to IVM. After IVM, oocytes with first polar body extruded were fixed and submitted to immunostaining and fluorescence microscopy for morphological evaluation of the spindle and of chromosome distribution. Statistical analysis was performed by the Fisher test with significance, when p< or =0.05. RESULTS: IVM rates were similar between groups (47.6 e 44.8%, respectively, for PCOS and Control Group). Six of the ten oocytes (60%) from the study group and four of the 12 oocytes (33.3%) from the Control Group presented meiotic anomalies of the spindle and/or anomalous chromosome distribution, without statistical difference between groups. CONCLUSIONS: data from the present study did not demonstrate significant difference neither in IVM rates nor in the proportions of meiotic anomalies between in vitro matured oocytes obtained from stimulated cycles from PCOS patients and control ones.

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PURPOSE: to evaluate the meiotic spindle and the chromosome distribution of in vitro mature oocytes from stimulated cycles of infertile women with endometriosis, and with male and/or tubal infertility factors (Control Group), comparing the rates of in vitro maturation (IVM) between the two groups evaluated. METHODS: fourteen patients with endometriosis and eight with male and/or tubal infertility factors, submitted to ovarian stimulation for intracytoplasmatic sperm injection have been prospectively and consecutively selected, and formed a Study and Control Group, respectively. Immature oocytes (46 and 22, respectively, from the Endometriosis and Control Groups) were submitted to IVM. Oocytes presenting extrusion of the first polar corpuscle were fixed and stained for microtubules and chromatin evaluation through immunofluorescence technique. Statistical analysis has been done by the Fisher's exact test, with statistical significance at p<0.05. RESULTS: there was no significant difference in the IVM rates between the two groups evaluated (45.6 and 54.5% for the Endometriosis and Control Groups, respectively). The chromosome and meiotic spindle organization was observed in 18 and 11 oocytes from the Endometriosis and Control Groups, respectively. In the Endometriosis Group, eight oocytes (44.4%) presented themselves as normal metaphase II (MII), three (16.7%) as abnormal MII, five (27.8%) were in telophase stage I and two (11.1%) underwent parthenogenetic activation. In the Control Group, five oocytes (45.4%) presented themselves as normal MII, three (27.3%) as abnormal MII, one (9.1%) was in telophase stage I and two (18.2%) underwent parthenogenetic activation. There was no significant difference in meiotic anomaly rate between the oocytes in MII from both groups. CONCLUSIONS: the present study data did not show significant differences in the IVM or in the meiotic anomalies rate between the IVM oocytes from stimulated cycles of patients with endometriosis, as compared with controls. Nevertheless, they have suggested a delay in the outcome of oocyte meiosis I from patients with endometriosis, shown by the higher proportion of oocytes in telophase I observed in this group.

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A mulher sofre a influência do metabolismo oxidativo ao longo de toda a vida reprodutiva. Baixas concentrações de espécies reativas de oxigênio têm importância na modulação de inúmeros processos fisiológicos do trato reprodutivo feminino, como a maturação oocitária, a atresia folicular, a função do corpo lúteo, a interação gamética, a fertilização, o desenvolvimento e a implantação embrionária, bem como o declínio da fertilidade relacionado à idade. Quando há um desequilíbrio entre os agentes pró-oxidantes e os mecanismos antioxidantes de defesa do organismo pode ocorrer o estresse oxidativo, que tem sido envolvido na etiopatogênese da endometriose e de outras doenças do trato reprodutivo feminino. Alguns relatos suportam a influência deletéria do estresse oxidativo tanto em nível de fertilidade natural, como após a realização de técnicas de reprodução assistida. Portanto, o objetivo desta revisão é sintetizar a influência dos radicais livres e dos diferentes antioxidantes na fisiologia dos processos reprodutivos femininos e destacar o seu potencial papel na etiopatogênese de importantes causas de infertilidade feminina, com destaque na síndrome dos ovários policísticos, endometriose e disfunções tubárias.

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