RESUMEN
This study describes changes in oxidative stress (OS) parameters in mice experimentally infected with Angiostrongylus costaricensis, which causes abdominal angiostrongyliasis. For this, 28 Swiss mice were used, divided into two groups (G1 and G2), with 14 animals each. Of these, eight were infected with ten infective larvae each, by gavage, and six were used as a control group. Mice from G1 and G2 were euthanized at 14 days and 24 days post-infection, respectively. Tissue samples were used for histopathological analysis and blood (serum) samples were taken to assess the levels of proteins, non-protein thiols (NPTs) and nitric oxide (NO), from centrifugation and subsequent collection of aliquots of the supernatant. Among OS parameters, infected mice in both groups had higher NO levels than the control group, due to the presence of: eosinophil infiltrate in the liver and intestine; pancreatitis; and intestinal granuloma. However, the infected mice of both groups showed a reduction in the levels of NPTs, in relation to the control group, due to the presence of: eosinophilic infiltrate in the liver and intestine; and intestinal granuloma. Our results suggest that A. costaricensis infection has important effects on the intestine, liver and pancreas, and the analyses were performed from the tissue of these organs. The mechanisms for these changes are related to the decrease in the body's main antioxidant defences, as demonstrated by the reduction of NPTs, thus contributing to the development of more severe tissue damage. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between histopathological lesions and markers for OS.
Asunto(s)
Angiostrongylus , Infecciones por Strongylida , Ratones , Animales , Granuloma , Estrés OxidativoRESUMEN
This study describes changes in haematological parameters, cytokine profile, histopathology and cortisol levels in Swiss mice experimentally infected with Angiostrongylus costaricensis. Twenty-eight Swiss mice were divided into two groups (G1 and G2) of 14 animals each. In each group, eight animals were infected orally with ten third-stage larvae of A. costaricensis and six were used as a control group. The mice of groups G1 and G2 were sacrificed 14 and 24 days after infection, respectively. Samples were collected for histopathological and haematological analyses and determination of the cytokine profile and cortisol levels. Granulomatous reaction, eosinophilic infiltrate and vasculitis in the intestinal tract, pancreas, liver and spleen were observed with varying intensity in infected animals. Our results showed that the mice developed normocytic and hypochromic anaemia, and that the histopathological lesions caused by the experimental infection influenced increases in cortisol, neutrophil and monocyte levels. In addition to this, we detected increased interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha levels in the infected animals.
Asunto(s)
Angiostrongylus , Infecciones por Strongylida , Animales , Hidrocortisona , Intestinos , Larva , RatonesRESUMEN
Abdominal angiostrongyliasis is caused by Angiostrongylus costaricensis, the definitive and intermediate hosts of which are wild rodents and terrestrial molluscs, respectively. Humans are accidental hosts and can be infected by ingesting the third-stage (infective) larvae (L3). It remains unclear whether the number of L3 inoculated is related to lesion severity. Our aim was to analyse histopathological alterations in Swiss mice infected with different doses of A. costaricensis. Thirty-two mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8/group): uninfected, control mice; mice infected with a low dose (five L3); mice infected with an intermediate dose (15 L3); and mice infected with a high dose (30 L3). The frequency of intestinal thrombi, splenitis, eggs/larvae, hepatic infarction and acute pancreatitis differed among the groups, the last being considered a significant finding. We conclude that different infective doses alter the histopathological aspects of the infection in Swiss mice, those aspects being more pronounced at medium and high doses, with no effect on the development of the disease. This experimental model shows that the parasite life cycle can be maintained in Swiss mice through the inoculation of a low dose (five L3).
Asunto(s)
Tracto Gastrointestinal/patología , Tracto Gastrointestinal/parasitología , Interacciones Huésped-Parásitos , Carga de Parásitos , Infecciones por Strongylida/parasitología , Enfermedad Aguda , Angiostrongylus/patogenicidad , Animales , Larva/patogenicidad , Masculino , Ratones , Pancreatitis/parasitologíaRESUMEN
Abdominal angiostrongyliasis is an endemic zoonosis in southern Brazil caused by the nematode Angiostrongylus costaricensis, which uses terrestrial molluscs as intermediate hosts and wild rodents as final hosts. Humans can be infected by ingesting infectious A. costaricensis larvae. To date, correlations between shedding of first-stage larvae (L1) and different infective doses of third-stage larvae (L3) have not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to assess L1 faecal shedding levels in Swiss mice experimentally infected with different doses of A. costaricensis L3 and to determine whether infective doses are related to mortality. Thirty-two male Swiss mice were divided evenly into a non-infected control (NI-Con); low-dose infection (LD-Inf); medium-dose infection (MD-Inf) and high-dose infection (HD-Inf) groups infected with 0, 5, 15 and 30 A. costaricensis L3, respectively. Faecal samples were collected from each animal, starting at day 20 post infection. HD-Inf mice had greater faecal L1 shedding levels than LD-Inf mice, but not a significantly shortened survival. In conclusion, infective doses of A. costaricensis L3 affect L1 shedding levels without altering mortality in Swiss mice.
Asunto(s)
Angiostrongylus/fisiología , Heces/parasitología , Infecciones por Strongylida/parasitología , Angiostrongylus/genética , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Humanos , Larva/genética , Larva/fisiología , Masculino , RatonesRESUMEN
Abdominal angiostrongyliasis (AA) is caused by Angiostrongylus costaricensis, which inhabits mesenteric arteries. There is no drug treatment for AA, and since intestinal infarction due to thrombi is one of the main complications of the disease, the use of anticoagulants may be a treatment option. Thus, we aimed to assess the effect of high doses of enoxaparin on the prevention of ischaemic intestinal lesions and on the survival of mice infected with A. costaricensis. Twenty-four mice were infected with L3 of A. costaricensis and divided equally into two groups: Group 1, control treated with placebo, and Group 2, treated daily with enoxaparin (2.5 mg/kg) for 50 days. All mice were subjected to necropsy and histological analysis. The results from gross and microscopic assessments showed no variation in the prevalence of lesions between the groups. An analysis was also performed among survivors and non-survivors, showing that animals that died often presented lesions, such as granulation tissue in the serosa, and intestinal infarction and adhesion. The mortality rate did not vary between the enoxaparin-treated and control groups. Thus, we showed that high doses of enoxaparin have no protective effect against AA, as the survival rates and lesions of mice did not vary between the treated and control groups. Considering that the use of prophylactic doses was also shown to be ineffective in a previous study, we do not recommend the use of enoxaparin for AA treatment.
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Anticoagulantes/administración & dosificación , Enoxaparina/administración & dosificación , Infarto/prevención & control , Arterias Mesentéricas/parasitología , Infecciones por Strongylida/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Infarto/patología , Ratones , Placebos/administración & dosificación , Análisis de Supervivencia , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Dogs and cats are often infected with vector-borne pathogens and play a crucial role as reservoirs and hosts in their life cycles. The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of vector-borne pathogens among dogs and cats in the northwestern region of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) State, Brazil. One hundred and ten blood samples were collected from dogs (n=80) and cats (n=30). Laboratory analysis were carried out through stained blood smears, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Babesia vogeli and Ehrlichia canis (only for dogs) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) aiming the detection of pathogens. The following pathogens were screened by PCR among dogs and cats: Babesia spp. and Hepatozoon spp. (18S rRNA gene), Anaplasma spp. (16S rRNA gene), and Ehrlichia spp. (dsb gene for dogs and 16S rRNA gene for cats) and Bartonella spp. (nuoG gene only for cats). Using blood smears structures morphologically compatible with piroplasms were found in 5.45% (6/110) of the samples. Anti-B. vogeli and anti-E. canis antibodies were detected in 91% (73/80) and 9% (7/80) of the dogs, respectively. All the seropositive dogs to E. canis were also to B. vogeli. Nineteen (17.3%) animals were positive to hemoparasites by PCR. After sequencing Rangelia vitalii 6/80 (7.5%), B. vogeli 3/80 (4%), Hepatozoon spp. 1/80 (1%), and Anaplasma spp. 1/80 (1%) were found in the dogs, and B. vogeli 2/30 (7%) and Bartonella spp. 6/30 (20%) were detected in the screened cats. No sample was positive for genes dsb and 16S rRNA of Ehrlichia spp. Only those animals which were positive for R. vitalii showed findings compatible with rangeliosis, such as anemia (100%), thrombocytopenia (67%), jaundice (50%), external bleeding (50%), and anorexia (50%). This is the first time that B. vogeli detected among cats in Southern Brazil.
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Anaplasmosis/epidemiología , Babesiosis/epidemiología , Infecciones por Bartonella/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Gatos/epidemiología , Coccidiosis/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Ehrlichiosis/veterinaria , Anaplasma/genética , Anaplasma/aislamiento & purificación , Anaplasmosis/microbiología , Animales , Babesia/genética , Babesia/aislamiento & purificación , Babesiosis/parasitología , Bartonella/genética , Bartonella/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Bartonella/epidemiología , Infecciones por Bartonella/microbiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/parasitología , Gatos , Coccidios/genética , Coccidios/aislamiento & purificación , Coccidiosis/epidemiología , Coccidiosis/microbiología , Reservorios de Enfermedades , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Perros , Ehrlichia/genética , Ehrlichia/aislamiento & purificación , Ehrlichia canis/genética , Ehrlichia canis/aislamiento & purificación , Ehrlichiosis/epidemiología , Ehrlichiosis/microbiología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , ARN Ribosómico 16SRESUMEN
A pilot study has ascribed an important role in gallbladder motility and emptying to the perimenopausal period. To assess the effect of this period on gallbladder emptying and cholelithogenesis, 25 women in the perimenopausal period without gallbladder disease were submitted to cholangiography and two ultrasound exams. The time for gallbladder emptying and the presence of cholelithiasis were assessed. All patients presented a delay in gallbladder emptying with no relationship to the pre- or postmenopausal period. This finding was not related to lithogenesis. Gallbladder emptying time is longer during the perimenopausal period.
Asunto(s)
Colelitiasis/etiología , Vaciamiento Vesicular/fisiología , Premenopausia/fisiología , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
A pilot study has ascribed an important role in gallbladder motility and emptying to the perimenopausal period. To assess the effect of this period on gallbladder emptying and cholelithogenesis, 25 women in the perimenopausal period without gallbladder disease were submitted to cholangiography and two ultrasound exams. The time for gallbladder emptying and the presence of cholelithiasis were assessed. All patients presented a delay in gallbladder emptying with no relationship to the pre- or postmenopausal period. This finding was not related to lithogenesis. Gallbladder emptying time is longer during the perimenopausal period
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Colelitiasis/etiología , Vaciamiento Vesicular/fisiología , Premenopausia/fisiología , Estudios de Seguimiento , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to suggest a feasible method to find the ostium of the Wirsung's duct during sphincteroplasty of the Vater's papilla, in order to avoid post-operative complications such as acute pancreatitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 27 patients were submitted to sphincteroplasty for choledocolithiasis with or without Odditis. After therapeutic papillotomy and sphincterotomy through the duodenun, the location of the ostium of the Wirsung's duct was determined and studied. After papillotomy, the Vater's papilla becomes an isosceles triangle and its measurements were made with a compass. Thereby the ostium of Wirsung's duct was easily detected and a catheter was inserted before the suture of the mucosa of the papilla. RESULTS: The ostium was generally found medially, on the left side of the triangle, 0.19 cm to 0.25 cm on average above its base whether there was inflammation or not, respectively. CONCLUSION: The transoperative determination of the dimensions as proposed in this study, allows a safety detection and cannulation of the Wirsung's duct with or without inflammation of the Oddi's sphincter.
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Mastocitosis/complicaciones , Conductos Pancreáticos/cirugía , Esfinterotomía Endoscópica , Esfinterotomía Transduodenal , Adulto , Anciano , Ampolla Hepatopancreática/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Periodo Intraoperatorio , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pancreatitis/prevención & control , Distribución por Sexo , Esfinterotomía Endoscópica/métodosRESUMEN
Objetivo. Contribuir para o achado do óstio de Wirsung durante a técnica da papiloesfincteroplastia, prevenindo a pancreatite aguda pós-operatória. Casuística e Método. Foram estudados 27 pacientes submetidos a papilo-esfincteroplastia por coledocolitíase com ou sem odite. Após a papiloesfincterotomia (PET) terapêutica, por via duodenal, realizou-se estudo da localizaçao do óstio do ducto de Wirsung. A PET transforma a ampola de Vater em um triângulo isósceles, cujas medidas foram obtidas através de compasso. Utilizando-as, o óstio do Wirsung poderá ser facilmente identificado e caracterizado no trans-operatório, antes de se fazer a sutura muco-mucosa da papila seccionada. Resultados. O óstio geralmente é encontrado medialmente na metade esquerda do triângulo e a uma distância média de 0,19cm a 0,25cm acima da base do triângulo, considerando-se a ausência ou presença de inflamaçao, respectivamente. Conclusao. A determinaçao transoperatória das distâncias padronizadas neste estudo, permite a detecçao e cateterizaçao segura do óstio do Wirsung na presença ou nao de odite.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Conductos Pancreáticos/cirugía , Esfinterotomía Transduodenal , Esfinterotomía Endoscópica , Pancreatitis/prevención & control , Ampolla Hepatopancreática/cirugía , Esfinterotomía Endoscópica/métodos , Distribución por Sexo , Periodo IntraoperatorioRESUMEN
Já possuía há algumas semanas a intenção de realizar um experimento no laboratório da pensenologia, o que tornou-se possível quando participei de um curso de imersão no CEAEC (AU)
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Informes de CasosRESUMEN
The relationship between sensitivity, breast nursing, brain laterality and risk of breast cancer is controverse in the literature. In order to clarify whether these parameters are related to the presence of breast cancer, we assessed 100 following women with this neoplasm. Most of women were white (61%), followed by black (30%) and coloured (9%). Previous pregnancies were related by 75% of patients, but 62 women had abortions. Breast nursing was affered by 66 of them, that preferred to nurse by the left breast (25), right breast (13) or indifferently (28). This preference is related to comfort. A relation between side of the cancer and breast sensitivity seems to occur. In conclusion, multiple pregnancies, long period-nursing or brain laterality did not protect women against breast cancer.