RESUMEN
Spondias tuberosa Arruda (Anacardiaceae), popularly known as umbuzeiro or imbuzeiro, is a fruit tree native to the semiarid region of Brazil. The extractive harvesting of its fruits contributes significantly to the economy, generating an annual revenue of approximately $4,2 million. The present study aimed to assess the spatial pattern, allometric variations, fruit measurements, and genetic diversity of trees within a remaining forest of the Caatinga biome, with a focus on intrapopulation analysis. We used intersimple repeated sequence markers and the second-order function density of neighbours to determine the genetic and spatial structure. The density of neighbours was highest within a 10-meter radius. Biometric analyses revealed average fruit lengths of 31.12 mm (±0.22), diameters of 28.68 mm (±0.25), and fresh masses of 15.56 g (±0.33). Diaspores exhibited an average length, diameter, and thickness of 19.27 mm, 13.95 mm, and 11.14 mm, respectively, with a fresh mass of 2.28 g. Notably, the fresh mass demonstrated the highest coefficient of variation. Ten molecular markers were selected, generating 103 highly polymorphic loci (99.03%) with an average informative content of 0.45. Nei's diversity index (0.37) and Shannon's index (0.55) indicated moderate genetic diversity. Furthermore, Bayesian analysis revealed a population structure with two distinct genetic groups. The Infinite Allele and Mutation Step Models suggested a significant historical decline in population size, indicative of a genetic bottleneck. As a result, proactive in situ conservation strategies, including establishing protected natural areas, become essential, considering the socioeconomic significance of the species. Additionally, it is recommended to establish germplasm banks for ex situ conservation and the development of managed cultivation initiatives to reduce the pressure on native populations of S. tuberosa caused by extraction.
RESUMEN
PURPOSE: To determine the influence of low-level laser therapy on femoral growth plate in rats. METHODS: Thirty male Wistar rats aged 40 days were divided into two groups, G1 and G2. In G1 the area of the distal growth plate of the right femur was irradiated at one point using GaAlAs laser 830 nm wavelength, output power of 40 mW, at an energy density of 10 J/cm(2). The irradiation was performed daily for a maximum of 21 days. The same procedure was done in G2, but the probe was turned off. Five animals in each group were euthanized on days 7, 14 and 21 and submitted to histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS: In both groups the growth plate was radiographically visible at all moments from both craniocaudal and mediolateral views. On the 21st day percentage of femoral longitudinal length was higher in G2 than G1 compared to basal value while hypertrophic zone chondrocyte numbers were higher in G1 than G2. Calcified cartilage zone was greater in G1 than in G2 at all evaluation moments. Angiogenesis was higher in G1 than in G2 at 14th and 21st days. CONCLUSION: The low-level laser therapy negatively influenced the distal femoral growth plate.
Asunto(s)
Desarrollo Óseo/efectos de la radiación , Fémur/efectos de la radiación , Placa de Crecimiento/efectos de la radiación , Terapia por Luz de Baja Intensidad/efectos adversos , Animales , Condrocitos/efectos de la radiación , Fémur/crecimiento & desarrollo , Placa de Crecimiento/crecimiento & desarrollo , Masculino , Modelos Animales , Neovascularización Fisiológica/efectos de la radiación , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To determine the influence of low-level laser therapy on femoral growth plate in rats. METHODS: Thirty male Wistar rats aged 40 days were divided into two groups, G1 and G2. In G1 the area of the distal growth plate of the right femur was irradiated at one point using GaAlAs laser 830 nm wavelength, output power of 40 mW, at an energy density of 10 J/cm². The irradiation was performed daily for a maximum of 21 days. The same procedure was done in G2, but the probe was turned off. Five animals in each group were euthanized on days 7, 14 and 21 and submitted to histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS: In both groups the growth plate was radiographically visible at all moments from both craniocaudal and mediolateral views. On the 21st day percentage of femoral longitudinal length was higher in G2 than G1 compared to basal value while hypertrophic zone chondrocyte numbers were higher in G1 than G2. Calcified cartilage zone was greater in G1 than in G2 at all evaluation moments. Angiogenesis was higher in G1 than in G2 at 14th and 21st days. CONCLUSION: The low-level laser therapy negatively influenced the distal femoral growth plate.
OBJETIVO: Determinar a influência do Laser Terapêutico de Baixa Potência sobre a placa de crescimento de ratos. MÉTODOS: Trinta ratos Wistar machos com 40 dias de idade foram divididos em dois grupos, G1 e G2. O grupo G1 foi submetido à irradiação com laser GaAlAs 830 nm, potência de saída de 40 mW, e densidade de energia de 10 J/cm2. A irradiação foi aplicada diariamente por um período máximo de 21 dias. O mesmo procedimento foi realizado no grupo G2, com a probe desativada. Cinco animais em cada grupo foram sacrificados nos dias 7, 14 e 21 e submetidas à análise histomorfométrica. RESULTADOS: Em ambos os grupos, o disco fisário esteve radiograficamente visível em todos os momentos nas incidências craniocaudal e médio-lateral. No 21º dia a porcentagem de comprimento longitudinal do fêmur foi maior em G1 que em G2 em relação ao valor basal, e o número de condrócitos da zona hipertrófica foi maior em G1 que em G2. A zona de cartilagem calcificada estava maior em G1 em relação a G2 em todos os momentos de avaliação. A angiogênese foi maior em G1 que em G2 nos 14º e 21º dias. CONCLUSÃO: A terapia com laser terapêutico de baixa potência influenciou negativamente o disco fisário distal do fêmur de ratos.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Desarrollo Óseo/efectos de la radiación , Fémur/efectos de la radiación , Placa de Crecimiento/efectos de la radiación , Terapia por Luz de Baja Intensidad/efectos adversos , Condrocitos/efectos de la radiación , Fémur/crecimiento & desarrollo , Placa de Crecimiento/crecimiento & desarrollo , Modelos Animales , Neovascularización Fisiológica/efectos de la radiación , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas Wistar , Factores de TiempoAsunto(s)
Arecaceae/genética , Árboles/genética , Arecaceae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Arecaceae/fisiología , Brasil , Variación Genética , Hojas de la Planta/genética , Hojas de la Planta/fisiología , Densidad de Población , Reproducción , Árboles/crecimiento & desarrollo , Árboles/fisiología , Clima TropicalRESUMEN
Estudos de biometria de frutos e sementes são importantes para o entendimento da variabilidade existente nas espécies nativas. Apesar da importância ecológica e econômica de Talisia esculenta, não se conhecem as características biométricas dos frutos e não há informações sobre a emergência das plântulas. Objetivou-se caracterizar fisicamente frutos e sementes e estudar os efeitos do armazenamento sobre a emergência das plântulas. Analisou-se a biometria de 260 frutos e sementes. A emergência de plântulas foi avaliada a partir de sementes recém-coletadas e armazenadas por 15, 30 e 60 dias. As médias de massa de matéria fresca, comprimento e diâmetro dos frutos foram, respectivamente, 15,02 g, 32,59 mm e 26,33 mm e para as sementes 4,49 g, 25,08 mm e 13,62 mm. A massa de matéria fresca do fruto foi proporcional à quantidade de polpa (rS = 0,826; P < 0,05), indicando potencial para a seleção e melhoramento genético da espécie. A emergência das plântulas de Talisia esculenta obtidas de sementes recém-colhidas foi de 88 por cento. As sementes possuem longevidade curta, com ausência de germinação após 30 e 60 dias de armazenamento.
Studies of biometrical characteristics of fruits and seeds are important to understand the variability of native species. In spite of the ecological and economical importance of Talisia esculenta, the biometrical characteristics of fruits and information about seedling emergence are unknown. The aim of this paper was to characterize fruits and seeds biometrically and to determine the effects of storage on seedling emergence. The biometry of 260 fruits and seeds was analyzed. The seedling emergence of newly-collected seeds and after 15, 30, and 60 days of storage was evaluated. The means for the fruits fresh mass, length, and diameter were, respectively, 15.02 g, 32.59 mm, and 26.33 mm and for the seeds 4.49 g, 25.08 mm, and 13.62 mm. The fresh mass of the fruit was proportional to the pulp amount (rS = 0.826; P < 0.05). These values indicated the potential for the selection and genetic improvement of the species. The seedling emergence of newly-collected seeds was 88 percent. The seeds of Talisia esculenta have a short viability period, with absence of germination at 30 and 60 days of storage.