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BACKGROUND: The female body changes during pregnancy to create a favorable environment for fetal development which may result in musculoskeletal disorder and painful symptoms in the lumbopelvic region. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the evidence of therapeutic exercise versus other modalities to prevent and treat LBP, LGP, and LPP during pregnancy. METHODS: Full text randomized controlled trials (RCT) evaluating interventions to prevent or treat LBP, PGP, and LPP during pregnancy (any gestational age) that comparing therapeutic exercises with usual care or other modalities to reduce the incidence or severity of LBP or PGP or both during pregnancy will be included. 5 electronic databases will be searched to identify studies. Assess risk of bias in each study using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and quality of overall body of evidence for all primary outcomes will be assessed for all comparisons using the approach outlined in GRADE Handbook.

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Some respiratory muscles work in synergy with the pelvic floor (PF). Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is characterized by weak PF muscles and has been associated with worse pulmonary ventilation function in women. To date no studies have investigated the association between respiratory muscle strength and POP. This study aimed to determine whether symptomatic POP is associated with respiratory muscle strength in middle-aged and older women. In this observational cross-sectional study, 204 community-dwelling women (41-80 years old) from Santa Cruz (Northeastern Brazil) provided information on socioeconomic characteristics, health behavior, reproductive history and symptomatic POP via a structured questionnaire. A digital manometer was used to measure their maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP and MEP). Multiple linear regression analyses, adjusted for covariates (age, income, education, body mass index, and smoking), evaluated the association between POP and MIP/MEP. The results show that 14.7% of the sample reported symptomatic POP. These women exhibited lower mean MIP and MEP than those reporting no POP, but the intergroup difference was only significant for MEP (p = .01). The association between POP and MEP remained statistically significant, even after covariates (ß = 11.9, p = .04) were adjusted. Symptomatic POP is associated with expiratory muscle strength in middle-aged and older women. This innovative research provides important information regarding the need to evaluate the integrity of PF muscles when assessing respiratory muscle strength, which may help clinicians devise preventive and treatment strategies to improve women's health during the aging process.

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Abstract Introduction: The emergence of painful pathologies during gestation, such as lumbopelvic pain (LPP), can influence in the achievement of functional activities, such as sit-to-stand, throughout the gestational period. Objective: To compare the variables of static and dynamic postural balance (sit-to-stand activity) among pregnant women with and whitout lumbopelvic pain and the outcome variables between the gestational trimesters. Method: A total of 100 pregnant women participated in this study allocated as follows: 51 in the LPP group and 49 in the group without LPP. All participants were subjected to an evaluation protocol: filling an identification form, Analogic Visual Scale (AVS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Evaluation of postural balance was subsequently performed using the Balance Master System®. Results: 64.7% of women during the third trimester of pregnancy reported LPP. No statistically significant differences were found between LBP presence or absence in postural balance variables (p>0.05). However, gestational age influenced the VFEC variable (p=0.001). Conclusion: Women during the third gestational trimester presented complaints of lumbopelvic pain. However, the data acquired suggest that women with LPP do not have alterations in postural balance during sit-to-stand movement when compared to pregnant women without pain.

Resumo Introdução: O surgimento de patologias dolorosas na gestação, como a dor lombopélvica (DLP), podem influenciar na realização de atividades funcionais, como o sentar-levantar, ao longo do período gestacional. Objetivo: Comparar as variáveis do equilíbrio postural estático e dinâmico (atividade do sentar-levantar) entre gestantes com e sem dor lombopélvica e as variáveis-desfecho entre os trimestres gestacionais. Método: Participaram desse estudo 100 mulheres grávidas alocadas da seguinte maneira: 51 gestantes no grupo com DLP e 49 gestantes no grupo sem DLP. Todas as participantes foram submetidas ao protocolo de avaliação: preenchimento de ficha de identificação, Escala Visual Analógica (EVA) e Oswestry Disability Índex (OII), seguido da avaliação do equilíbrio postural por meio do Balance Master System ® . Resultados: 64,7% das mulheres no terceiro trimestre gestacional relataram DLP. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre a presença/ausência da DLP nas variáveis do equilíbrio postural (p>0,05). Contudo, observou-se diferença estatística ao analisar a idade gestacional na variável velocidade de oscilação em superfície firme de olhos fechados (VFOF) (p=0,001). Conclusão: Mulheres no terceiro trimestre gestacional apresentam queixas de dor lombopélvica. Entretanto, os dados obtidos sugerem que mulheres com DLP não tem alteração no equilíbrio postural durante o movimento sentar-levantar quando comparadas a gestantes sem dor.

Resumen Introducción: El surgimento de patologias dolorosas em la gestación, como el dolor lombopélvico (DLP), puede influir em la realización de atividades funcionales, como el sentarse, durante el embarazo. Objetivo: Comparar las variables delequilibrio postural estático y dinâmico (actividad del sentar-levantar) entre gestantes com y sin dolor lombopélvico y las varibles desenlace entre los trimestres gestacionales. Método: Participaron de esse estúdio 100 mujeres embarazadas assignadas de la siguiente manera: 51 gestantes en el grupo com DLP y 49 gestantes en el grupo sin DLP. Todas las participantes fueron sometidas al protocolo de evaluación: llenado de ficha de identificación, Escala Visual Analógica (EVA) y Oswestry Disability Índex (OII),seguido de la evaluación del equilíbrio postural através del Balance Master System ® . Resultados: 64,7% de las mujeres en el tercer trimestre gestacional informaron DLP. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la presencia/ausência de la DLP em las variables del equilíbrio postural (p>0,05). Sin embargo, se observo diferencia estadística al analizar la edad gestacional em la variable velocidade de oscilación en superfície firme de ojos cerrados (VFOC) (p=0,001). Conclusión: Las mujeres en el tercer trimestre gestacional presentan quejas de dolor lombopélvico. Sin embargo, los datos obtenidos sugieren que las mujeres com DLP no tienen alteración em el equilíbrio postural durante el movimento sentarse cuando se comparan a las gestantes sin dolor.

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OBJECTIVE: Previous studies show that multiparity and a number of chronic conditions are correlated among women. Also, low respiratory muscle strength has been associated to adverse health outcomes such as chronic lung disease and early mortality. This study aimed to investigate associations between the number of lifetime pregnancies and maximal inspiratory/expiratory pressures. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 204 women ages 41-80 years-old, from the rural community of Santa Cruz, Brazil, provided data regarding demographics, socioeconomic characteristics, health behaviors, and number of lifetime pregnancies (≤3, 4-6 or ≥7). Maximal respiratory pressures were measured with a digital manometer. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the association of multiple childbearing on maximal respiratory pressures. RESULTS: Of the participants, 44.1% had ≤3 pregnancies, 30.4% had 4-6 pregnancies and 25.5% had >7 pregnancies. In the unadjusted analyses, maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures varied significantly according to multiple childbearing categories. After adjustment, the values remained statistically significant only for maximal expiratory pressure. Compared to women with ≤3 lifetime pregnancies, those who had ≥7 pregnancies had significantly lower maximal expiratory pressure values (ß = -18.07, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Multiple childbearing appears to be negatively associated with maximal respiratory pressures; women with a higher number of lifetime pregnancies had lower values of maximal respiratory pressures when compared to those with fewer pregnancies. This association may be due to biomechanical changes in the respiratory muscles promoted by multiple lifetime pregnancies. This finding indicates a need to motivate women, from the prenatal to postpartum period, to safely exercise their respiratory muscles, including abdominal muscle exercises as well as respiratory muscle training.

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The various gestational adaptations may lead to changes in the gait pattern. Also, the lumbopelvic pain in this period can impact the gait dynamics. The objective of this study was to compare gait variables between pregnant women with and without lumbopelvic pain, according to the gestational trimesters, and to compare the outcome variables between the second and third gestational trimesters. METHODS: Analytical and cross-sectional study with 277 pregnant women. They were divided into two groups, considering the gestational trimester as a grouping factor. Subsequently, the two groups were subdivided considering the absence or presence of lumbopelvic pain. All participants were submitted to the evaluation protocol: identification form, visual analog scale, and gait assessment using the Balance Master System®. RESULTS: The chronological age averages of the second and third-trimester groups were, respectively, 29.9±4.6 and 29.7±3.7 years. When comparing gait variables between pregnant women with and without lumbopelvic pain, a statistically significant difference was observed only for the gait velocity (p=0.04) in the third-trimester group. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that women in the third trimester with complaints of lumbopelvic pain have reduced gait velocity when compared to those without pain.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: As diversas adaptações decorrentes da gestação podem levar a modificações no padrão da marcha. A queixa de dor lombopélvica nesse período pode repercutir na dinâmica da marcha. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as variáveis da marcha entre gestantes com e sem dor lombopélvica, respeitando os trimestres gestacionais, e comparar as variáveis-desfecho entre o segundo e o terceiro trimestre gestacionais. MÉTODOS: Estudo do tipo analítico e transversal com 277 gestantes alocadas em dois grupos, considerando o trimestre gestacional como fator de agrupamento. Posteriormente, os dois grupos foram subdivididos considerando a ausência ou presença de dor lombopélvica. Todas as participantes foram submetidas ao protocolo de avaliação: preenchimento de ficha de identificação, escala analógica visual e avaliação da marcha por meio do Balance Master System®. RESULTADOS: As médias da idade cronológica para o grupo do segundo e terceiro trimestres foram, respectivamente, entre 29,9±4,6 e 29,7±3,7 anos. Ao comparar as variáveis da marcha entre gestantes com e sem dor lombopélvica foi observada diferença estatisticamente significativa, apenas para a velocidade da marcha (p=0,04), no grupo do terceiro trimestre. CONCLUSÃO: Sugere-se que mulheres no terceiro trimestre com queixas de dor lombopélvica apresentam redução da velocidade da marcha, quando comparadas àquelas sem dor.

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Abstract Introduction: Brazil presents high C-section prevalence rates. Several factors may be associated with such high rates. Objective: To observe and analyze factors associated with the prevalence of cesarean sections in Brazil, according to their occurrence in Brazilian regions. Methods: An ecological study, having C-section as the outcome, from 1990 to 2013, in Brazilian regions, using data from the Brazilian National Health Survey, 2013. Records of women in their reproductive period, aged between 18 and 49 years, were included, totaling a sample of 16,175 women. Descriptive and bivariate analysis was carried out with logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of cesarean sections in Brazil was 53.03%. Vaginal delivery was more prevalent in the North (52.74%) and Northeast (51.06%) regions, while C-section was more prevalent in the Southeast (59.32%), South (56.96%) and Midwest (61.48%) regions. Over the years, an increased probability of cesarean sections was observed, particularly in the following regions: Northeast (2.21 times more, CI95%: 1,42 - 3,46) and South (2.75 times more, CI95%: 1,44 - 5,23). Women with higher levels of education are 2.05 times (CI95%: 1.27 - 3.30) more likely to have a C-section, especially those in the Northern and Southern regions. In the Northeast, this probability increased, regardless of the level of education. Conclusion: The prevalence of cesarean sections in Brazil is high and, over the years, factors such as level of education, maternal age and having health insurance, seem to contribute to the increase in surgical deliveries.

Resumo Introdução: O Brasil apresenta altos níveis de prevalência de partos cesáreas. Vários fatores podem estar associados a essas taxas elevadas. Objetivo: Observar e analisar fatores associados à prevalência de cesáreas no Brasil, de acordo com a ocorrência nas regiões brasileiras. Métodos: Estudo ecológico, cujo desfecho é o parto cesáreo, na série histórica de 1990 a 2013, no contexto das regiões brasileiras, com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2013. Foram incluídos registros de mulheres em período reprodutivo, com idade entre 18 e 49 anos, totalizando 16.175 mulheres na amostra. Foi realizada a análise descritiva e bivariada, com a regressão logística. Resultados: A prevalência de partos cesarianos no Brasil foi de 53,03%. O parto vaginal foi mais prevalente nas regiões Norte (52,74%) e Nordeste (51,06%), enquanto o parto cesáreo nas regiões Sudeste (59,32%), Sul (56,96%) e Centro Oeste (61,48%). Com o passar dos anos, foi evidenciado um aumento na probabilidade de ter parto cesárea, principalmente nas regiões Nordeste (2,21 vezes mais, IC95: 1.42 - 3.46) e Sul (2,75 vezes mais, IC95: 1.44 - 5.23). Mulheres com maiores níveis de escolaridade têm 2,05 vezes (IC95%: 1.27 - 3.30) mais chances de ter um parto cesárea, com destaque as das regiões Norte e Sul. No Nordeste, esta probabilidade aumentou, independentemente do nível de escolaridade. Conclusão: A prevalência de cesáreas no Brasil é alta e, com o passar dos anos, fatores como grau de escolaridade, idade materna e ter plano de saúde parecem contribuir para o aumento dos partos cirúrgicos.

Resumen Introducción: Brasil presenta altos niveles de prevalencia de partos cesáreas. Varios factores pueden estar asociados a estas altas tasas. Objetivo: Observar y analizar factores asociados a la prevalencia de cesáreas en Brasil, de acuerdo con la ocurrencia en las regiones brasileñas. Métodos: Estudio ecológico, cuyo desenlace es el parto cesáreo, en la serie histórica de 1990 a 2013, en el contexto de las regiones brasileñas, con datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud, 2013. Se incluyeron registros de mujeres en período reproductivo, con edad entre 18 y 49 años, totalizando 16.175 mujeres en la muestra. Se realizó el análisis descriptivo y bivariado, con la regresión logística. Resultados: La prevalencia de partos cesarianos en Brasil fue del 53,03%. El parto vaginal fue más prevalente en las regiones Norte (52,74%) y Nordeste (51,06%), mientras que el parto cesáreo en las regiones Sudeste (59,32%), Sur (56,96%) y Centro Oeste (61, 48%). Con el paso de los años, se evidenció un aumento en la probabilidad de tener parto cesárea, principalmente en las regiones: Nordeste (2,21 veces más, IC95: 1.42 - 3.46) y Sur (2,75 veces más, IC95: 1.44 - 5.23). Las mujeres con mayores niveles de escolaridad tienen 2,05 veces (IC95%: 1.27 - 3.30) más posibilidades de tener un parto cesáreo, con destaque las de las regiones Norte y Sur. En el Nordeste, esta probabilidad aumentó, independientemente del nivel de escolaridad. Conclusión: La prevalencia de cesáreas en Brasil es alta y, con el paso de los años, factores como grado de escolaridad, edad materna y tener plan de salud, parecen contribuir al aumento de los partos quirúrgicos.

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RESUMO Este estudo observacional, quantitativo e transversal teve por objetivo avaliar a função sexual e comparar a qualidade de vida e independência funcional entre indivíduos acometidos por acidente vascular encefálico (AVE) sexualmente ativos e inativos. Estes foram previamente contatados por telefone e tiveram suas avaliações agendadas de acordo com sua conveniência. Realizou-se a aplicação de uma ficha de avaliação contendo dados sociodemográficos, hábitos de vida, saúde referida e função sexual, além do questionário abreviado de avaliação de qualidade de vida WHOQOL e da escala de medida de independência funcional. Ao avaliar 29 indivíduos, observou-se que 48,3% eram sexualmente ativos. Destes, 64,3% eram do sexo masculino e 35,7% do sexo feminino. A maioria da amostra relatou diminuição da atividade sexual após a doença (64,3%); 60% das mulheres apresentou disfunção sexual pelo quociente sexual - versão feminina -, e 77,7% dos homens apresentou disfunção erétil, avaliada pelo Índice Internacional de Função Erétil. Observou-se que os indivíduos ativos sexualmente apresentavam melhor qualidade de vida relativa ao domínio físico (p=0,035) e maior independência funcional motora (p=0,005) e cognitiva (p=0,006) quando comparados aos indivíduos que não praticavam atividade sexual. Concluiu-se que uma parcela significativa dos pacientes continua ativa sexualmente e que a prática de atividade sexual esteve associada à independência cognitiva e motora.

RESUMEN Este estudio de tipo observacional, cuantitativo, transversal tiene el objetivo de analizar la función sexual y comparar la calidad de vida y la independencia funcional entre los sujetos sexualmente activos e inactivos, acometidos por accidente cerebrovascular. Se contactaron a los sujetos por teléfono y se agendó una cita con ellos según la disponibilidad. Se les aplicó a los participantes una encuesta de evaluación para conocer sus datos sociodemográficos, hábitos de vida, salud y función sexual, además del cuestionario abreviado de la evaluación de la calidad de vida Whoqol-Bref y la escala de la medida de independencia funcional. De los 29 sujetos evaluados un 48,3% eran sexualmente activos. De estos, un 64,3% son hombres y un 35,7% mujeres. La mayoría de los participantes informaron que hubo una disminución de la actividad sexual tras la enfermedad (64,3%), un 60% de las mujeres presentaron disfunción sexual por el coeficiente sexual -versión femenina, y un 77,7% de los hombres presentaron disfunción eréctil, evaluada por el Índice internacional de función eréctil. Los sujetos sexualmente activos presentaron una mejor calidad de vida referente al dominio físico (p=0,035), una mayor independencia funcional motora (p=0,005) y cognitiva (p=0,006) en comparación a los que no tenían actividad sexual. Se concluye que gran parte de estos sujetos mantienen una vida sexual activa y que hay asociación entre la práctica de la actividad sexual a la independencia cognitiva y motora.

ABSTRACT This observational, quantitative and cross-sectional study aimed to assess the sexual function and compare the quality of life and functional independence among individuals, affected by cerebrovascular accident (CVA), sexually active and inactive. Individuals were previously contacted by telephone and scheduled at their convenience. We applied an assessment form containing demographic data, life habits, self-reported health and sexual function, in addition to the WHOQOL questionnaire for the evaluation of quality of life and scale of measure of functional independence. When assessing 29 individuals, we found that 48.3% were sexually active. Among them, 64.3 individuals were male and 35.7 were female. Most of the sample reported decreased sexual activity after the stroke (64.3%), 60% of women have sexual dysfunction through female sexual quotient, and 77.7% of men have erectile dysfunction, evaluated by the International Index of Erectile Function. We observed that sexually active individuals had better quality of life on the physical domain (p=0.035), greater functional (p=0.005) and cognitive (p=0.006) motor independence when compared with individuals who were not sexually active. We concluded that a significant portion of patients remain sexually active and that sexual activity was associated with cognitive and motor independence.

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AIMS: Changes resulting from the gestational period may lead to changes in the biomechanics of women, which can alter the performance of functional activities such as sit-to-stand. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the influence of a virtual reality-based exercise protocol on the kinematic variables of the sit-to-stand movement in women in their second and third gestational trimesters. METHODS: The sample consisted of 44 women selected according to the eligibility criteria, allocated into 4 groups: control group, 2nd trimester (CG2T); experimental group, 2nd trimester (EG2T); control group, 3rd trimester (CG3T); and experimental group, 3rd trimester (EG3T). All the volunteers answered the identification and evaluation form and were sent to the kinematic evaluation through the Qualisys Motion Capture System®. An intervention with game therapy was performed in 12 sessions of 30 minutes each, three times a week. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found intra- (P> 0.54) and inter-groups (P> 0.059) for kinematic variables. However, there was a tendency for improvement in the analyzed variables after the proposed protocol. CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained suggest that the use of the Nintendo Wii Fit Plus® was not able to influence sit-to-stand kinematic variables in the analyzed women.(AU)

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Abstract Introduction: During pregnancy women undergo several transformations, which promote changes in their gravity center (GC) and can result in postural and balance changes. Objective: To evaluate the influence of Nintendo WiiFit Plus® on postural balance and quality of life of pregnant women in the third trimester. Methods: 250 pregnant women enrolled through a non-probabilistic sampling process. The sample consisted of 32 women selected according to the eligibility criteria (nulliparity; low-risk pregnancy, absence of musculoskeletal disorders or surgical procedures in the spine, pelvis, hip or knee), musculoskeletal disorders, allocated as follows: 17 pregnant women in the control group (CG) and 15 pregnant women in the experimental group (EG). The intervention was performed in 12 sessions of 30 minutes each, three times a week. Sociodemographic and obstetric data were presented as median and interquartile range (25% - 75%). A comparison of the relative values of variables before and after the exercise program was performed using the 2x2 ANOVA test (5% significance level). Results: There were no significant statistical differences in variables related to postural balance (P > 0.06) and quality of life (P > 0.13). Conclusion: The use of Nintendo WiiFit Plus games was not able to promote improvement in postural balance and quality of life of the pregnant women studied.

Resumo Introdução: Durante a gravidez as mulheres passam por várias transformações, que promovem mudanças no seu centro de gravidade (CG) e pode resultar em alterações posturais e de equilíbrio. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência da Nintendo Wii Fit Plus® no equilíbrio postural e qualidade de vida das mulheres grávidas no terceiro trimestre. Métodos: 250 gestantes cadastradas através de um processo de amostragem do tipo não-probabilística. A amostra foi composta por 32 mulheres selecionadas de acordo com os critérios de elegibilidade (nuliparas, gestação de baixo risco, ausência de disfunções musculoesqueléticas ou cirurgia na coluna vertebral, pelve, quadril ou joelho) alocadas da seguinte maneira: 17 gestantes no grupo controle (GC) e 15 gestantes no grupo experimental (GE). A intervenção foi realizada em 12 sessões de 30 minutos cada, três vezes por semana. Os dados sociodemográficos e obstétricos foram apresentados como mediana e interquartil (25% - 75%). Uma comparação entre os valores relativos das variáveis antes e depois do programa de exercícios foi realizada utilizando o teste ANOVA 2x2 (nível de significância de 5%). Resultados: A mediana gestacional e idade cronológica foram, respectivamente, 30,50 (27,2 - 32,0) anos e 28,5 (27,7 - 30,0) semanas. Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas variáveis relacionadas ao equilíbrio postural (P > 0,06) e qualidade de vida (P > 0,13). Conclusões: O uso de jogos Nintendo Wii Fit Plus não foi capaz de promover a melhora no equilíbrio e qualidade de vida das gestantes estudadas postural.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Physical activity during pregnancy provides countless benefits to pregnant women and results in a smaller number of falls during pregnancy. Thus, this study aims to verify the influence of physical activity and test conditions on the static and dynamic balance of pregnant women. METHODOLOGY The study was an analytical, transversal, and comparative study with a sample of 99 pregnant women divided into two groups, with physical activity as the grouping factor. The evaluation included questions about the type and frequency of physical activity and investigation of postural balance (Balance Master System(r)). For statistical analysis, we used the following tests: Shapiro Wilk, Mann-Whitney, ANOVA One Way and Wilcoxon. RESULTS No relationship was found between physical activity and postural balance (F > 0.40, P > 0.07). However, the test conditions alter the sway velocity (P = 0.001) and directional control movement (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that: (1) physical activity does not influence variables related to postural balance in active and sedentary pregnant women; and (2) postural sway velocity and directional control of movement are related to the test conditions used during balance evaluation.

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[Purpose] The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of parity, type of delivery, and physical activity level on pelvic floor muscles in postmenopausal women. [Subjects and Methods] This was an observational analytic cross-sectional study with a sample of 100 postmenopausal women, aged between 45 and 65 years, divided into three groups according to menopausal stage: hysterectomized and early and late postmenopause. Patients were assessed for sociodemographic and gyneco-obstetric factors and subjected to a muscle strength test and perineometry. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and multiple regression were applied. [Results] The results showed homogeneity in sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics. There was no difference in pelvic floor muscle function among the three groups. Type of delivery, parity and physical activity level showed no influence on muscle function. [Conclusion] The findings demonstrate that parity, type of delivery, and physical activity level had no influence on pelvic floor muscle pressure in postmenopausal women. One hypothesis to explain these results is the fact that the decline in muscle function in postmenopausal women is related to the female aging process.

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PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between sexual function and quality of life in pregnant women living in two cities of Northeastern Brazil. METHODS: The sample consisted of 207 pregnant women. The data were collected through a questionnaire containing questions about socio-demographic, gynecological and obstetrical data, body and sexual knowledge. Quality of life was assessed by applying the Ferrans & Powers Quality of Life Index (QLI Ferrans and Power). Sexual function was assessed using the Female Sexual Function Index (IFSF). Data were statistically analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests. RESULTS: The pregnant women studied had a median age of 30 years (quartile 26-33 years) and were approximately at the 26th gestational week. A significant decrease in the monthly frequency of sexual relations of the couple was observed, with a median of 12 to 4 times per month (Z=-10.56; p<0.001). Sexual dysfunction was detected in 35.7% of the pregnant women studied, whose quality of life was lower when compared to women with unchanged sexual function (Z=-2.9; p=0.004). CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that sexual dysfunction negatively affected the quality of life of pregnant women, and this should be an important aspect for review during prenatal consultations.

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Introduction Pregnancy is characterized by several changes in her body. These changes contribute to the emergence of low back pain, which may influence the quality of sleep during pregnancy. Objective To compare the quality of sleep among pregnant women with and without low back pain during pregnancy, examining the relationship between two variables. Materials methods Thirty volunteers aged between 19 and 36 years, divided into control group (CG – n = 16) and Study Group (SG – n = 14), residents in the cities of Natal, were evaluated in the second trimester of pregnancy. To sleep evaluation were used to index the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Low back pain was evaluated using the pressure algometer, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index. Statistical analysis used the Shapiro Wilk test, Student’s T test for independent samples and Pearson correlation test. Results The mean gestational and chronological ages were 28.2 ± 3.4 years and 19.9 ± 3.7 weeks, respectively. Sleep quality was lower in SG (8.21 ± 4.8) when compared to CG (5.94 ± 1.7) and was statistically significant (P = 0.021). Analyzing the relationship between sleep quality and pain intensity, it was observed that the variables have a positive correlation between them (r = 0.372, P = 0.043). Conclusion Our findings indicate that sleep quality is decreased in women with low back pain compared to those without pain. .

Introdução A gravidez caracteriza-se por diversas mudanças no corpo da mulher. Essas alterações contribuem para o surgimento da dor lombar, que pode influenciar a qualidade do sono durante a gestação. Objetivo Comparar a qualidade do sono entre mulheres grávidas com e sem dor lombar gestacional, analisando a relação entre as duas variáveis. Materiais e métodos Trinta voluntárias com faixa etária entre 19 e 36 anos, divididas em grupo controle (GC, sem lombalgia – n = 16) e grupo de estudo (GE, lombalgia – n = 14), residentes nos municípios da Grande Natal, foram avaliadas no segundo trimestre de gestação. Para a avaliação do sono foram utilizados o Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh e a Escala de Sonolência de Epworth. A dor lombar foi avaliada utilizando-se o algômetro de pressão, a Escala Visual Analógica (EVA) e o Oswestry Disability Index. Na análise estatística, utilizou-se o teste de Shapiro Wilk, Teste T de Student para amostras independentes e o teste de correlação de Pearson. Resultados A média das idades cronológica e gestacional foram 28,2 ± 3,4 e 19,9 ± 3,7 semanas, respectivamente. A qualidade do sono foi menor no GE (8,21 ± 4,8) quando comparado ao GC (5,94 ± 1,7), sendo estatisticamente significativa (P = 0,021). Analisando-se a relação entre qualidade do sono e intensidade dolorosa, observou-se que as variáveis apresentam uma correlação positiva entre si (r = 0,372; P = 0,043). Conclusão Os achados deste estudo indicam que a qualidade do sono encontra-se diminuída em gestantes com lombalgia quando comparadas àquelas sem dor lombar. .

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OBJETIVO: Investigar a relação entre função sexual e qualidade de vida em mulheres grávidas, residentes em duas cidades do Nordeste. MÉTODOS: A amostra constituiu-se de 207 gestantes. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio da aplicação de questionário contendo questões sobre dados sociodemográficos, ginecológicos e obstétricos, conhecimento corporal e sexual. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada através da aplicação do Índice de Qualidade de Vida Ferrans & Powers (IQV Ferrans e Power). A função sexual foi avaliada por meio do Índice de Função Sexual Feminina (IFSF). Foram realizados os testes estatísticos de Shapiro-Wilk, Mann-Whitney e Wilcoxon para análise dos dados coletados. RESULTADOS: As gestantes avaliadas apresentaram idade mediana de 30 anos (quartil 26-33 anos) e estavam aproximadamente na 26a semana gestacional. Observou-se diminuição significativa da frequência mensal do relacionamento sexual do casal, que passou de uma mediana de 12 para 4 vezes por mês (Z =-10,56; p<0,001). A disfunção sexual se mostrou presente em 35,7% das gestantes avaliadas, e a qualidade de vida dessas foi inferior quando comparada àquelas com função sexual sem alteração (Z=-2,87; p=0,004). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados do presente estudo mostram que a disfunção sexual afetou negativamente a qualidade de vida de mulheres grávidas, devendo ser um aspecto relevante para ser avaliado durante as consultas de pré-natal. .

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between sexual function and quality of life in pregnant women living in two cities of Northeastern Brazil. METHODS: The sample consisted of 207 pregnant women. The data were collected through a questionnaire containing questions about socio-demographic, gynecological and obstetrical data, body and sexual knowledge. Quality of life was assessed by applying the Ferrans & Powers Quality of Life Index (QLI Ferrans and Power). Sexual function was assessed using the Female Sexual Function Index (IFSF). Data were statistically analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests. RESULTS: The pregnant women studied had a median age of 30 years (quartile 26-33 years) and were approximately at the 26th gestational week. A significant decrease in the monthly frequency of sexual relations of the couple was observed, with a median of 12 to 4 times per month (Z=-10.56; p<0.001). Sexual dysfunction was detected in 35.7% of the pregnant women studied, whose quality of life was lower when compared to women with unchanged sexual function (Z=-2.9; p=0.004). CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that sexual dysfunction negatively affected the quality of life of pregnant women, and this should be an important aspect for review during prenatal consultations. .

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Objetivo: Avaliar a influência da fisioterapia pré-operatória na amplitude de movimento do ombro e na medida de independência funcional em mulheres submetidas à mastectomia radical modificada com linfadenectomia axilar. Métodos: Foi realizado estudo piloto de um ensaio clínico randomizado com 14 mulheres que realizaram cirurgia de mastectomia radical com linfadenectomia axilar, divididas em grupo-controle (n=7) e grupo intervenção (n=7). As avaliações ocorreram no momento pré-operatório, no pós-operatório imediato (1° dia pós-operatório) e no pós-operatório tardio (15º dia pós-operatório), através de fichas de avaliação fisioterapêutica e aplicação do medida de independência funcional. Para o grupo intervenção, foi realizado atendimento fisioterapêutico pré-operatório, através de cinesioterapia do ombro. Para o grupo-controle, foram dadas somente informações através de cartilha como intervenção no pré-operatório. Resultados: A idade média das mulheres do grupo-controle foi de 61,1 (±14) e no grupo intervenção foi de 64,3 (±11,1) anos (p=0,65). Observou-se que o movimento de abdução do ombro apresentou maior déficit de amplitude de movimento para o grupo-controle. Com relação à medida de independência funcional, demonstrou-se uma diferença significativa (p<0,05) do escore no pré-operatório e no 15º dia de pós-operatório. Conclusão: A fisioterapia pré-operatória exerce papel fundamental na recuperação dos movimentos do ombro e maior independência funcional nas atividades de vida diárias do 1° dia pós-operatório ao 15° dia pós-operatório

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PURPOSE: to evaluate psychosocial adaptation to pregnancy by translating and cross-culturally adapting a specific assessment instrument to be used with Brazilian women. METHODS: this was a cross-sectional observational study. the translation and cross-cultural adaptation and of the Prenatal Self-evaluation Questionnaire (PSeQ) was performed following all the required methodological steps. another questionnaire was applied to characterize the sociodemographic and clinical status of the pregnant women (n=36). Statistical analysis consisted of the determination of the mean and standard deviation (SD) and of absolute and relative frequency. the statistical test used for the analysis of internal consistency was Cronbach's alpha coefficient, using SPSS version 17.0. RESULTS: the volunteers were of low socioeconomic status, aged on average 25.1 years ( 5.5), and had an average gestational age of 25.9 weeks ( 8.1). 58.3% of these volunteers had not planned their current pregnancy. the pretest showed that 75% of the pregnant women found the questionnaire easy to understand. Regarding the PSeQ instrument, the identification with the maternal role was the subcategory which showed the highest average, 24.8 ( 5.6), while the relationship with the mother had the lowest average 15.4 ( 7.7). the internal consistency ranged from 0.52 to 0.89. CONCLUSION: the assessment of psychosocial adaptation to pregnancy in pregnant women is very important during the progress of pregnancy and permits intervention through obstetric-neonatal actions of promotion and prevention regarding the well-being of mother and child.

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RESUMO OBJETIVO: avaliar a adaptação psicossocial na gravidez, por intermédio da tradução e adaptação de instrumento específico, para ser usado em gestantes brasileiras. MÉTODOS: estudo observacional de corte transversal. Foi realizada a tradução e adaptação transcultural do PSeQ (Prenatal Self-evaluation Questionnaire) seguindo todas as etapas metodológicas exigidas. aplicou-se um questionário contendo perguntas abertas e fechadas de forma a caracterizar os dados sócio-demográficos e clínicos das gestantes (n=36). a análise estatística constou de média, desvio padrão (DP), freqüência absoluta e relativa. Para análise da consistência interna utilizou-se o coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, por meio do SPSS versão 17.0. RESULTADOS: as voluntárias apresentaram baixo nível sócio-econômico, média de idade de 25,1 anos ( 5,5), idade gestacional média de 25,9 semanas ( 8,1). Destas, 58,3 por cento não haviam planejado a atual gravidez. O pré-teste mostrou que 75 por cento das gestantes consideraram o questionário de fácil entendimento. Quanto ao instrumento PSEQ, a identificação com o papel materno foi a sub-escala que apresentou maior média 24,8 ( 5,6), enquanto o relacionamento com a mãe apresentou a menor média 15,4 ( 7,7). a consistência interna variou entre 0,52-0,89. CONCLUSÃO:a avaliação psicossocial materna no pré-natal mostra-se importante no acompanhamento da progressão da gestação e permite a intervenção mediante ações de promoção e prevenção no bem-estar materno-infantil.

PURPOSE:to evaluate psychosocial adaptation to pregnancy by translating and cross-culturally adapting a specific assessment instrument to be used with Brazilian women. METHODS: this was a cross-sectional observational study. the translation and cross-cultural adaptation and of the Prenatal Self-evaluation Questionnaire (PSeQ) was performed following all the required methodological steps. another questionnaire was applied to characterize the sociodemographic and clinical status of the pregnant women (n=36). Statistical analysis consisted of the determination of the mean and standard deviation (SD) and of absolute and relative frequency. the statistical test used for the analysis of internal consistency was Cronbach's alpha coefficient, using SPSS version 17.0. RESULTS: the volunteers were of low socioeconomic status, aged on average 25.1 years ( 5.5), and had an average gestational age of 25.9 weeks ( 8.1). 58.3 percent of these volunteers had not planned their current pregnancy. the pretest showed that 75 percent of the pregnant women found the questionnaire easy to understand. Regarding the PSeQ instrument, the identification with the maternal role was the subcategory which showed the highest average, 24.8 ( 5.6), while the relationship with the mother had the lowest average 15.4 ( 7.7). the internal consistency ranged from 0.52 to 0.89. CONCLUSION: the assessment of psychosocial adaptation to pregnancy in pregnant women is very important during the progress of pregnancy and permits intervention through obstetric-neonatal actions of promotion and prevention regarding the well-being of mother and child.

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OBJETIVO: investigar a relação entre percepção da dor (limiar e tolerância à dor experimental em resposta à isquemia e à pressão) em mulheres jovens e saudáveis com os níveis séricos dos hormônios sexuais femininos (estradiol e progesterona). MÉTODOS: 18 voluntárias participaram deste estudo durante três ciclos menstruais consecutivos. Para mensuração das respostas dolorosas aos estímulos algésicos de pressão e isquemia, utilizaram-se um algômetro de pressão e dinamômetro manual, respectivamente. Foram realizadas coletas de sangue para dosagem hormonal e de variáveis dolorosas durante três ciclos menstruais consecutivos, os quais foram caracterizados com base no registro da temperatura oral diária, diário dos ciclos menstruais contendo início e fim de cada ciclo e nos níveis plasmáticos de estradiol e progesterona. As médias aferidas para as variáveis algésicas foram comparadas pela análise de variância (ANOVA) com pós-teste de Tukey-Kramer entre as fases do ciclo menstrual (folicular, periovulatória, luteal inicial, luteal tardia e menstrual). Para o estudo da correlação entre as variáveis algésicas e hormonais, utilizou-se o teste de Pearson. A significância estatística foi definida pelo limite p<0,05. RESULTADOS: não foram observadas variações significativas nos parâmetros de dor entre as fases do ciclo menstrual. Todavia, foram encontradas correlações negativas significativas entre progesterona e limiar isquêmico (r=-0,23; p<0,01) e tolerância à pressão (r=-0,23; p<0,01) na fase luteal inicial. CONCLUSÕES: estes resultados indicam que o aumento dos níveis de progesterona estão relacionados à diminuição do limiar isquêmico e da tolerância à pressão, sugerindo um papel da progesterona na modulação dolorosa durante a fase luteal inicial.

PURPOSE: to investigate the relationship between pain perception (experimental pain threshold and tolerance, in response to ischemia and pressure) in young and healthy young women and female sexual hormone seric levels (estradiol and progesterone). METHODS: 18 volunteers have participated of this study, during three consecutive menstrual cycles. A pressure algometer and a manual dynamometer have been used to measure painful responses to pressure and ischemia algesic stimuli. Blood has been collected for assessment of both hormonal and painful variables, during three menstrual cycles, whose characterization was based on daily oral temperature record, a diary of the menstrual cycles with the onset and end of each cycle, and on estradiol and progesterone plasmatic levels. The average for the algesic variables measured has been compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey-Kramer's post-test, among the menstrual cycle phases (follicular, periovulatory, early luteal, late luteal and menstrual). The Pearson's test has been used for correlation analysis between algesic and hormonal variables. Statistical significance has been defined as p<0.05. RESULTS: no significant change in pain parameters among the menstrual cycle phases has been observed. Nevertheless, there have been significant negative correlations between progesterone and ischemic threshold (r=-0.23; p<0.01), and pressure tolerance (r=-0.23; p<0.01) at the early luteal phase. CONCLUSIONS: these results indicate that the increase in progesterone levels correlates with a decrease of ischemic threshold and pressure tolerance, suggesting that progesterone plays a role in the pain modulation during the early luteal phase.

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PURPOSE: to investigate the relationship between pain perception (experimental pain threshold and tolerance, in response to ischemia and pressure) in young and healthy young women and female sexual hormone seric levels (estradiol and progesterone). METHODS: 18 volunteers have participated of this study, during three consecutive menstrual cycles. A pressure algometer and a manual dynamometer have been used to measure painful responses to pressure and ischemia algesic stimuli. Blood has been collected for assessment of both hormonal and painful variables, during three menstrual cycles, whose characterization was based on daily oral temperature record, a diary of the menstrual cycles with the onset and end of each cycle, and on estradiol and progesterone plasmatic levels. The average for the algesic variables measured has been compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey-Kramer's post-test, among the menstrual cycle phases (follicular, periovulatory, early luteal, late luteal and menstrual). The Pearson's test has been used for correlation analysis between algesic and hormonal variables. Statistical significance has been defined as p<0.05. RESULTS: no significant change in pain parameters among the menstrual cycle phases has been observed. Nevertheless, there have been significant negative correlations between progesterone and ischemic threshold (r=-0.23; p<0.01), and pressure tolerance (r=-0.23; p<0.01) at the early luteal phase. CONCLUSIONS: these results indicate that the increase in progesterone levels correlates with a decrease of ischemic threshold and pressure tolerance, suggesting that progesterone plays a role in the pain modulation during the early luteal phase.

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PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the modulation of pain perception, estimate by both threshold and tolerance to ischemic and pressure stimuli, by cortisol and humor states across the menstrual cycle. METHODS: Threshold and tolerance pain to ischemic and pressure stimuli were determined in eighteen healthy young women. The menstrual cycle phases were determined using oral temperature, documentation of the first and last day of menstruation and plasma levels of progesterone and estradiol. Statistical analysis using linear regression model (R2) indicate which hormonal variables (estradiol, progesterone and cortisol) and/or variables obtained from the questionnaire Profile of Mood States (POMS) (fatigue, tension, anger, vigor, confusion and depression) explain, isolated or together, each one of the pain parameters during the five phases of the menstrual cycle. RESULTS: In the follicular, periovulatory, early-to-middle luteal and menstrual phases hormones and subjective variables from POMS explained the responses for pain threshold and tolerance to ischemic and pressure stimulus. Estradiol (during follicular, peri-ovulatory and menstrual phases) and cortisol (during follicular, early-to-mid luteal and mestrual phases) explain only the pain perception to pressure. The differential participation of the hormones in the two types of pain suggests that estradiol, and probably cortisol, modulate the pathways related to pressure but not those related to ischemic pain. On the other hand only the mood states variables explained pain perception during late luteal phase. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of hormonal and subjective variables (POMS) together, associated to detailed characterization of the menstrual cycle suggest that participation of estradiol and cortisol modulate pain perception to pressure stimulus but not to ischemic one. Indeed, suggest that in healthy women with regular menstrual cycles, only subjective variables explained pain perception during late luteal phase of menstrual cycle.

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