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BACKGROUND: Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) is a berry rich in anthocyanins, bioactive compounds known for their antioxidant and neuroprotective properties that benefit human health. AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the effects of blackcurrant and its association with Donepezil on memory impairment, cholinergic neurotransmission, and antioxidant systems in a mouse model of amnesia induced by chronic administration of Scopolamine. METHODS: Adult male Swiss mice were given saline, blackcurrant (50 mg/kg, orally), and/or Donepezil (5 mg/kg, orally) and/or Scopolamine (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). RESULTS: Behavioral tests revealed that blackcurrant and/or Donepezil prevented the learning and memory deficits induced by Scopolamine. In the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, blackcurrant and/or Donepezil treatments prevented the increase in acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities induced by Scopolamine. Scopolamine also disrupted the glutathione redox system and increased levels of reactive species; nevertheless, blackcurrant and/or Donepezil treatments were able to prevent oxidative stress. Furthermore, these treatments prevented the increase in gene expression and protein density of acetylcholinesterase and the decrease in gene expression of the choline acetyltransferase enzyme induced by Scopolamine. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that blackcurrant and Donepezil, either alone or in combination, have anti-amnesic effects by modulating cholinergic system enzymes and improving the redox profile. Therefore, blackcurrant could be used as a natural supplement for the prevention and treatment of memory impairment in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Acetilcolinesterasa , Antioxidantes , Donepezilo , Trastornos de la Memoria , Estrés Oxidativo , Extractos Vegetales , Ribes , Escopolamina , Animales , Masculino , Ratones , Donepezilo/farmacología , Ribes/química , Trastornos de la Memoria/inducido químicamente , Trastornos de la Memoria/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastornos de la Memoria/prevención & control , Trastornos de la Memoria/metabolismo , Acetilcolinesterasa/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Hipocampo/efectos de los fármacos , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Piperidinas/farmacología , Indanos/farmacología , Butirilcolinesterasa/metabolismo , Corteza Cerebral/efectos de los fármacos , Corteza Cerebral/metabolismo , Glutatión/metabolismo , Amnesia/inducido químicamente , Amnesia/tratamiento farmacológico , Amnesia/metabolismo , Amnesia/prevención & control , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The aims were (i) to determine the effects of Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) on sleep disturbances, pain intensity and disability in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP), and (ii) to determine the dose-response association between CBT-I dose (total minutes) and improvements in sleep disorders, pain intensity and disability in patients with CMP. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, and SCOPUS until December 17, 2023. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) using CBT-I without co-interventions in people with CMP and sleep disorders were eligible. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias and certainty of the evidence. A random effects meta-analysis was applied to determine the effects on the variables of interest. The dose-response association was assessed using a restricted cubic spline model. Eleven RCTs (n = 1801 participants) were included. We found a significant effect in favor of CBT-I for insomnia (SMD: -1.34; 95%CI: -2.12 to -0.56), with a peak effect size at 450 min of CBT-I (-1.65, 95%CI: -1.89 to -1.40). A non-significant effect was found for pain intensity. A meta-analysis of disability was not possible due to the lack of data. This review found benefits of CBT-I for insomnia compared to control interventions, with a large effect size. In addition, it was estimated that a 250-min dose of CBT-I had a large effect on reducing insomnia and that the peak effect was reached at 450 min. These novel findings may guide clinicians in optimizing the use of CBT-I in people with CMP and insomnia.
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Dolor Crónico , Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual , Dolor Musculoesquelético , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño , Humanos , Dolor Crónico/complicaciones , Dolor Crónico/diagnóstico , Dolor Crónico/terapia , Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual/métodos , Dolor Musculoesquelético/complicaciones , Dolor Musculoesquelético/diagnóstico , Dolor Musculoesquelético/terapia , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño/etiología , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño/terapiaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study is to describe the sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics of a group of transgender women and travestis (TGW) with a history of incarceration and the institutional and social context of this experience in Brazil. METHODS: The analyzed data were derived from the TransOdara Study, a cross-sectional study conducted in five Brazilian capitals from December 2019 to July 2021. Participants were recruited using the Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS) technique, in which, after an initial formative and exploratory stage, the first participants were identified; in turn, these participants recruited up to six other transgender women and travestis for the research. The study's outcome was the experience of incarceration throughout life, captured through the question: "Have you ever been arrested in your life?" RESULTS: A total of 1,245 TGW were interviewed, of which 20.3% (n=253) experienced incarceration. Incarceration was more frequent among those aged 33 to 42 years (35.6%), with lower level of education (45.5%, p<0.001), engaged in informal work (30.3%), without a partner (67.2%), and among those who reported illicit drug use (66.4%). The majority (60.9%) of TGW were incarcerated with cisgender men, and the most common reasons for imprisonment were drug trafficking (30.4%) followed by robbery (29.2%). Over a quarter of the interviewees (26.3%) experienced assault, and 13.8% reported experiencing sexual violence during incarceration. CONCLUSION: The results emphasize the high prevalence of incarceration among TGW. This incarceration takes place in male wards and in a context of high rates of physical and sexual violence.
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Prisioneros , Personas Transgénero , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Personas Transgénero/estadística & datos numéricos , Personas Transgénero/psicología , Brasil/epidemiología , Adulto , Femenino , Masculino , Prisioneros/estadística & datos numéricos , Prisioneros/psicología , Adulto Joven , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adolescente , Factores Socioeconómicos , EncarcelamientoRESUMEN
Given the scarcity of studies addressing substance consumption and its relationship with attachment styles and early maladaptive schemas in adolescents, the present study is proposed. Aims of this study are to analyze the relationship among attachment styles, early maladaptive schemas, and substance use; test the predictive role of attachment styles on substance use; and observe the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in the relationship between attachment and substance use. The sample consisted of 1533 adolescents from Ecuador (53.9% males) aged between 14 and 18 years (M = 15.76; SD = 1.25). The attachment styles of security, value to parental authority, parental permissiveness, parental interference, self-sufficiency and resentment against parents, childhood trauma, and family concern predict substance use (tobacco, alcohol, tranquilizers/sedatives or sleeping pills, hashish or marijuana, cocaine, GHB or liquid ecstasy, ecstasy, amphetamines/speed, hallucinogens, heroin, inhalants/volatiles), and the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas is confirmed (explained variance up to 33.33%). Identifying risk or vulnerability factors, such as attachment and early maladaptive schemas related to substance consumption, is especially relevant for designing and implementing preventive interventions in the adolescent population.
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Conducta del Adolescente , Apego a Objetos , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias , Humanos , Adolescente , Ecuador , Masculino , Femenino , Relaciones Padres-HijoRESUMEN
Resistance exercise training (RET) is considered an excellent tool for preventing diseases with an inflammatory background. Its neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties are responsible for positively modulating cholinergic and oxidative systems, promoting neurogenesis, and improving memory. However, the mechanisms behind these actions are largely unknown. In order to investigate the pathways related to these effects of exercise, we conducted a 12-week long-term exercise training protocol and used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce damage to the cortex and hippocampus of male Wistar rats. The cholinergic system, oxidative stress, and histochemical parameters were analyzed in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, and memory tests were also performed. It was observed that LPS: (1) caused memory loss in the novel object recognition (NOR) test; (2) increased the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Iba1 protein density; (3) reduced the protein density of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 (CHRM1); (4) elevated the levels of lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and reactive species (RS); and (5) caused inflammatory damage to the dentate gyrus. RET, on the other hand, was able to prevent all alterations induced by LPS, as well as increase per se the protein density of the alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChRα7) and Nestin, and the levels of protein thiols (T-SH). Overall, our study elucidates some mechanisms that support resistance physical exercise as a valuable approach against LPS-induced neuroinflammation and memory loss.
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Lipopolisacáridos , Trastornos de la Memoria , Enfermedades Neuroinflamatorias , Condicionamiento Físico Animal , Ratas Wistar , Animales , Masculino , Lipopolisacáridos/toxicidad , Condicionamiento Físico Animal/fisiología , Condicionamiento Físico Animal/métodos , Ratas , Enfermedades Neuroinflamatorias/metabolismo , Enfermedades Neuroinflamatorias/inducido químicamente , Trastornos de la Memoria/inducido químicamente , Trastornos de la Memoria/metabolismo , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Hipocampo/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Entrenamiento de Fuerza/métodos , Corteza Cerebral/metabolismo , Corteza Cerebral/efectos de los fármacos , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo/metabolismo , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Acetilcolinesterasa/metabolismo , Receptor Muscarínico M1/metabolismoRESUMEN
A higher incidence of primary congenital hypothyroidism (CH) has been related to increased sensitivity in neonatal screening tests. The benefit of treatment in mild cases remains a topic of debate. We evaluated the impact of reducing the blood-spot TSH cut-off (b-TSH) from 10 (Group 2) to 6 mIU/L (Group 1) in a public neonatal screening program. During the study period, 40% of 123 newborns with CH (n = 162,729; incidence = 1:1323) had b-TSH between 6 and 10 mIU/L. Group 1 patients had fewer clinical signs (p = 0.02), lower serum TSH (p < 0.01), and higher free T4 (p < 0.01) compared to those in Group 2 at diagnosis. Reducing the b-TSH cut-off from 10 to 6 mIU/L increased screening sensitivity, allowing a third of diagnoses, mainly mild cases, not being missed. However, when evaluating the performances of b-TSH cut-offs (6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 mIU/L), the lower values were associated with low positive predictive values (PPVs) and unacceptable increased recall rates (0.57%) for a public health care program. A proposed strategy is to adopt a higher b-TSH cut-off in the first sample and a lower one in the subsequent samples from the same child, which yields a greater number of diagnoses with an acceptable PPV.
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Since the significance of viral infections in children and adolescents with nephrotic syndrome (NS) is yet to be defined, this study intended to estimate the occurrence, pattern, and outcomes of some DNA viral infections in children with NS. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted to determine the genome identification of the viruses Epstein-Barr (EBV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6 type A and type B) and 7 (HHV-7), polyomavirus (BKV), and human adenovirus (HAdV) in plasma and urine samples of pediatric patients with NS. RESULTS: A total of 35 patients aged 1 to 18 years with NS and under immunosuppressant drugs participated in the study. Plasma and urine samples were collected at regular intervals during a median follow-up of 266 days (range 133-595), and DNA was analyzed to detect the selected DNA viruses. Eleven patients (31.4%) had active virus infections, and patterns were classified as coinfection, recurrent, and consecutive. Of these, six patients (54.5%) presented viral coinfection, six (54.5%) viral recurrence, and seven patients (63.3%) had viral consecutive infection. Ten of the eleven patients with active infection had a proteinuria relapse (91%) and eight (72.7%) were hospitalized (p = 0.0022). Active HCMV infection was the most frequent infection and was observed in six patients (54.5%), three of the eleven patients (27.2%) had suspected HCMV disease in the gastrointestinal tract, and one had HHV-7 coinfection. The frequency of other infections was: 9% for HHV-6, 45.5% for BKV, 27.3% for HHV-7, 18.2% for EBV, and 18.2% for HAdV. CONCLUSION: viral infections, especially HCMV, can be an important cause of morbidity and nephrotic syndrome relapse in children.
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Virus BK , Síndrome Nefrótico , Humanos , Síndrome Nefrótico/virología , Síndrome Nefrótico/complicaciones , Adolescente , Niño , Masculino , Femenino , Preescolar , Virus BK/genética , Virus BK/aislamiento & purificación , Lactante , Estudios Prospectivos , ADN Viral/genética , Herpesviridae/genética , Herpesviridae/clasificación , Herpesviridae/aislamiento & purificación , Coinfección/virología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/virología , Adenoviridae/genética , Adenoviridae/aislamiento & purificación , Adenoviridae/clasificaciónRESUMEN
While cytostatic chemotherapy targeting DNA is known to induce genotoxicity, leading to cell cycle arrest and cytokine secretion, the impact of these drugs on fibroblast-epithelial cancer cell communication and metabolism remains understudied. Our research focused on human breast fibroblast RMF-621 exposed to nonlethal concentrations of cisplatin and doxorubicin, revealing reduced proliferation, diminished basal and maximal mitochondrial respirations, heightened mitochondrial ROS and lactate production, and elevated MCT4 protein levels. Interestingly, RMF-621 cells enhanced glucose uptake, promoting lactate export. Breast cancer cells MCF-7 exposed to conditioned media (CM) from drug-treated stromal RMF-621 cells increased MCT1 protein levels, lactate-driven mitochondrial respiration, and a significantly high mitochondrial spare capacity for lactate. These changes occurred alongside altered mitochondrial respiration, mitochondrial membrane potential, and superoxide levels. Furthermore, CM with doxorubicin and cisplatin increased migratory capacity in MCF-7 cells, which was inhibited by MCT1 (BAY-8002), glutamate dehydrogenase (EGCG), mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (UK5099), and complex I (rotenone) inhibitors. A similar behavior was observed in T47-D and ZR-75-1 breast cancer cells. This suggests that CM induces metabolic rewiring involving elevated lactate uptake to sustain mitochondrial bioenergetics during migration. Treatment with the mitochondrial-targeting antioxidant mitoTEMPO in RMF-621 and the addition of an anti-CCL2 antibody in the CM prevented the promigratory MCF-7 phenotype. Similar effects were observed in THP1 monocyte cells, where CM increased monocyte recruitment. We propose that nonlethal concentrations of DNA-damaging drugs induce changes in the cellular environment favoring a promalignant state dependent on mitochondrial bioenergetics.
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Background and Objectives: The main objective was to analyze the consumption of antimicrobials (ATMs) subjected to prescription retention, and with indication for the treatment of respiratory infections in Brazil, from 2014 to 2021. Methods: This is an ecological study of mixed design. Secondary data was obtained from the National System for the Management of Controlled Products (SNGPC). Data was presented following the equation: number of total consumption of ATMs for each macro-region of Brazil by year or trimester / number of residents for each macro-region per year *1.000 inhabitants. Annual data was analyzed by Prais-Winsten, and quarterly data was analyzed by automatic forward stepwise regression. Results: The Southern region showed the highest mean rates of consumption when compared to the other macro-regions. For annual analysis, the proportion of stability, increase and decrease of consumption of ATMs was similar among macro-regions. The quarterly period registered an increase in the consumption of Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin+Clavulanate, Azithromycin and Cephalexin altogether, in the Southern, Southeastern and Northern regions. Conclusion: Our data reveals an increased consumption of some ATMs during the pandemic period in specific macro-regions of Brazil. The five macro regions have shown different patterns of ATMs consumption.(AU)
Justificativa e Objetivos: O objetivo principal foi analisar o consumo de antimicrobianos (ATMs) sujeito a retenção de receita e com indicações para tratamento de infecções respiratórias no Brasil de 2014 até 2021. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico de desenho misto. Dados secundários foram obtidos do Sistema Nacional de Gerenciamento de Produtos Controlados (SNGPC). Dados foram apresentados conforme a seguinte equação: número total de consumo de ATMs por cada macrorregião do Brasil por ano ou trimestre/ número de residentes por cada macrorregião do Brasil por ano *1.000 habitantes. Dados anuais foram por Prais-Winsten, e dados trimestrais por regressão automática passo-a-passo. Resultados: Região Sul apresentou maiores taxas médias de consumo em comparação às demais macrorregiões. Para análise anual, a proporção de estabilidade, aumento e diminuição dos ATMs foi similar entre as macrorregiões. O trimestre registrou aumento no consumo de Amoxicilina, Amoxicilina+Clavulanato, Azitromicina e Cefalexina, juntas, nas regiões Sul, Sudeste e Norte. Conclusão: Nossos dados revelam um aumento no consumo de alguns ATMs durante o período de pandemia em macrorregiões específicas do Brasil, as cinco macrorregiões apresentaram padrões diferentes de consumo de ATMs.(AU)
Justificación y Objetivos: El objetivo principal fue analizar el consumo de antimicrobianos (ATMs) sujetos a retención de ingresos con indicaciones para el tratamiento de infecciones respiratorias en Brasil de 2014 a 2021. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio ecológico de diseño mixto. Datos secundarios obtenidos del Sistema Nacional de Gestión de Productos Controlados (SNGPC). Los datos fueron presentados siguiendo la ecuación: número de consumo total de cajeros automáticos para cada macro región de Brasil por año o trimestre / número de residentes para cada macro región por año *1.000 habitantes. Los datos anuales fueron analizados por Prais-Winsten, y trimestralmente analizados por regresión paso a paso automática hacia adelante. Resultados: La región Sur mostró las mayores tasas medias de consumo en comparación con las demás macrorregiones. Para el análisis anual, la proporción de estabilidad, aumento y disminución de ATMs fue similar entre las macrorregiones. En el trimestre se registró aumento en el consumo de Amoxicilina, Amoxicilina+Clavulanato, Azitromicina y Cefalexina, en conjunto, en las regiones Sur, Sudeste y Norte. Conclusión: Nuestros datos revelan un mayor consumo de algunos ATMs durante el período de la pandemia en macro regiones específicas de Brasil, las cinco macro regiones han mostrado diferentes patrones de consumo de ATMs.(AU)
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Humanos , Brasil , COVID-19 , Antiinfecciosos , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio , FarmacovigilanciaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Introduction: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) have concepts of diagnosis and management have water balance as their main point of evaluation. In our ICU, from 2004 to 2012, the nephrologist's participation was on demand only; and as of 2013 their participation became continuous in meetings to case discussion. The aim of this study was to establish how an intense nephrologist/intensivist interaction influenced the frequency of dialysis indication, fluid balance and pRIFLE classification during these two observation periods. Methods: Retrospective study, longitudinal evaluation of all children with AKI undergoing dialysis (2004 to 2016). Parameters studied: frequency of indication, duration and volume of infusion in the 24 hours preceding dialysis; diuresis and water balance every 8 hours. Non-parametric statistics, p ≤ 0.05. Results: 53 patients (47 before and 6 after 2013). There were no significant differences in the number of hospitalizations or cardiac surgeries between the periods. After 2013, there was a significant decrease in the number of indications for dialysis/year (5.85 vs. 1.5; p = 0.000); infusion volume (p = 0.02), increase in the duration of dialysis (p = 0.002) and improvement in the discrimination of the pRIFLE diuresis component in the AKI development. Conclusion: Integration between the ICU and pediatric nephrology teams in the routine discussion of cases, critically approaching water balance, was decisive to improve the management of AKI in the ICU.
RESUMO Introdução: Os conceitos sobre diagnóstico e conduta da Lesão Renal Aguda (LRA) na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) tem como ponto primordial a avaliação do balanço hídrico. Em nossa UTI, de 2004 a 2012, a participação do nefrologista era sob demanda. A partir de 2013, a participação passou a ser contínua em reunião de discussão de casos. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar como a maior interação nefrologista/intensivista influenciou a frequência de indicação de diálise, no balanço hídrico e na classificação pRIFLE durante esses dois períodos de observação. Método: Estudo retrospectivo, avaliação longitudinal de todas as crianças com LRA em diálise (2004 a 2016). Parâmetros estudados: frequência de indicação, tempo de duração e volume de infusão nas 24 horas precedendo a diálise; diurese e balanço hídrico a cada 8 horas. Estatística não paramétrica, p ≤ 0,05. Resultado: 53 pacientes (47 antes e 6 após 2013). Sem diferença significativa no número de internações e nem de cirurgias cardíacas entre os períodos. Após 2013, houve diminuição significativa no número de indicação de diálise/ano (5,85 vs. 1,5; p = 0,000); no volume de infusão (p = 0,02), aumento do tempo de duração da diálise (p = 0,002) e melhora da discriminação do componente diurese do pRIFLE na indicação de LRA. Conclusão: Integração entre equipes de UTI e nefrologia pediátrica na discussão rotineira de casos, abordando criticamente o balanço hídrico, foi determinante para a melhora na conduta da LRA na UTI.
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In a changing environmental scenario, acid rain can have a significant impact on aquatic ecosystems. Acidification is known to produce corrosion in metals, hence increasing their harmful effects on the environment, organisms and human health. The prevalent use of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) in everyday products raises concerns regarding exposure and nanotoxicity even in these acidified conditions. We thus report on the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of nickel oxide (NiO-NP) and zinc oxide (ZnO-NP) NPs when suspended in aqueous media in light of pH variations (7.5 and 5). A modified microsuspension method of the Salmonella/microsome assay was adopted, and strains (TA97a, TA98, TA100, TA102) were exposed to NPs (10-1280 µg/plate) with and without a metabolization fraction. The acidic condition favored disaggregation and caused a decrease in NPs size. Mutagenicity was observed in all samples and different strains, with greater DNA base pair substitution damage (TA100 and TA102), but extrinsic conditions (pH) suggest different action mechanisms of NiO-NP and ZnO-NP on genetic content. Mutagenic activity was found to increase upon metabolic activation (TA98, TA100, and TA102) demonstrating the bioactivity of NiO-NP and ZnO-NP in relation to metabolites generated by the mammalian p450 system in vitro. Modifications in the Salmonella assay methodology increased cell exposure time. The observed responses recommend this modified assay as one of the methodologies of choice for nanoecotoxicological evaluation. These findings emphasize the significance of incorporating the environmental context when evaluating the toxicity of metal-based NPs.
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Nanopartículas del Metal , Nanopartículas , Óxido de Zinc , Animales , Humanos , Ecosistema , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Mamíferos , Nanopartículas del Metal/toxicidad , Mutágenos , Nanopartículas/toxicidad , Óxido de Zinc/toxicidadRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) have concepts of diagnosis and management have water balance as their main point of evaluation. In our ICU, from 2004 to 2012, the nephrologist's participation was on demand only; and as of 2013 their participation became continuous in meetings to case discussion. The aim of this study was to establish how an intense nephrologist/intensivist interaction influenced the frequency of dialysis indication, fluid balance and pRIFLE classification during these two observation periods. METHODS: Retrospective study, longitudinal evaluation of all children with AKI undergoing dialysis (2004 to 2016). PARAMETERS STUDIED: frequency of indication, duration and volume of infusion in the 24 hours preceding dialysis; diuresis and water balance every 8 hours. Non-parametric statistics, p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: 53 patients (47 before and 6 after 2013). There were no significant differences in the number of hospitalizations or cardiac surgeries between the periods. After 2013, there was a significant decrease in the number of indications for dialysis/year (5.85 vs. 1.5; p = 0.000); infusion volume (p = 0.02), increase in the duration of dialysis (p = 0.002) and improvement in the discrimination of the pRIFLE diuresis component in the AKI development. CONCLUSION: Integration between the ICU and pediatric nephrology teams in the routine discussion of cases, critically approaching water balance, was decisive to improve the management of AKI in the ICU.
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Lesión Renal Aguda , Nefrólogos , Niño , Humanos , Diálisis Renal , Estudios Retrospectivos , Lesión Renal Aguda/terapia , AguaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of the present study is to describe the sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics of a group of transgender women and travestis (TGW) with a history of incarceration and the institutional and social context of this experience in Brazil. Methods: The analyzed data were derived from the TransOdara Study, a cross-sectional study conducted in five Brazilian capitals from December 2019 to July 2021. Participants were recruited using the Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS) technique, in which, after an initial formative and exploratory stage, the first participants were identified; in turn, these participants recruited up to six other transgender women and travestis for the research. The study's outcome was the experience of incarceration throughout life, captured through the question: "Have you ever been arrested in your life?" Results: A total of 1,245 TGW were interviewed, of which 20.3% (n=253) experienced incarceration. Incarceration was more frequent among those aged 33 to 42 years (35.6%), with lower level of education (45.5%, p<0.001), engaged in informal work (30.3%), without a partner (67.2%), and among those who reported illicit drug use (66.4%). The majority (60.9%) of TGW were incarcerated with cisgender men, and the most common reasons for imprisonment were drug trafficking (30.4%) followed by robbery (29.2%). Over a quarter of the interviewees (26.3%) experienced assault, and 13.8% reported experiencing sexual violence during incarceration. Conclusion: The results emphasize the high prevalence of incarceration among TGW. This incarceration takes place in male wards and in a context of high rates of physical and sexual violence.
RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo é descrever as características sociodemográficas e comportamentais de um grupo de mulheres trans e travestis (MTT) com histórico de encarceramento e o contexto institucional e social desta experiência no Brasil. Métodos: Os dados são provenientes do Estudo TransOdara, de delineamento transversal, realizado em 5 capitais brasileiras no período de dezembro de 2019 a julho de 2021. As participantes foram recrutadas pela técnica Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS), onde, após uma etapa inicial formativa e exploratória, as primeiras participantes foram identificadas; elas, por sua vez, recrutavam até outras seis mulheres trans e travestis para a pesquisa. O desfecho do estudo foi a experiência de encarceramento durante a vida apreendido através da pergunta: "Você alguma vez na vida já foi presa?". Resultados: Um total de 1.245 MTT foram entrevistadas. Destas, 20,3% (n=253) experienciaram o cárcere. O encarceramento foi mais frequente entre as entrevistadas de 33 a 42 anos (35,6%), com menor escolaridade (45,5%), em situação de trabalho informal (30,3%) e entre aquelas que reportaram uso de drogas ilícitas (66,4%). A maioria (60,9%) das MTT ficou presa com homens cisgênero, e o motivo da prisão mais frequente foi o tráfico de drogas (30,4%), seguido de roubo (29,2%). Mais de um quarto das entrevistadas (26,3%) sofreu agressão, e 13,8% relataram ter sofrido violência sexual durante o encarceramento. Conclusão: Os resultados destacam a elevada prevalência de encarceramento entre MTT. Este encarceramento se dá em alas masculinas e em um contexto de altas taxas de violência física e sexual.
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PURPOSE: The aim of this randomized study was to compare the complications and perioperative outcome of three different techniques of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Changes in the liver function test after LC techniques were investigated. Also, we compared the degree of postoperative adhesions and histopathological changes of the liver bed. METHODS: Thirty rabbits were divided into three groups: group A) Fundus-first technique by Hook dissecting instrument and Roeder Slipknot applied for cystic duct (CD) ligation; group B) conventional technique by Maryland dissecting forceps and electrothermal bipolar vessel sealing (EBVS) for CD seal; group C) conventional technique by EBVS for gallbladder (GB) dissection and CD seal. RESULTS: Group A presented a longer GB dissection time than groups B and C. GB perforation and bleeding from tissues adjacent to GB were similar among tested groups. Gamma-glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase levels increased (p ≤ 0.05) on day 3 postoperatively in group A. By the 15th postoperative day, the enzymes returned to the preoperative values. Transient elevation of hepatic transaminases occurred after LC in all groups. Group A had a higher adherence score than groups B and C and was associated with the least predictable technique. CONCLUSIONS: LC can be performed using different techniques, although the use of EBVS is highly recommended.
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Colecistectomía Laparoscópica , Laparoscopía , Animales , Conejos , Colecistectomía , Colecistectomía Laparoscópica/efectos adversos , Colecistectomía Laparoscópica/métodos , Vesícula Biliar , Hígado/cirugíaRESUMEN
Objetivo: evidenciar os diagnósticos social e epidemiológico de trabalhadores da saúde atuantes na pandemia e acometidos por COVID-19, aplicando modelo PRECEDE-PROCEED. Métodos: estudo documental, quantitativo, observacional, retrospectivo, desenvolvido a partir do modelo PRECEDE-PROCEED, que norteia intervenções, partindo do diagnóstico faseado para implementar ações. Dados obtidos em 215 prontuários de trabalhadores com COVID-19, atendidos no serviço ocupacional hospitalar em Macapá, entre 2020 e 2021. Resultados: diagnóstico social: mulheres (81,9%), pardas/pretas (79%), idade entre 40/55 anos (53,4%), técnicas de enfermagem (40%), da nefrologia (10,2%), vínculo estadual/federal (91,6%) superior a 10 anos (60,4%). Diagnóstico Epidemiológico: cefaleia (53,5%), tosse (51,6%), febre (47,9%). Teste rápido (76,3%), atendimento ambulatorial (90,2%), afastamento de 8 a 14 dias (45,1%), 100% curados, sequelas em 12,6%. Sem diferença significativa quanto ao afastamento por função exercida. Dispneia, dor torácica e sequelas da doença tem maior chance de afastamento. Conclusão: a aplicação do modelo possibilita planejar ações de conscientização/prevenção sobre risco, adoecimento, acidente laboral e cuidados à saúde dos trabalhadores(AU)
Objective: to highlight the social and epidemiological diagnoses of health workers working in the pandemic and affected by COVID-19, applying the PRECEDE-PROCEED model. Methods: documentary, quantitative, observational, retrospective study, developed based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model, which guides interventions, starting from phased diagnosis to implement actions. Data obtained from 215 medical records of workers with COVID-19, treated at the hospital occupational service in Macapá, between 2020 and 2021. Results: social diagnosis: women (81.9%), brown/black (79%), aged between 40/ 55 years old (53.4%), nursing technicians (40%), nephrology (10.2%), state/federal employment (91.6%) for more than 10 years (60.4%). Epidemiological Diagnosis: headache (53.5%), cough (51.6%), fever (47.9%). Rapid test (76.3%), outpatient care (90.2%), sick leave of 8 to 14 days (45.1%), 100% cured, sequelae in 12.6%. No significant difference in terms of leave by function performed. Dyspnea, chest pain and sequelae of the disease have a greater chance of sick leave. Conclusion: the application of the model makes it possible to plan awareness/prevention actions regarding risk, illness, occupational accidents and workers' health care(AU)
Objetivo: visibilizar los diagnósticos social y epidemiológico de los trabajadores de la salud que trabajan en la pandemia y afectados por el COVID-19, aplicando el modelo PRECEDE-PROCEED. Métodos: estudio documental, cuantitativo, observacional, retrospectivo, desarrollado con base en el modelo PRECEDE-PROCEED, que orienta las intervenciones, a partir del diagnóstico por fases para implementar de acciones. Los datos se obtuvieron de 215 historias clínicas de trabajadores con COVID-19, atendidos en el servicio ocupacional hospitalario de Macapá, entre 2020 y 2021. Resultados: diagnóstico social: mujeres (81,9%), morenas/negras (79%), edades entre 40/ 55 años (53,4%), técnicos en enfermería (40%), del área de nefrología (10,2%), empleo estatal/federal (91,6%) con más de 10 años (60,4%). Diagnóstico Epidemiológico: dolor de cabeza (53,5%), tos (51,6%), fiebre (47,9%). Prueba rápida (76,3%), atención ambulatoria (90,2%), baja laboral de 8 a 14 días (45,1%), 100% curados, secuelas en un 12,6%. No hay diferencia significativa en términos de licencias por función desempeñada. La disnea, el dolor torácico y las secuelas de la enfermedad tienen mayor probabilidad de ocasionar la baja laboral. Conclusiones: la aplicación del modelo permite planificar acciones de concienciación/prevención en cuanto al riesgo, enfermedades, accidentes laborales y atención de la salud de los trabajadores(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Salud Laboral , Personal de Salud , COVID-19/epidemiología , Perfil de Salud , Brasil , Registros Médicos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Determinantes Sociales de la Salud , Factores Sociodemográficos , Análisis de Documentos , Hospitales PúblicosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Zika virus infection during pregnancy causes fetal microcephaly and brain damage. Congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) is characterized by systemic involvement with diffuse muscle impairment, a high frequency of arthrogryposis, and microphthalmia. Cardiac impairment in CZS has rarely been evaluated. Our study assessed morphology and biventricular cardiac function in children with CZS and advanced neurological dysfunction. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 52 children with CZS (Zika group; ZG) and 25 healthy children (control group; CG) in Paraiba, Brazil. Clinical evaluation, electrocardiogram (EKG), and transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) were performed on all children. Additionally, troponin I and natriuretic peptide type B (BNP) levels, the degree of cerebral palsy, and neuroimaging findings were assessed in the ZG group. RESULTS: The median age of the study population was 5 years in both groups, and 40.4% (ZG) and 60% (CG) were female. The most prevalent electrocardiographic alteration was sinus arrhythmia in both the ZG (n = 9, 17.3%) and CG (n = 4, 16%). The morphological parameters adjusted for Z score were as follows: left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic diameter in ZG: -2.36 [-5.10, 2.63] vs. CG: -1.07 [-3.43, 0.61], p<0.001); ascending aorta (ZG: -0.09 [-2.08, 1.60] vs. CG: 0.43 [-1.47, 2.2], p = 0.021); basal diameter of the right ventricle (RV) (ZG: -2.34 [-4.90, 0.97] vs. CG: -0.96 [-2.21, 0.40], p<0.01); and pulmonary artery dimension (ZG: -2.13 [-5.99, 0.98] vs. CG: -0.24 [-2.53, 0.59], p<0.01). The ejection fractions (%) were 65.7 and 65.6 in the ZG and CG, respectively (p = 0.968). The left atrium volume indices (mL/m2) in the ZG and CG were 13.15 [6.80, 18.00] and 18.80 [5.90, 25.30] (p<0.01), respectively, and the right atrium volume indices (mL/m2) were 10.10 [4.90, 15.30] and 15.80 [4.10, 24.80] (p<0.01). The functional findings adjusted for Z score were as follows: lateral systolic excursion of the mitral annular plane (MAPSE) (ZG: 0.36 [-2.79, 4.71] vs. CG: 1.79 [-0.93, 4.5], p = 0.001); tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) (ZG: -2.43 [-5.47, 5.09] vs. CG: 0.07 [-1.98, 3.64], p<0.001); and the S' of the RV (ZG: 1.20 [3.35, 2.90] vs. CG: -0.20 [-2.15, 1.50], p = 0.0121). No differences in biventricular strain measurements were observed between the groups. Troponin I and BNP levels were normal in in the ZG. Grade V cerebral palsy and subcortical calcification were found in 88.6% and 97.22% of children in the ZG group, respectively. CONCLUSION: A reduction in cardiac dimensions and functional changes were found in CZS patients, based on the TAPSE, S' of the RV, and MAPSE, suggesting the importance of cardiac evaluation and follow-up in this group of patients.
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Parálisis Cerebral , Infección por el Virus Zika , Virus Zika , Niño , Humanos , Femenino , Preescolar , Masculino , Infección por el Virus Zika/complicaciones , Estudios Transversales , Troponina I , EcocardiografíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA) produces structural changes that cause alterations in body functions. One tissue that seems to have a predictive role in the etiology and progression of the disease is the soft tissue, particularly the fascia. However, little is known about the use of myofascial induction in people with AxSpA, and clinical evidence from physiotherapy regarding potential strategies is limited. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of myofascial induction compared with its simulation on joint amplitude in people with AxSpA. METHODS: In this randomized controlled parallel superiority clinical trial, 84 people with an AxSpA diagnosis confirmed by a rheumatologist will be randomly assigned to groups: the experimental group or the control group. The experimental group will receive myofascial induction, and the control group will undergo a simulation of the technique. Both groups will receive an examination session and six intervention sessions twice per week for three weeks. A baseline follow-up will be performed immediately after the intervention and four weeks after treatment. CONCLUSION: The results of this study may contribute to a better understanding of the efficacy of myofascial induction for joint mobility in people with AxSpA. The implications of these results have a potential transformative effect on the understanding, analysis, evaluation, and physiotherapeutic treatment of this health condition. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04424589. Registered 11 June 2020.